定语从句考点透视.ppt

定语从句,一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句。被修饰限定的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。定语从句可分为两种，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。,基本概念,why原因状语,关系词,关系代词,关系副词,thatwhichwhomwhoseas,whenwhy,who,where,正确使用关系词,主语宾语表语定语,状语,指代,人或物,功能,指代,时间地点原因,功能,(只有that,why不能引导非限制性从句),(主句)ThegirlisMary.,1.Thegirlisreadingabook.,2.Everyonelikesthegirl.,ThegirlisMary.,whoisreadingabook,whomeveryonelikes,3.Thegirlshairisgold.,whosehairisgold,that,who,that,(),(主句)Thebookisonthedesk.,1.ThebookbelongstoMary.,2.Marylikesthebookmost.,3.Thebookscoverisblue.,Thebookisonthedesk.,whichbelongstoMary,whichMarylikesmost,whosecoverisblue,that,that,(),关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that?,考点一,1.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.2.Thereisnodifficultythatwecantovercome.3.ThisisthefirstletterthatIvewritteninEnglish.4.ThisisthemostexcitingtripthatIhaveeverexperienced.5.Theytalkedabouttheteachersandtheschools(that)theyhadvisited.,1)当先行词是不定代词时，如：all,few,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none等。,2)先行词前有no,all,few,little,theonly,oneof,every,very等词修饰时。,3）先行词是序数词或被序数词first,last,next等修饰时。,4）先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词的最高级修饰时。,5）当先行词既有人又有物时。,只用that不用which的情况：,A)thatB)whichC)whoD)whomE)省略,多项选择1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything_Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel_Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_canfrightenme.,A,A,AE,A,AE,有哪些情况关系代词不用that，而用which，who，whom?,考点二,1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.,Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_madehisparentsveryangry.YesterdayIboughtadictionary,_costmemorethan100yuan.Mr.Smith,_gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,_Ihaventmetforalongtime.,which,which,who,whom,Fillintheblanks,1.Herbag,in_sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.2.Thisistheringon_shespent1000dollars.3.XiaoWang,with_Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyedhimselfverymuch.,2、在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom.,which,which,whom,在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词?,考点三,1.Thegirl_whomhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.2.Heistheman_whomIthinkyoucandepend.3.Hereferredtosomereferencebooks_whichIamnotveryfamiliar.,方法1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配,for,on,with,Fillintheblanks,方法2.看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭配,1.Hemadeaholeinthewall,_whichhecouldseewhatwasgoingonoutsidethehouse.2.Thelibrarian_whomIjustshookhandsworksheartandsoul.,through,with,方法3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配,1.Therate_whichwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.2.Thisisourclassroom,_（在前面）whichthereisateachersdesk.,at,inthefrontof,关系副词,When=on(in,during)which,where=on(in,infrontof)which,Why=forwhich,关系副词与介词+关系代词的替代,名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom知多少?,考点四,1.Thecommitteeconsistsof20membersand5ofthemarewomen.2.Thebookcontains50poems,andmostofthemwerewrittenin1930s.3.Ihaveasentence,andthemeaningofitIdontunderstand.,Thecommitteeconsistsof20members,5ofwhomarewomen.,Thebookcontains50poems,mostofwhichwerewrittenin1930s.,Ihaveasentence,themeaningofwhichIdontunderstand.,Rewritethefollowingsentences,名词/代词/数词+of表示物用which表示人用whom,Conclusion,如何恰当使用when,where,why与which,that引导的定语从句?,考点五,1.先行词是表示地点,时间,原因的名词或含有地点,时间,原因意义的抽象名词，用来引导定语从句.when,where,why在从句中作状语相当于相应的介词+which,2.若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,Conclusion,Thelibrary_youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.,Thisisthetown_Ispentmychildhood.,where/inwhich,(which/that),Illneverforgettheday_wefirstmetinthepark.Illneverforgetthetime_Ispentwithyou.,when/onwhich,(which/that),Thisisthereason_Ididntcomehere.,why/forwhich,Thereason_shegavewasnottrue.,(which/that),如何用好whose引导的定语从句?,考点六,whose表示所属关系,Theriver_banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.,whose,Thereareinthisclass20students,_aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose,as和which的区别知多少？,考点七,as引导的限制性定语从句,此时先行词前常被such,thesame,so,as修饰，即构成suchas,thesameas,soas,asas结构，做题时容易忽略。提示：在做有关定语从句题目时，如果选项中出现as,请先考虑是否考查as引导的定语从句。,as作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语.,1、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as和which可以换用。Helefther,_wasstrange.2、as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。_everyoneknows,TomisgoodatEnglish.3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as作主语。asissaid/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussed等。_isknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.4、as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as:,as/which,As,As,asiswellknown/isknowntoallashasbeensaidbeforeashasbeenalreadypointedoutasweallcanseeasisexpected/hoped/supposedasisoftenthecase,as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有,众所周知,如前所述,正如已经指出的,正如我们所看到的,正如所盼望的/希望的/料想的,情况常常如此,5、which引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。Thedecisionwasright,whichwasexactlywhathewanted.6、which引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。Thefootballmatch,whichIwatchedyesterday,isveryinteresting.,as引导的非限制性定语从句,Theearthisround._isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_isknowntoall._isknowntoall,theearthisround._isknowntoallthattheearthisround.,It,which/as,As,It,as具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected,定语从句在句首时只能用as,四.as在定语从句中的灵活运用,as引导的限制性定语从句,Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllikeit.,as,that,Pleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),1.定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。试比较：Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_herejustnow.Heisoneofthestudentswho_herejustnow.2.定语从句与并列结构。试比较：Hehastwosons,neitherof_lookslikehim.Hehastwosons,andneitherof_lookslikehim.,考点八定语从句运用中的注意点,was,were,whom,them,3、是用theone还是用that,which,where.（1）Isthisschool_youstudy?（2）Isthistheschool_youstudyin?（3）Isthistheschool_youstudy?（4）Isthisschool_isaseniorone?A.that/whichB.whereC.theoneD.theonewhereE.theonethat/which遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用theone的形式，接着再看theone在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用theonewhere，若作主语或宾语时，则用theone(that/which),D,A,B,E,4、是用when还是用that,which（1）May1istheday_wespenttogether.（2）May1istheday_ijoinedthearmy.A.that/whichB.when当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用when,若作主语或宾语时，就用that/which.,A,B,5.where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。如：1)Ivecometothepoint_Icantstandhim.2)Hesgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.在这两句中，where引导的定语从句分别修饰point和situation,表示抽象意义“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。occasion,state,case,condition,stage,where,where,6、定语从句与强调结构的区别（1）Itwasinthishouse_hewasborn.（2）Itwasthehouse_hewasborn.（3）Itwasinthehouse_heusedtoliveinthattheexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉itis/wasthat,若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。,B,A,C,7、定语从句与其他从句的区别（1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句，试比较：Youshouldleavethetoywhereyoucanfind.Istillrememberthebusstopwhere/atwhichImetyou.（2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。试比