2019-2020学年北京高三英语学习专题 语法：介词、连词、派生专题

海淀区小学教师在线研修课程,介词、连词、派生,高三年级英语学科,介词的核心含义及引申,基于语篇的介词推断,并列连词的语篇功能,基于语篇的派生规则,（一）介词的核心意义,across：Hewalkedacrossthefield.（fromonesidetotheother）Agrinspreadacrossherface.(fromonesidetootherother)Theresabankrightacrossthestreet.(ontheotherside)Itstootightacrosstheback.(onoroverapartofthebody)Herfamilyisscatteredacrossthecountry.(ineverypartofaplace),onputitonthetable.(intoapositionthattouchesthesurface)Theclockonthewallshowedoneminutetotwelve.（attach）Shewasstandingononefoot.(partofyourbodyissupportingyourweight)Icameonmybike.(meansoftransport)Weliveinatownonthecoast.（atornearaplace）Helivedonadietofwaterandcannedfish.(eatingordrinking)Wespokeonthephone.(bymeansof),Doyouthinkthisshirtistootight_theshoulders?（2012年北京卷）Heraisedhimself_hiselbows,squintingintothesun.,across,on,从一边到另一边，横跨,接触与支撑,（一）介词的核心意义(空间关系),Thesunis_themountainintheeast.Heleaneddownandkissedherlightly_themouth.TheGreatWallwindsitswayfromwesttoeast,_desserts,_mountains,_valleys,tillatlastitreachesthesea.Itwascoldoutsidebutthedoorwouldntstayshut,soIputachair_it.Shedrovesofastattheturnthatthecaralmostwent_theroad.Hesbeen_thecomputerfortwohours,chattingwithaboyfromAustralia.Theboyishavingafever.Youdbetterdampatowelandlayit_hisforehead.Mikemustbeangrywithme,forhewalked_mewithoutevensayinghello.Dontleavethetoothpastewiththetop_.Iran_thestairsandsawAlisonlyingatthetop.,on,above,across,over,through,at,off,across,past,against,off,up,（一）介词的核心意义(空间关系抽象意义),Thedaffodilswere_fullbloom.Hecouldnotgettime_worktogoonholiday.Itsimportantforagirltoknowwhatcolorslookgood_herskin.Theyfinishedtheyearsixplaces_theirlocalrivals.Hewillnotlive_thenight.Allowfiveminutestoget_passportcontrolandcustoms.Simpsonlookedatthem_surprise.Withnewtechnology,picturesofunderwatervalleyscanbetaken_color.Asaneditor,shehascontrol_whatisincluded.Heopenedthedoorandstoodthere,frowning_me.Itseemsstrangethesedaysforanyonetotaketheirkidsalong_businesstrips.,in,through,off,against,at,above,through,in,in,over,on,（一）介词的核心意义（时间意义）,Firstcelebrated_1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countries.(2019北京卷)Whenschooldaysopendespitethesnow,itcanbereallyannoying.However,thereisoneupsideofgoingtoschool_acoldwinterday:youmightbesmarter.(2019海淀一模)_theageof10,Iwenttothebeachforthefirsttime.(2019海淀二模)Shebegantopaint_herseventies.(2019西城期末)Heinvitedmetoadanceaftertheshow_Christmaseve.,in,on,At,in,on,（一）介词的核心意义（目的原因“为了、给、因为”Itsabookforchildren.(benefitwhom?)Canyoutranslatetheletterforme?(tohelpsb)AreyoulearningEnglishforpleasureorforyourwork?(purpose)Letsgooutforawalk.(purpose)Thisisamachineforslicingbread.(function)Hegotanawardforbravery.(reason)Theyvotedforindependenceinthereferendum.(support),Wouldyoumindnotpickingtheflowersinthegarden?Theyare_everyonesenjoyment.(2010年北京卷)However,peoplearedangeroustosharkstoo.60millionsharksarekilled_foodandmedicineeveryyear.(2019朝阳二模)Hangzhouisfamous_itsnaturalscenery.(2019海淀期末)Ourcountrysstabilitywillopenthedoor_alotmoreforeigninvestment.,for,for,for,to,常用介词的搭配,名词介词Wepraisedhimforhisdevotion_duty.Congratulations_yourwinningtheprize!Inordertochangeattitudes_employingwomen,thegovernmentisbringinginnewlaws.Manypeopleexpressedastrongpreference_theoriginalplan.Beingtallgavehimanadvantage_theotherplayers.,动词介词Thewoodgave_asweet,perfumedsmellasitburned.Thepolicearelooking_thedisappearanceofchildren.hisvoicetook_amoreserioustone.HeaskedmeyesterdaywhenIshouldleave_Paris.Thevalueoflifeliesnot_thelengthofdays,but_theusewemakeofthem.Iobjected_beingtreatedlikethis.,形容词介词Bobisslow_understanding,soIhavetobepatient_him.Hesquitecapable_lyingtogetoutoftrouble.Itwasseveralweeksbeforehewasfree_pain.,to,on,to,for,over,off,into,on,for,in,in,to,in,with,of,of,（二）介词的语境判断依托语境、明晰意义,请依托上下文，切忌生搬硬套：-Goodmorning,Mr.Leesoffice.-Goodmorning.Idliketomakeanappointment_nextWednesdayafternoon.(2018年北京卷)Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68C_theaverage.,for,above,（二）介词的语篇推断基于语篇，明晰意义,记叙文Alittleboyhadmajorburnsoverthelowerhalfofhisbodyandwastakentoanearbyhospital.Thedoctortoldtheboysmotherthathewouldsurelydie.Butthebraveboydidntwantto.Somehow,tothedoctors1._(amaze),hedidsurvive.Onesunnydayhismotherwheeledhimoutintotheyard.Thatday,insteadofsittingthere,theboyrosefromthechair.Hepulledhimselfacrossthegrass,dragginghislegsbehindhim.Finallyheworkedhisway2._thewhitefencearoundtheyard.Withgreateffort,heraisedhimselfuponthefence.说明文(2020西城期末)Itsapopularbeliefthatfishcantrememberanything1._longerthansevenseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthattheydontrememberwhattheyveeatenorwheretheyvebeen.Butarecentstudy2.hasfound(find)thatakindoffishcalledAfricancichlidscanremembereventsfromaslongas12daysago.Researcherstrainedthefishtogotoacertainareaoftheirtank3.toget(get)food.Theythenwaitedfor12daysbefore4.putting(put)thembackinthetankagain.Withthehelpofcomputersoftware,theyfoundthefishstillwenttothesameplacewheretheyfirstgotfood.,amazement,to,for,（三）并列连词的衔接功能,表递进或顺承：and,notonlybutalso表选择关系：or,eitheror表转折或者对比：but,yet,while表因果：so,for,Becarefulyoullmakefewermistakes.（2018年海淀期中单选改编）Mymotherwantstodecorateourroomsinamodernlookmyfatherprefersatraditionalstyle.UnlikewatchingTV,readingisahighlyactiveprocess_itrequiresattentionaswellasmemoryandimagination.Itisonlyalittleshop_alwayshassuchlovelydecorations.Whenwetalkabouttheuniverse,wemeannotonlytheearth,thesun,andthemoon,_alltheotherthingstoofarawayforustosee.,and,while,for,but,but,（三）语篇中的并列连词选择整体把握，明晰逻辑,记叙文（2018海淀期末完形改编）Somebodysaid,“Ifyoushouldgototheendoftherainbow,youwouldfindtheregreatpotsofgoldandsilver.”Without1._(hesitate),Irushedfromthehouse,andset2._towardthewoods.IwassosurethatIknewjustwherethatrainbowended.IrememberedhowgladandproudIwasinmythoughts,andwhatfinepresentsIpromisedtoallmyfriendsoutofmyriches.Sothinking,andlaying3._(delight)plans,almostbeforeIknewitIhadreachedthethickforest,andtheendoftherainbowwasnotthere!4._Isawitshiningdownamongthetreesalittlefartheroff;soonandonIstruggled,throughthethickbushesandacrossrapidstreams.说明文(2019丰台一模)Thenewsixth-gradeteacher,Sava,islikemostteachersinschools.Thismorning,sheiscallingtheattendancelistandaskingthestudentsinthebackoftheroomtobequiet.Sava1.smiles(smile)atthestudentsandlookshappy.Savadoesntreallylookdifferentfromotherteachers,2._sheis.Savaisarobot.Sheisremotecontrolled3.byapersonthroughacamerainsidetherobot.AlthoughSavaisnotreadytobearealteacher,thechildrenenjoyhervisits.,hesitation,off,delightful,But,but,（四）语法填空的派生规则,形容词,动词,名词,副词,-tion/-sion/-ment/-ance/-ence/-al/-er/-oreg.:attraction,impression,argument,assistance,arrival,difference,employer,inventor,-y/-ly/-ish/-ous/-ful/-lesseg.Healthy/friendly/foolish/humorous/useful/careless,-able/-i