初中英语语法讲解课件

初中英语语法讲解课件 初中英语语法动词的时态总复习 动词的时态结构歌谣 一般时 一般现在时，动词用原型； 单数三人称，谓语动词尾+s/es 。 一般过去时，动词用过去式。 I work. He works. I worked. am,is,are,-ing。现在进行时,例句：I am working. was,were,-ing。过去进行时,例句：I was working. 将来时 一般将来时，will加原型。I will work. would加原型,过去将来时，I would work. 完成时 现在完成时，have/has加过分。I have worked. 过去完成时，had 加过分。I had worked. 各种时态的用法 一、一般现在时 1.用法：A.现在经常性的动作或状态 B.客观事实和真理。 2.标志词:always,usually,often, sometimes, never,every day /week /month/year/? 1.The boy usually_(get) to school early. 2.Light _(travel)faster than sound. 二、一般过去时 1.用法：过去的动作或状态。 2.标志词：yesterday,the day before yesterday, three days ago, last night/week/month?,in the past；just now=a moment ago The last time I _ to the cinema was two years ago. A.go B.have goneC.have beenD.went 三、现在进行时 1.用法：A.现刻动作：目前正在发生的动作。 B.现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。 2.标志词：now,Look! Listen! 中考模拟： -Mike, who_football in the yard? -Let me go and see. A.has playedB.will playC.was playingD.is playing 1.Look!What_the children_ over there? A.are;do B.are;doing C.is;do D.is doing 2.Those workers_here these months. A.are workB.are worked C.work D.are working 3.Listen! The phone _. Please go to answer it. A.rings B.rang C.will ring D.is ringing 4.-Must I water the flowers now? -No, you neednt. Jack_them. A.is wateringB.wateringC.waters D.is watered 四、过去进行时 1.用法：过去某时正在进行的动作。 2.标志词：at that time,this time yesterday,then,when? 1.I _ along the road when I saw Peter. So we stopped and had a chat. A. walkedB.was walkingC. would walk D. had walked 2. Amy,I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered the phone. Oh, I _ a walk with my mother at that time. A.take B.was takingC.am taking D.took 五、一般将来时 1.用法：将来的动作或状态。 2.结构：will/ shall/ be going to+V.(原型) 3.标志词：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in three days,in (the) future,next week/month/term?, from now on （第一人称） 4.shall/will/be going to之间的区别： 1.计划决定要做某事，一般用be going to do 结构。 2.will常用于表邀请或命令时以及带有意愿色彩。 3 shall往往用于第一人称疑问句, will可用于任何人称。 1.There_two meetings tomorrow afternoon. A.are going to beB.are going to have C.is going to be D.will have 2.The twins_to the cinema with their parents tonight. A.will go B.would go C.are go D.went 3.-When_we have the meeting? -At 8. A.are B.shall C.would D.will 4.-When_you_for London? -Next week. A.will;leaving B.are;leaving C.shall;leave D.have;left 六、过去将来时 1.用法：从过去看将要发生的动作。 2.结构：would, was/were/going to+v.(原型) 1.-What did he say yesterday? -He said he_to Sydney next week. A.goes B.will go C.would goD.are going 2.-Did your son fail his English exam once again? -Yes, but he told me he_hard next term. A.studies B.is studying C.will studyD.would study 七、现在完成时 1.现在完成时基本含义 过去的动作对现在的影响。 I have finished my homework. 过去的动作持续到现在。 I have stayed here for an hour！ 2.标志词： already, just, yet, ever, never, so far(till now/up to now), recently, in the past 3 years, before, since+时间点,for+时间段 3.现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点： 共同点：动作都在过去。 不同点：和现在有无关系。(与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。) 4.易错点： have gone to+地点,表示“已去了某地”。（人在旅途。只用于第三人称。） They have gone to Europe. (They are not here.) have been to+地点,表示“曾去过某地”。（人已回） I have been to Europe. (I am not in Europe now.) have been in+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”。 I have been in Europe for three weeks. (I am now still in Europe .) 5.瞬间动词和延续性动词 用表格里的词的适当形式填空 1.The film began 5 minutes ago. The film_ _ _ for 5 minutes. 2.They left an hour ago. They_ _ _for an hour. 3.The man died a week ago. The man_ _ _ for a week. 5.I borrowed the book a week ago. I_ _the book for a week. 6.I bought the car a year ago.I_ _the car since a year ago. 单项选择 1.-What a nice bike! How long_you_it? -Just two weeks. A.will;buy B.did;buy C.are;having D.have;had 2.-How long have you_here? -Since 1997. A.arrivedB.moved C.eD.lived 3.-I cant find my pen._you_it anywhere? -No.Look!Whats that under your book? A.Have;seen B.Do;see C.Did;see D.Had;seen 4.-Im sorry to have kept you waiting. -Oh,not at all.I_here for only a few minutes. A.will be B.was C.am D.have been 5.I wont go to see the film because I_the ticket. A.lost B.have lost C.will lost D.didnt lost 八、过去完成时 1.用法：发生在 过去的过去的动作。 They had got married when he came back. 2.标志词： by the end of?,by the time?,when+一般过去时 过去完成时是一种相对存在的时态，判定时必须根据上下文找到一个可以作为参照点的过去时间，在此参照点前发生的动作都可以用过去完成时。 单项选择 1.We_learning 1000 words by the end of last term. A.finishedB.have finished C.had finished D.finish 2.The train_when we got to the station. A.leavesB.have left C.were leaving D.had left 3.By the time he returned,his son_supper. A.cooks B.had cooked C.has cooked D.was cooking 认真理解以上八种时态，选择填空 1.Sorry,I_to help you at ten.I was busy at the moment. A.wont eB.cant e C.didnt eD.shouldnt e 2.He_this pen for five years.He_it in 1997. A.has bought,bought. B.bought,bought C.has kept,has bought D.has had,bought 3.She_the flowers in the garden when I_to see her yesterday. A.watered，wentB.was watering， went C.watered，was goingD.was watering，was going 4.I don t know if my friend_.If he _,Ill let you know. A.es,es B.es, will e C.will e,es D.will e,will e 5.John said he_ supper.He was quite full. A.had hadB.was having C.had D.has eaten 6.There_two parties next week. A.are going to be B.are going to have C.is going to be D.will have 7.It_10 years since I_here. A.is,eB.is,have e C.was,came D.is,came 8.-Kate likes eating chocolate. -_. Look, she is eating. A.So Lucy does C.So they doB.So does Lucy D.So do they 9.Kate_to bed until her mother_back. A.wont go,eB.hadnt gone, came C.went,came D.didnt go,came 10.His brother_from home for a long time. A.has leftB.has been away C.left 11.-Lucy,_you_your ticket? -Not yet. A.did;findB.have;found C.has;found 12.-_to the United States? -No,never,but I went to Canada a few years ago. A.Have you been C.Did you go A.will;foundB.Have you gone D.Have you went C.is;foundD.had;been foundD.do;findD.will leave 13.The man who lived on the island thought he_ never_. B.would;be found 14. -I dont know if his uncle_. -I think he_if it doesnt rain. A.will e; es C.es; esB.will e; will e D.es; will e 15.-Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning,_? -No,she got up too late. A.had she B.hadnt sheC.did she D.didnt she 16.The flowers_well if they_. A.wont grow; dont take good care of B.dont grow; are taken good care of C. wont grow; are not taken care of D. dont grow; dont take care of 17.-Hurry up! Its time to leave. -OK,_. A.Im ing A.was B.Ill e C.Ive e D.I e C.will have D.are going to be 18.There_an English evening next Tuesday. B.will be 19. I must return the camera to Li Lei, I_it for two weeks. A.keep B.borrowed C.have kept D.have lent 20.-When_ this kind of puter_? -Last year. A.did; useB.was; used C.is; used 21.-Jerry,_you_your lost book? -Not yet. A.did;findB.have;found C.has; found D.do;find 22.-Dont forget to post this letter for me,please! -No, I_. A.dont B.wont C.mustnt D.cant 23.Do you know if_back next week? If he_back,please let me know. A.he es, will e C.he will e; es D.are; used B.will he e; es D.will he e, will e 一名词 I. 名词的种类： II. 名词的数： 1. 规则名词的复数形式： 名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下： 2. 不规则名词复数： 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下： III. 名词的所有格： 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. s所有格的构成： 2. s所有格的用法： 3. of所有格的用法： 用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 二冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 II. 定冠词的用法： III. 零冠词的用法： 三代词： I. 代词可以分为以下七大类： II. 不定代词用法注意点： 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。 One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks? No, I dont have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas?Could you give me some money? 3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. 4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。 There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today? 2. each和every: each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。 Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary. Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points. 3. none和no： no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。 There is no water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle? None. None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. 4. other和another: 1) other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如： He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other. Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam. 2) another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如： I dont like this shirt, please show me another (one). The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others. Some like football, while others like basketball. 5. all和both, neither和either all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher. 第二部分 历届试题精选 Unit 1 1. jack, good boy! Please pass _ the glasses. I want to read the newspaper. A. you B. meC. himD. her 2.This morning I had _ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast. A. anB. a C. theD.不填 冠词 不定冠词 3. How many _ can you see in the following pictures? Three. A. boys B. animals C. films D. buildings 4. Timmy goes to school _ every day. Its 5 minutes walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat 5. Everything is _ at night markets. You dont need a lot of money to have a good time. A. cheapB. bad C. tired D. dear 6. Excuse me, _ is the nearest bookshop? Go down the street and turn left at the second corner. A. how B. what C. where D. who 7. The sign ? tells us _. A. NO SMOKING B. NO PARKING C. NO PHOTOS D. NO FOOD 8. Can you play football? Yes, I can, _ I cant play it very well. 转折关系 A. orB. and C. so D. but 9. Last month, students had to have their lessons by inter _ because of SARS. A. on the playground B. at home C. in the streetD. near the hospital 10. It is _ today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon? A .the hottestB. hot C. hottestD. hotter 最高级要加the，由于hot为重读闭音节所以要双写t加est。 11. Listen! Some of the girls _ about Harry Potter. Lets join them! A. are talkingB. talk C. will talk D. talked 出现listen,look等词，优先考虑使用进行时态。 12. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Bei _g xx Olympics. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 数字+thousand原形正确 Thousands of 正确，其他形式不正确 13. Our teacher, Miss Chen, _ English on the radio the day before yesterday. A. teachesB. taught C. will teach D. had taught 14. Do you know _ during the ing summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did 考虑两点问题就能解题： 1语序：陈述语序 2时态：看时间状语 15. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. littleC. a few D. few 判断标准： 1Little few的区别 2肯定还是否定 16. I dont think I _ you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see 17. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures _ a camera. A. as B. for C. like D. of 18. You want _ sandwich? Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry. A. other B. another C. othersD. the other 19. Dont you think you should paint the wall? Who would _? A. seeB. look C. watch D. notice 20. I forgot to bring my notebook. _. You can borrow some paper from me. A. Help yourself B. Im sorry C. No problem D. So careless 答案：Unit 1 BABCA CADBD ADBCD ACBDC Unit 2 1. That girl is new in our class. Do you know _ name? A. herB. she C. he D. his 2. Look! there _ some apples in that tree. A. is B. was C. are D. were 判断条件： 1倒装真正的主语的单数复数 2时态 3. Can you play with a yo-yo, Jim? Yes, I _ . Its easy. A. must B. canC. needD. may Can与may的区别：can表示自身能力，may表示许可 4. Id like something to read. Would you please pass me the _? A. pen B. box C. ruler D. book 5. The puter is very useful in our life, _ it? A. isnt B. wasnt C. hasnt D. doesnt 反意疑问句中提问部分助动词和主句要一致 6. _ is a ticket for the film hacker II? About forty Yuan. A. How old B. How manyC. How muchD. How often 7. September 10th is _. A. Womens Day B. Childrens Day C. Mid-autumn DayD. Teachers Day 8. Be careful, _ you will fall off the tree. A. so B. orC. butD. and 9. Li Lei did very well in the English exam. Oh, yeah! He is _ English. A. weak in B. angry with C. good at D. afraid of 10. She will have a holiday as soon as she _ the work next week. A. finishesB. doesnt finish C. will finish D. wont finish 条件句中一般现在时表示将来时态为的考察重点内容 11. This second-hand camera is much _ than that new one. A. cheap B. cheaper C. dear D. dearest 12. Where is Mr. Green now? I havent seen him for a few days. He _ Hong Kong. A. has been toB. had been to C. had gone toD. has gone to 注意：been to 在考试中从来没有作为正确选项 13. Could you let me know _ yesterday? Because the traffic was heavy. A. why did you e lateB. why you came late C. why do you e late D. why you e late 14. Its too dark here. P