上海牛津英语8A总复习(配练习)

教学目标：8A词汇梳理，重点语法复习，课文重点讲解教学重点：重点句型的运用教学难点：被动语态教学过程：1、词汇（快速过）2、课文重点句型（详解）3、被动语态讲解4、家庭作业8A总复习Chaper 1A letter from a pen-friend 一封笔友的来信一 单词（略）Phrases1. at the end 在的末端2. be keen on 热心于做 热衷于3. play chess 下象棋4. twelve years old 5. a boy called Tom 一个名叫Tom 的男孩 a boy named Tom a boy with the name Tom 6. best wishes 最好的祝愿7. by +交通工具 = take +a/an +交通工具8. tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人别做某事9. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 like doing sth. mind /practice/finish/10. speak /tell /say/talk say 说 述说 speak 说话发言 电话来时用speaking talk 说 谈话 of/about tell 告诉 讲述 Sentence1. make it +adj. for sb. to do sth. it 形式宾语2. sth. +be+ to do 动词不定式做表语3. I hope you will write to me soon . 我希望你尽快给我回信 hope 有可能实现的愿望 wish 不大可能实现的愿望hope to do 希望做某事 wish sb. to do 希望某人做.二 重点难点解析 (课本)四 语法讲解 1特殊疑问句 （略）2冠词 冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The Definite Article）a, an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。 an, a是不定冠词，仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念。a用在以辅音（指辅音音素）开头的词前， an用在以元音（指元素音素）开头的词前。a+名词单数，表示一个，或者某一，an一般用于元音字母开头的单词，作用和a一样，the+名词表示特指，the+形容词，表示一类人或者事物。a和an是不定冠词，修饰泛指名词。只不过以元音开头的名词用an修饰 翻译成“一个”。the是定冠词，修饰特指名词 翻译成“这个”。1） 不定冠词在句子中最大的语法功能是：用在可数名词的单数形式前表示泛指-表明一类人或事物区别于它类。例：I am a Chinese. 我是(一个)中国人。This is a book. 这是（一本）书。2）为了读音的方便，在以元音音素开头的可数名词的单数名词前用an而不用a。当我们使用an时，条件有三：这个名词的读音必须是以元音音素开头-即它的 音标的第一个音素是元音，而不是说它是以元音字母开头。它必须是个可数名词。它还必须是个单数名词。我们常常见到这类用法：a university 一所大学 an hour 一个小时an orange 一只桔子 an engineer 一位工程师an ordinary man一个普通人an honest person一位诚实的人3）定冠词在句子中，既可以用于可数名词前，也可以用于不可数名词前；既用在可数名词的单数形式前，也用在可数名词的复数形式前。从表达意义上讲，它既可表达this, that之意义，也可表达these, those之意义。例：This is the very ink Im going to buy. 这正是我要买的那种墨水。The words on the blackboard are to be learned next time. 黑板上的这些单字是下次课要学的。不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是一个的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作e，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做1) 表示一个，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.2) 代表一类人或物。A knife is a tool for cutting with.Mr. Smith is an engineer.3) 词组或成语。a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden如果泛指某物,用a,/an,具体指某物的话，用the.Chapter 2A day in the life ofwhiz一kid Wendy神童温迪的一天一 单词（略）Phrases 词组1 get up 起床 get on 上车 get off 下车 get back 返回 2 Put on (强调动作) take off 脱下 wear (强调状态) in+ 衣服名词/ 颜色 with 眼镜手套之类的 （不可与衣服搭配） 3.over breakfast 吃早餐时 4.work on 从事.的研究 out of work 失业 at work 在工作 a piece of work 一份工作 work out 解决 找到答案 a job 一分工作 5.make phone calls 打电话 telephone sb. call sb. make a phone call to sb. call sb. up 6On the way 在路上 on ones way (to )在.的路上 In the/ones way to 挡在路上 7twice a week 一周两次 once a week three times a week 8. ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 ask sb. not to do 要求某人不要做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 tell sb. not do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事 9have dinner with sb. 与某人共进晚餐 10. continue doing sth. 继续做某事（该件事情已经做了一部分继续做相同的事情） continue to do sth. 继续做某事（从一件事情到另外一件事情） Tom will continue to do his homework after dinner . Tom will continue doing his homework for another two hours . Sentences 句子1. must be 一定(对现在情况的肯定猜测) cant be 不可能是（对现在情况的否定猜测）2. one of the + 形容词最高级 +可数名词复数 “最.之一” （谓语动词三人称单数）3. before 在之前 the day before yesterday 前天 the day after tomorrow 后天 (1) before 在.前面 在之前 after在.之后 (2) before 从过去某时间的“以前” 那时以前 ago 以现在为基准（现在以前） 4.because 因为 （后接句子） because of 因为 二 重点难点解析 （课本）三 语法讲解 一般现在时 （略）Chapter 3Dealing with troubles 处理麻烦事一 单词（略）Phrases 1. deal with 对待 处理 （与how 连用 强调 方法） 涉及 同做生意 do with 对待 处理（ 与what 连用 强调对象）2. about /on 在涉及文章,书籍,谈话,演说,报告等有关内容时,两者可通用。about 表示的内容较为普通,不那么正式,on用于较正式的场合 3. write about 写关于.的事情 write back to 回信给 write down 写下 记下 put down write in 用（颜色）写write on .将.写在.上 write with 用.(书写工具) 写4. wait for 等候 wait and see 等着瞧 wait up 不睡觉等候 5. shout at 冲嚷嚷(吼叫)6. hold out 伸出 提供 7. be in 在.里 be up in 在上面的.里 be down in 在下面的.里 8. begin / start doing sth. 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doingbegin/ start to do sth. 开始做某事9. run away 逃跑 10. go after 跟踪 11. meet the feery 接这艘渡轮12. put down 把放下13. stand around 围着.站立 Sentences 1. 与过去进行时连用的时间状语 2. heard sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在干某事 heard sb. do sth.听到某人做了某事3. No one knows what was happening . 没人知道发生了什么事。4. Whats going on ? Whats up? Whats happening ? 发生什么事了？ 二 重点难点解析 (课本)四 语法讲解 一般过去时 （略）Chapter 4Numbers：Everyones language 数字：每个人的语言一 单词（略）Phrase 词组 1. at least 至少 无论如何 反义词组： at most 至多 2. in many different ways 用许多不同的方法 3. in tens 十进位法 4. like lightning 闪电般地 眨眼间 like 像.一样 5. in a flash 转眼间 眨眼之间 Sentences 句子1. because conj. 因为because / since/ as /forbecause: 表示直接的原因 回答why 的提问 其后加句子 because of 后加 名词 动名词 代词 及 词组since :因为既然 侧重主句 从句表示显然或已知的理由as 由于 鉴于 主从句并重 从句说明原因 主句说明结果for 因为 由于 说明附加或推断的理由其前常用逗号 for 及其后的句子不放在句首（ because 和so 不能连用 ，although / though 不可与but 连用 ）2. so + adj./ adv. 原级 that 如此.以至于. too + adj./ adv. 原级 to 太.而不能not + adj./ adv. 原级 enough to do 做某事不够. 温馨提示：如果三者转换同义句时： She is too young to move the box . = She is so young that she cant move the box.= She isnt old enough to move the box . So that 以便 目的是 3. more + adj. than 4. if 引导的条件句 （主将从现） if/ whether是否 1在带to的动词不定式前。例如： She hasnt decided whether to go or not她还没有决定去还是不去。 He doesnt know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home他不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。 2在介词后面。例如： Im thinking of whether we should go fishing我在想我们是否该去钓鱼。 Im not interested in whether shell come or not她来不来，我不感兴趣。 3直接与or not连用时。例如： I cant say whether or no the will come on time他能否准时来，我说不准。 I dont know whether or not they will come to help us我不知道他们是否会来帮助我们。 4在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中。例如： We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week我们讨论下周我们是否举行运动会。 5宾语从句提前时只能用whether。例如： Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是不是真的，我说不准。 6引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用 whether。例如： Whether he is right or wrong is a question他是对还是错仍是个问题。 The question was whether he went there last night问题是他昨晚去没去那里。1引导条件状语从句，if意为“如果”时，不可用 whether代替。例如： We will go swimming if it is fine tomorrow如果明天天气好，我们将去游泳。 Well go hiking ifit doesnt rain tomorrow如果明天不下雨，我们将去徒步旅行。 2引导否定概念的宾语从句时一般用if。例如： He asked me if I hadnt finished my homework他问我是否没有完成作业。 3状语从句中的even if（即使）和as if（好像）中的if不能用whether来替代。例如： Ill not let you watch TV even if youre free即使你有空，我也不让你看电视。 He talks as if he knew all about it他说话的口气好像他全部都已知道了。 二 重点难点解析 (课本)Chapter：5Look it up！查查看一 单词（略）sentences 句子1. be +比较级+than 2. Nobody know her, do they?3. as +adj./adv. 原级+ as 与.一样(用于肯定否定即可) not so +adj./adv. 原级+ as （用于否定）4. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事5. 被动语态在各大时态中的结构及运用 (1) 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词。 (2) 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词。 (3) 现在进行时：am/is/are being +过去分词 (4) 过去进行时：was/were/being +过去分词。 (5) 一般将来时：will be +过去分词。 (6) 过去将来时：would be +过去分词。 (7) 现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词。 (8) 过去完在时：had been +过去分词。英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。如：They speak English.他们讲英语。主语“他们”是“讲”这一行为的执行者，是主动句，动词用主动语态来表示；English is spoken by them.英语由他们讲。主语“英语”是“讲”的承受者，是被动句，动词用被动语态的形式。He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 一、 被动语态的构成1、 助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。二、 主动语态变被动语态1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. 主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。（2）将动词改为be+过去分词。They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。He sang a song. A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.三、 各种时态的被动语态1、 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。2、 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。3、 一般将来时：will be+过去分词The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。4、 现在进行时：am/is/are +being + 过去分词The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。5、 过去进行时：was/were +being + 过去分词The talk was being given at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候正在作报告。6、 现在完成时：have/has been+过去分词The flowers have been watered.这些花已经被浇了。7、 过去完成时：had been+过去分词She said this lift had never been used.8、 过去将来时：would be+过去分词The film would be shown again sometime next week. 这部电影下周的某个时候又将上映。9、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 四、 被动语态的特殊用法1、 不及物动词不用于被动语态。Appear, rise, die, happen, occur, lie, depart, belong to, break out, take place等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。2、 表状态动词不用于被动语态常见的有：hold, have, cost, contain, become, ail, look like等3、 某些动词的进行时可表被动The meat is cooking.肉在煮着。The cakes are baking,蛋糕在烘。The book is printing.这本书正在印刷。4、 主动形式表被动意义。1）某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。如：look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。2）动名词的主动形式表示被动语态。如：want, deserve, need, require, take, worth等The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。3)某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。The conversation is hard to understand.对这话很难理解。The fish is not easy to fish.鱼不容易钓。The passage is difficult to read.这段文章很难读懂。1. ( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( ) 3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used2( ) 1 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 2 -Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold( ) 3 A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 4 The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 5 Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 6 His new book_ next month.A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published3( ) 1 Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 2 These papers_yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written( ) 3 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt4( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?( ) 2 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D . Are( ) 3 _ these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do二 重点难点解析 (课本)三 语法讲解 I指示代词（this, that, these, those) 指示代词有单、复数之分。特指名词的单数用this（近）/that（远）；特指名词的复数用these（近）/those（远）。Is this your book? Yes，it isIs that your bike? No，it isnt。 Are these your pencils? Yes，they areAre those your parents? No，they arent 2可数名词和不可数名词 Chapter 6Nobody wins（Part I）没有人赢（第一部分）一 单词（略）Phrases 词组1. run out of 用完 run out of 从跑出来 run out 不能用于被动语态2. be closed to 离.近 3. two storeys high 两层楼高4. get out of 从.出去5. begin/start to do sth 开始做某事 begin / start doing sth. 开始做某事 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.6. in peace 处于和平 come in peace 怀着善意而来7. in pieces 变成碎片8. do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙 give sb. a hand 9. turn our blood to ice 使我们毛骨悚然10. look like 看上去像二 重点难点解析 (课本)语法讲解 一般将来时 （略）Chapter 7Nobody wins（Part II）没有人赢（第二部分）一 单词（略）Phrases 词组1. lie down 躺下2. fall asleep 入睡 go to bed 去睡觉（动作） 3. use ones brain 动脑4. go back to 回到5. make sure 确信 确定 make sure of/ about sth. make sure that 从句 6. climb into 爬进7. one by one 一次一个 8. be done for 完蛋9. go out 熄灭 出门参加社交活动 停止工作 罢工10. 与go 相关的词组; go away 离开 go ahead 开始 进行 go by 经过 过去 go over 检查复习 11. be finished 被杀 被毁灭二 重点难点解析 (课本)三 语法讲解 1 用介词表示方位： 介词经常用来表示方位：in在里面，on在上面，under/below在下方，above/ove：在上方，beside在旁边，next to紧挨着，between（两者之间）/among（三者以上）在中间，in front of在前面behind在后面，opposite在对面 2 不定代词： 不定代词some, something, somebody, someone常用于肯定句；any, anything,anybody, anyone常用于否定句或疑问句，用于肯定句时表示任何人/物；无论谁什么。当不定代词充当主语时，动词常用单数形式；修饰不定代词的形容词放在其后作后置定语。 e. g. anything interesting/something important/nothing wrong Vocabulary and Grammar I. Choose the best answer. 18%( )1There is _ “u” in _ word “university”. A. an, an B. an, the C. a, a D. a, the( )2. The mechanic _the garage very late. He had to_ the tools borrowed from his friends last Tuesday. A .returned, return to B. returned, return C. returned to, return to D. returned to, return ( )3. What _ weather it is today!A. pleasedB. pleasureC. pleaseD. pleasant( )4. “Be _,” the teacher said to us _ angrily.A. quiet, quietlyB. quite, quiteC. quiet, quiteD. quietly, quiet( )5. The Macao Red Cross _ 1.3 million U.S. dollars for tsunami victims（海啸遇难者）. A. has risen B. was raised C. has raised D. rose( )6. This T- shirt is much too large for me. Could you show me_ one? A. other B. another C. others D. the other( )7. -_do you like the Grand Theatre?AWhat B. When C. Where D. How( )8. I dont want _ lies.A. that tell youB. you to tellC. to you tellD. tell you( )9. The thief _ a bag from the lady in the street yesterday.A. robbedB. caughtC. stoleD. lifted( )10. The students of Class Two visited a _ last Friday.A. dairyB. diaryC. dailyD. diaries( )11. There is still half an hour, you _ leave so early.A. cantB. neednt C. shouldntD. mustnt( )12. Janes idea sounds more interesting than _.A. JackB. yourC. yoursD. her( )13. Mike didnt know _ the problem.A. how to doB. how to do withB. how to deal withD. what to deal with( )14. The man gave _ details to the police and then put down the telephone.A. much moreB. some moreC. anotherD. one more( )15. I heard the noise and went out to see _.A. what was happeningB. what