逻辑术语汉英对照表

逻辑术语汉英对照表中文英文概念concept内涵intension外延extension反变关系counter-alter ralation单独概念unique concept普遍概念universal concept空概念empt concept集合概念collective concept非集合概念non-collective concept正概念positive concept负概念negative concept全同关系identical ralation真包含于关系truly included realton真包含关系true inclusion交叉关系insersecting relation全异关系disparate relation矛盾关系（概念间的）contradictory concept反对关系（概念间的）contrary concept欧拉图示Euler diagrams限制restriction概括generalization定义definition属加种差gens and difference集合set元素element有限集finite set无限集infinite set交换律commutatove law结合律associative law分配律distributive law德摩根律De Morgans laws命题proposition直言命题ccategorical proposition主词subject谓词predicate系词copulative量词quantifier周延性distribution对当关系opposition矛盾关系（命题间的）contradictory proposition反对关系（命题间的）contrariety下反对关系sub-contrariety差等关系hyponymy逻辑方阵logical square文恩图Venn diagrams关系命题relational proposition对称关系symmentrical relation反对称关系amti-symmetric relation非反对称关系non-symmetric relation传递关系reamsitive relation反传递关系anti-transitive relation非传递关系non-transitive relation联言命题associatove proposition选言命题disjuncitve proposition假言命题hypothetical proposition负命题negative proposition真值truth value真值表truth value table模态命题modal proposition规范命题mormative proposition同一律law of identity矛盾律law of contradiction排中律law of excluded middle悖论paradox推理inference演绎推理deductive inference归纳推理inductive inference换质法contraposition换位法coversion三段论syllogism三段论的格syllogistic figures三段论的式syllogistic mood关系推理relational inference联言推理associative inference选言推理disjunctive inference假言推理hypothetical inference负命题等值推理equivalence inference of negative proposition假言选言推理inference of hypothesis and disjunction假言联言推理inference of hypothesis and association反三段论anti-syllogism归谬推理inference of reduction to absurdity反证推理inference of reduction to absurdity归谬赋值法value assigned by reduction to absurdity命题自然推理nature inference of proposition谓词自然推理nature inference of predicate模态推理modal inference规范推理normative inference回溯推理reversal inference科学假说scientific hypothesis认证demonstration言语交际verbal communication逻辑符号一览表符号中文名称英文名称等于equal to不等于unequal to空集null setI全集compelte set属于belong to不属于not belong to包含于include包含truly included真包含于true include真包含true include并union交intersection补complementSAP全称肯定命题universal affirmative propositionSEP全称否定命题universal negative propositionSIP特称肯定命题subalterm positive propositionSOP特称否定命题subalterm negative propositionSap单称肯定命题singular affirmative propositionSep单称否定命题singular negative propositionR关系ralationR的逆关系inverse correlation of R合取conjunction相容析取compatile disjunction不相容析取incompatible disjuncton蕴涵implication反蕴涵counter-inplication互蕴涵mutual implication非（对命题的否定）negation of propositon非（对项的否定）negation of termsT真truthF假false可能possibillity必然necessaryO必须obligatoryP允许permissionF禁止forbiddenM中项middle term+存在existenceFa特定个体a有F的性质quality of F in specific individual aFx不确定个体x有F的性质quality of F in undefined individual xR(a,b)两特定个体a、b的R关系ralation of R in two specific individuals a