GB 14711-2006 电机安全要求(E)

ICS 29.160.01K 20National Standard of the Peoples Republic of ChinaGB 14711-2006Substitute for GB 14711-1993Safety Requirements of Small and Medium Size Rotating Electrical MachinesIssued on August 25, 2006Effective from March 1, 2007Issued byGeneral Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the P. R. ChinaStandardization Administration of the Peoples Republic of ChinaGB 14711-2006ContentsForeword.III1 Scope.12 Normative sources of standards.13 Technical terms and explanations.24 General requirements.25 Structure.26 Symbols.67 Tests78 Low voltage (rated voltage1, 000V)AC motor (including universal motor)129 High voltage (rated voltage1, 000V) AC motor.1310 DC motor1311 Portable and auxiliary generator.1412 Variable-frequency & adjustable-speed motor. 16IGB 14711-2006ForewordAll the technical content of the standard is compulsory.The standard is consistent with the safety requirements in GB755-2000 Rotating Machine Rating and Performance.The standard is a substitute for GB14711-1993 General Safety Requirements of Small and Medium Rotating Electrical Machines, with the present title Safety Requirements of Small and Medium Size Rotating Electrical Machines.The standard differs from GB14711-1993 mainly in the following respects:1.Standard was rearranged;2.The safety requirements of portable, auxiliary, and variable-frequency & adjustable-speed motors were included;3.Tables related were placed at the back of this book, for easy reference.The standard is proposed by China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.The preparation and management of standard is under the supervision of the China Rotating Electrical Machine Standardization & Technology Committee (SAC/TC 26). Shanghai Electrical Equipment Research Institute was responsible for the drafting of the standard. Other organizations that participated in the drafting include: Beijing B.J. Electric Motor Co., Ltd., Chongqing Sailimeng Electric Motor Co., Ltd., Shandong Qilu Electric Motor Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Lanzhou Electric Motor Co., Ltd., Shanghai United Electric Motor (Group) Corporation, Zhejiang Jinlong Electric Motor Co., Ltd., Shandong Huali Electric Motor Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Qingjiang Electric Motor Co., Ltd., Kunming Electrical Engineering Co., Ltd., and Shanxi Electric Motor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Major drafters include Ni Lixin, Chen Weihua, Jin Weiwei, Li Baojin, Li Xiuying, Zhang Shengde, Liu Jinyan, Cai Jiagang, Zhou Qi, Tian Zhigang, Gao Wenan, Cui Huajian, Ye Jinwu, Feng Jinquan, Zhou Guobao, Zhang Bin and Yue Weiping. The standard shall replace GB 14711-1993 from the effective date. GB 14711-1993 is the first edition. This standard is the first amendment. IIISafety Requirements of Small and Medium Size Rotating Electrical Machines1 Scope1.1 The standard specifies the safety requirements of small/medium general-purpose rotating electrical machines (electric motor and generator, hereinafter referred to as “motor”).1.2 This standard is not applicable to astronautic motors, traction motors, explosion-proof motors, hoist and metallurgical motors, shield motors. Tests of small power motors produced according to GB/T 5171 can also refer to GB12350.1.3 In case other types of motors involve special requirements that are not covered in this standard, new standard should be developed. 2 Normative sources of standards The terms and conditions quoted from the following documents became the terms and conditions of this standard. Where documents are dated, their attached modification list (exclusive of corrections) or the revised edition is not applicable to this standard. Nevertheless, the concerned parties are encouraged to consider the latest editions of those documents when reaching agreement based on this standard. Where documents are undated, their latest versions are applicable to this standard.GB755-2000 Rotating electrical machines Rating and performance (idt IEC 60034-1: 1996)GB/T 825-1988 Eye screw (NEQ ISO 3266: 1984)GB1971 Rotating electrical machines Cable terminal symbol and sense of rotation (GB1971-2006, 60034-8: 2002, IDT)GB/T 2423.4-1993 Electrical and electronic products environmental tests procedures Tests Db: temperature & humidity testing methods (eqv IEC 60068-2-30: 1980)GB/T 4207-2003 CTI and PTI testing methods for solid insulation material under humid conditions (IEC 60112: 1979, IDT)GB4706.1-1998 House and similar purpose appliances safety Part one: general requirements (eqv IEC 60335-1: 1991)GB/T 4942.1-2001 Rotating electrical machine housing protection grading (IP code) (idt IEC 60034-5: 1991)GB/T 5169.11-1997 Electrical and electronic products fire hazard tests Testing methods Glow wire test and guidelines for the finished products (idt IEC 60695-2-1/1: 1994)GB/T 5169.12-1999 Electrical and electronic products fire hazard tests Testing methods Glow wire flammability test for materials (idt IEC 60695-2-1/2: 1994)GB/T 5465.2-1996 Electrical equipment diagrams and symbols (idt IEC 60417: 1994)GB/T 11020-1989 Flammability testing methods for solid insulation material exposed to ignition source (eqv IEC 60707: 1981)GB/T 13002 Built-in thermal protector of rotating electrical machines Rotating electrical machines protection rules (GB/T 13002-1991, eqv IEC 34-11-1: 1978)GB/T 16422.2-1999 Testing methods of exposure to laboratory light sources for plastics Part two: xenon-arc lamp (idt ISO 4892-2: 1994)GB/T 17948.1-2000 Rotating electrical machines insulation performance appraisal Random windings test procedures Thermal appraisal and grading (idt IEC 60034-18-21: 1992)GB/T 18380.1-2001 Burning test for cables exposed to flames Part 1: vertical burning test of single insulated wire or cable (idt IEC 60332-1: 1993)GB/T 18380.2-2001 Burning test for cables exposed to flames Part 2: vertical burning test of single insulated thin copper-core wire or cable (idt IEC 60332-2: 1989)GB/T 18380.3-2001 Burning test for cables exposed to flames Part 3: burning test of bunched wires or cables (idt IEC 60332-3: 1992)JB/T 7589-1994 High-voltage electrical machines insulation thermal stability appraisal methods (eqv IEC 60034-18-31: 1992) JB/T 8158-1999 Starting performance of single-speed, three-phase, squirrel-cage induction motors (voltage690V) (eqv IEC 60034-12: 1995) JB/T 10098-2000 Impulse-voltage endurance of AC motor stator coils (idt IEC 60034-15: 1995)IEC 60034-18-22: 2000 Rotating electrical machine insulation function appraisalFormed winding test proceduresInsulation compositions substitution and change gradingIEC 60034-18-31: 1992 Rotating electrical machine insulation function appraisalFormed winding test proceduresInsulations thermal property appraisal and grading for motors50MVA and 15kVIEC 60034-18-32: 1995 Rotating electrical machine insulation function appraisalFormed winding test proceduresInsulations electric property appraisal and grading for motors50MVA and 15kV3 Technical terms and explanationsThe following terms and explanations are applicable to this standard.3.1 ClearanceClearance is the shortest distance between two conductive parts measured through air.3.2 Creepage distanceCreepage is the shortest path between two conductive parts measured along the surface of the insulation.Note: the seam between two insulating parts is taken as a part of the surface.3.3 LeadLead is a wire that connects between winding coils and wiring terminals, or between winding coils, or between winding coils and other conductors inside the motor. Leads can be directed into a junction box outside the motor.3.4 Supply cordIt is the flexible cord that goes from inside the motor to the outside for the purpose of power supply. 4 General requirements4.1 The motors covered in this standard should conform to the requirements of GB755-2000.4.2 The capacitor integrated with the motor is regarded as part of the motor.4.3 Whether at room temperatures, or thermal state, or humid conditions, motors should have adequate insulation resistance. Insulation resistance is measured and tested according to the requirements of 7.4.4.4 In normal operation, motors should not have electrical or mechanical faults that would affect safety; or damaged insulation; or loose connections; or aged flexible components and outer cover parts.5 Structure5.1 General principles5.1.1 The electrical components of motor are specially approved models and specifications. They should be tested along with the motor. All rotating parts should operate safely (including at over-speed). Components that are not connected to rotating parts and would not affect electrical or mechanical safety may be taken as a separate part of the motor, and can be supplied separately. 5.1.2 With the exception of waterproof motors (e.g. motors for underwater use) and those free of water accumulation inside, all motors should have appropriate dewatering measures to prevent accumulated water inside, which would reduce the clearance and creepage distance between windings/naked charged parts and ground. The air vents on the motor can also perform dewatering functions. When arranging water-discharge holes, their diameters should be no smaller than 3mm and conform to the requirements of 7.6.5.1.3 If motor is an integral part of other equipment, the functions of motor bedplate and outer cover (inclusive of junction box) can be performed by the equipment. 5.1.4 As to natural air-cooling motor, if built-in overheat protector is required, it should conform to GB/T 13002. 5.1.5 With the exception of open-type motors, it must be ensured that contact with the panel or covering of naked charged parts (AC30V, DC50V) is avoided. The panel or covering may only be opened with tool or keys. 5.2 Outer cover5.2.1 The materials of any component on the outer cover should be able to endure high temperatures and mechanical stress that may occur during normal working conditions, and should not incur fire or electric shock due to bending, creep, or deformation.5.2.2 Outer cover protection grading should conform to GB/T 4942.1-2001.5.3 Non-metallic structures5.3.1 Insulation structures for supporting and fixing current-carrying components should have good resistance to inflammation, heat, electric tracking, moisture, and adequate dielectric strength and mechanical strength.5.3.2 Non-metallic outer cover, windshield, and junction box should be able to endure humidity, grease, inflammation, and temperature variation. They should be able to withstand the impact test as in 7.8.3, the ageing test as in 7.11, the heat deformation test as in 7.12, and the burning test as in 7.13.5.3.3 The patch board and non-metallic junction box should be able to endure the temperatures no lower than that specified in Table 1.5.4 Junction box (for motors 750V) and wiring devices5.4.1 Junction box can be an independent component fixed on the exterior of motor, or serve, partially or wholly, as a part on the motor housing.5.4.2 Junction box should have appropriate volume in order to contain wiring devices, meeting the clearance and creepage distance requirements of 5.8, and be able to withstand the impulse voltage test as in 7.5.2.5.4.3 If made from metal, the junction box should have the thickness as specified in Table 2, and conform to the test requirements of 7.8.4.5.4.4 Non-metallic junction box should conform to 5.3.2.5.4.5 The fixing between junction box and motor housing should be separate from the fixing between junction box and its cover. 5.4.6 The protection grade of junction box on small motor should be no less than IP44.5.4.7 If wire conduit is used, it should be:a) No smaller than the sizes specified in Table 3, in consistence with the rated current marked on the motor;b) Placed in a flat, large enough area, to meet the requirements of bushing and locknut, unless the opening on the junction box is suitable for wire to pass through and bushing need not be used to protect wire insulation. 5.5 Conduit bushing and equivalent tapped hole5.5.1 Straight pipe or Taper pipe thread seal can be used for the tapped hole of conduit, with the screwing length no smaller than 3.5 pitches. The number of inlet tapped-hole should be specified in product standard description. The inlet holes should be equipped with insulation conduit and be sealed with rubber or similar material at the factory.5.5.2 Conduit bushing for a separately-cast junction box and tapped hole for fixing rigid metal conduit should have enough mechanical strength and be tested as per 7.8.5.5.6 Supply cord5.6.1 If the motor is equipped with supply cord, or for the purpose of easy connection to other equipment, flexible cables that extend outside the bedplate (housing) are supplied along with necessary plugs, the cord and plugs should conform to product standard or relevant standard of the equipment.5.6.2 Unless grounding is not required, there should be one earth lead among the cords. The earth lead (including the terminal) should bear a different color or symbol for easy distinction.5.6.3 The supply cord should have a rated voltage no smaller than the motors maximum working voltage. Its current-carrying capacity should at least be equal to load current multiplied by usage coefficient or full load rated current multiplied by 125%, whichever is the greater. The insulation of cord should be able to withstand the power-frequency voltage test related to this circuit.5.6.4 Unless there are measures to eliminate the possible tensile force or the supply cord is not exposed, insulation layer and clamps should be available where the cord extends out, in order to prevent external force passing onto the wires inside and avoid twisting or displacement of cords.5.6.5 Unless there are other protective measures, it must be ensured that cords do not withdraw into the motor.5.6.6 Clamps: cord clamps should be made of insulating material. If metal is present, there should be insulating lining. 5.6.7 Cord clamps should be examined for reliability and be able to withstand the tension and torsion tests as in 7.9.5.6.8 Cord should not be forced through the inlet opening so as to damage the insulation.5.6.9 The loose cables/cords in the junction box that are to be connected on site should be no shorter than 150mm in free length.5.7 Lead wire5.7.1 Lead wire types and sizesLead wire should have appropriate current-carrying capacity and length. Lead wires on coils or of similar purpose should conform to the following requirements:a) The lead wire for connecting to power supply should be no smaller than 0.75mm2 in cross-sectional area;b) The lead wires inside the motor, such as those which connect to internal components or power supply cords or patch board, can be smaller than 0.75mm2 but should be no smaller than 0.30mm2. 5.7.2 Lead wire insulation5.7.2.1 As for windings lead or brush holder lead, which is soft and cannot be positioned to ensure proper clearance, insulated conductor should be used or thermal- and moisture-resistant material should be used to wrap up continuously between two support points. The material can be insulating pad, insulating hose or other appropriate means. 5.7.2.2 The models and specifications of lead should fit the working voltage of motor. If instantaneous high tension may occur on any component during normal operation, the lead should have good insulating capability towards the high tension. 5.7.2.3 Lead should conform to relevant standard, with thermal withstanding grade no less than the insulation grade of the motor.5.7.3 Lead protection5.7.3.1 Internal lead (wire) should be properly fixed with windings. Two or more leads (wires) of the same alignment should be bound together. It should not be placed on the pointed or sharp edge of parts and stay away from movable parts.5.7.3.2 The connections of internal leads (wire) should be insulated with bushings and tapes and properly fixed, to prevent accident due to loose bushing or loose weld. The connections should be able to withstand the dielectric test as specified in 7.5. Lead (wire) and wire terminal should be joined with cold weld.5.7.3.3 Proper measures should be available to ensure wire terminals stay in their original position when connector bolts/nuts come loose. Open connector and lock washer should not be the only means.5.7.3.4 When stranded- lead (wire) is connected to terminal, it should stay in certain position, to avoid grounding or short circuit. 5.7.3.5 When internal lead (wire) goes through motor bedplate, insulators or other means should be used to ensure insulation at the bores. Insulators should be smooth, without burrs or sharp edge. Lead that passes through the external cooling chamber of hermetic motor should be protected with metallic cable conduit or similar pipes.5.8 Clearance and creepage distance of low voltage motors (for requirements on high voltage motors, see Chapter 9 of this standard)5.8.1 The clearance and creepage distance as described below should be no smaller than that specified in Table 4. Otherwise, they should conform to 5.8.25.8.5.a) Along the insulation material surface and through the air;b) Between naked charged part