Saussure‘s distinction of langue and parole.ppt

ThedifferencebetweenLangueandParole,黄舰影,FerdinanddeSaussureThedifferencebetweenLangueandParoleTherelationshipbetweenLangueandParole,FerdinanddeSaussure,FerdinanddeSaussure(1857-1913)wasaSwisslinguist.Hewasthepivotalfigure(中心人物)inthetransitionfromthe19thto20thcentury,andisgenerallyconsideredthefounderofmodernlinguisticsHewasborninGeneva(日内瓦),in1857,Switzerland.Byage15,hehadlearnedGreek,French,German,EnglishandLatin.Itwasnotuntil1906thatSaussurebeganteachingCourseinGeneralLinguisticsthatwouldconsumethegreaterpartofhisattentionuntilhisdeathin1913.,ThedifferencebetweenLangueandParole,Saussuredistinguishedthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakerandtheactualphenomenaordateoflinguistics(utterances)asLangueandParole.whileparoleconstitutestheimmediatelyaccessibledate,thelinguistsproperobjectisthelangueofeachcommunity,thelexicon,andphonologyimplantedineachindividualbyhisupbringinginsocietyandonthebasisofwhichhespeaksandunderstandshislanguage.,索绪尔将说话者的语言能力和语言的实际现象或语料区分为语言和言语。虽然言语是及时可得的材料，但语言学家研究的正确的对象是每个社团的语言，在这个社团中，个人在成长过程中被教授各种词汇，语法和语音，在这个基础上他们说话，理解他们的语言,Langue,alsoknownaslanguage,istheexchangeofinformationbetweenhumanbeings,whichincludesexpressionfromthespeakerandcomprehensionfromthelistener.Langueismoreofanabstractliteraryterm.Itexitsinthebrain,insteadofinthemouth.Itisagenerallyacceptedrulethatmakespeopleinacertainareaexpressandcomprehendamessageinacertainway.Paroleisthewordsthatpeopleusetocommunicate.,Jacksaid“Iloveyou”toRoseinthestreet.Thesentenceitselfistheparole.AndhowRoseunderstandthissentenceisallaboutthelangue.InChinese,“woaini”meansIhaveastrongfeelingforyou,andhopethatIcouldbetheonlyoneyoucare.Sothestorymaygolikethis:Holdingadiamondring,Jacksaid“Iloveyou”toRoseandproposedformarriage.WhileinAmerica,“Iloveyou”notonlycanbeusedbetweenloversbutalsocanbeusedbetweenfriends.Sothestorymayhaveatotallydifferentedition:ItwasChristmasday.Rosesentagifttoeveryfriend.Jackreceivedabasketball.Hewassoexcitedthathesaid,“Whatagift!Iloveyou,Rose!”Insuchacircumstance,“Iloveyou”isnotthemagicword,andnothinghappenedafterwards.,Aswecansee,thesamewordshavedifferentunderstandinginChineseRoseandAmericanRose.Itisthelanguethatmakesthedifference.Tobemorespecific,itishowpeopleintheareausethisphrasethatprovidestheunderstanding.,First,langueisabstractandparoleisconcrete.Parolehassoundandwrittenform,whichcanbesawandheard.Second,langueisagenerallyacceptedwayofcommunication.Itissocialandnational,whichcannotbeeasilychangedbyindividual.Apeoplesharethesamelangue.Ontheotherhand,paroleissimplyapersonalchoice.Amancanspeakinhisownstyle.Third,langueisrelativelyfixedandparoleistemporary.Onlywhenanewwordgainspublicrecognition,canitbeacceptedaspartofthelangue.,thedifferencebetweenlangueandparole,TherelationshipbetweenLangueandParole,langueandparolearecloselyrelated.languemakesparolecomprehensible,andparoleisanecessarypartoflangue.Withoutlangue,parolecanonlybecomemeaninglesssoundpattern.Withoutparole,Languecanonlyexpressverylimitedideas.Inthestudyoflinguistic,langueisthegoalandparoleisthetool.Fromthecollectionandanalysisofparole,wecouldhaveaninsightofthelangue.,Thankyou!,CourseinGeneralLinguistics普通语言学教程Itwasposthumouslypublishedin1916.ItisconsideredSaussuresmo