高三英语被动语态专题复习

高三英语被动语态专题复习英语有两种语态：主动语态(active voice) 和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。一、被动语态的构成 被动语态是由助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、单复数、时态的不同而变化。二、常见时态的被动语态（以下讲解以动词do为代表） 1. 一般现在时 主动语态：do 被动语态：am/is/are done We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom _ every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 Such songs _ usually _ by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。 Russian _ not _ in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。 2. 一般过去时 主动语态：did 被动语态：was/were done We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom _ yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 The window _ by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。 _ many trees _ on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗？ 3. 一般将来时 主动语态：will do被动语态：will be done We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。 The classroom _ soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 The work _ immediately. 这工作将马上做。 4. 现在进行时 主动语态：am/is/are doing 被动语态：am/is/are being done We are cleaning the classroom now. 我们现在正在打扫教室。 The classroom _ now. 教室现在正在被打扫。 A hospital _ in the centre of the town. 镇中心正在兴建一家医院。 5. 过去进行时 主动语态：was/were doing 被动语态：was/were being done We were cleaning the classroom this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们在打扫教室。 The classroom _ this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫。 The teaching plan _ at that time. 那时正在讨论教学计划。 The house _ when we arrived at his home. 我们到他家时，他家房子正在粉刷。 6. 现在完成时 主动语态：has/have done 被动语态：has/have been done The classroom looks tidy. We have cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫了。 The classroom looks tidy. It _. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫了。 Many foreign films _ on TV since last month. 上个月以来，电视中 播放了许多外国影片。 _ a new training centre _ in our town 我们镇上新的培训中心建好了吗？ 7. 过去完成时 主动语态：had done 被动语态：had been done The classroom looked tidy. We had cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫过了。 The classroom looked tidy. It _. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫过了。 His newly written novel _ into English by the end of last month.上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。 She told me that she _ by her boss. 她告诉我，她的老板已把她解雇了。 Her homework _ when I got home. 我到家的时候，她的作业还没有完成。同学们要注意的地方：1. “get+过去分词”结构 被动语态除常用“be +过去分词”构成外，还可用“get+过去分词”结构。这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果。 The boy got _ when he was riding to school. 那孩子骑车上学时受伤了。 Did your letter get answered 你收到回信了吗？2. 动词短语构成的被动语态注意：在使用被动语态时，千万不要遗漏句末的介词或副词。Such a bad habit should be got rid _. 这样的坏习惯应该改掉。All the important matters should be paid attention _. 所有重要的事情都得到了处理。3. 被动语态和系表结构的区别被动语态表示动作，而系表结构表状态；The cup was broken by a boy. (被动语态)The cup is broken. (系表结构)4. 含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+ be done”构成。 can/could/may/might/must/will/would/should/ought to + be done The machine must _(operate) with care. 这机器必须小心操作。 Such a sentence ought not to _(use) here. 这个句子不应该用在这里。 Whats done cannot be undone. 覆水难收。5. “be + 情感类动词” 结构表示的不是被动语态，而是表达“人觉得”常见的情感类动词有：惊 讶：astonish; amaze; shock; surprise恐 惧：terrify; scare; frighten失 望：disappoint; discourage鼓 励：encourage; inspire高 兴：delight; please; excite疲 劳： tire; exhaust感 动：move; touch迷 惑：confuse; puzzle放 松： relax其他：interest, satisfy, embarrass, bore, depress, worry, annoy例如：The story was so moving that everyone present was _(move) to tears.What disappointing result! We were all _(disappoint) with it.Climbing a hill was tiring and we were _(tire) when we reached the summit.6. 主动形式表被动意义(1)系动词 look，sound，feel，smell，taste，appear，seem，go，prove，turn，stay，become，fall，get，grow，keep形容词/名词构成系表结构。The steel _(feel) cold.铁块摸起来很凉。His plan _(prove) to be practical.他的计划证明很实用。(2)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，move等。Work _(begin) at 7 oclock this morning. 工作今早七点开始。The shop _(close) at 6 p.m. every day. 这家商店每天下午6点打烊。(3)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read，write，sell，wash等。The pen _(write) well. Can I use it for a while?The text _(read) so well that you will enjoy reading it more times.The cars made in Shanghai _(sell) so well that you must order one months ahead.Silk clothes _(wash) well. (Its easy to wash clothes made of silk动词的被动语态构成一览表（以do为例）常用被动语态动词形式常用被动语态动词形式一般现在时 现在进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 一般将来时 现在完成时 过去将来时 含有情态动词的 练习： 用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Its said(据说) that the long bridge_（build）in two months 2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now 3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_（not find）so far 5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down 6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 9. The knives _(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine _took_ (take) out of the library? 11. The room _ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime. 13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well. 15. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city? 16. The food _ (smell) delicious.17. Look! Someone _(dance).把下列主动语态的句子都改成被动语态：1. People grow tea in South China. 2. The children will si