商务英语口译Unit 2 Price and Payment

摘 要授课题目（章、节）Unit 2 Price and Payment教学内容及重点难点：1. 掌握价格和付款方面的相关术语。2. 掌握关于价格和付款的口译常用句型。3. 熟悉并掌握即席演讲的技巧。内 容Section 2 Paragraph InterpretationWords & Expressions Preview金融崩溃 financial collapse通缩 deflationChinese-English Interpretation (1)油价正逼近每桶150美元的水平。就在全球正担心金融崩溃以及随之而来的通缩风险之际，世界上最重要的大宗商品价格在过去一年翻了一番。以实际价值计算，目前的油价水平比1981年高出25%那一年是第二次石油危机的高峰时期。The price of oil is close to $150 a barrel. While the world is worrying about the risks of financial collapse and ensuing deflation, the price of the worlds most important commodity has doubled over the past year In real terms, the price of oil is now 25 per cent higher than that in 1979, which was at the peak of the second oil shock.Chinese-English Interpretation (2)如果预期实际油价的上涨幅度将超过替代资产的回报率，生产者就不会开采石油。因此决定当前价格的，是预期的未来价格。最重要的推动因素是新兴国家（尤其是中国）需求的预期增长情况，以及对替代能源供应的担忧。中国经济的迅速增长及其资源高度密集型的增长方式，是最重要的因素。Producers will leave oil in the ground if the rise in real oil prices is expected to be faster than the return on the alternative assets. What determines the current price then is the expected future price. The most important drivers have been the prospective growth in the demand of emerging countries, particularly China, and gloom about alternative sources of supply. Chinas rapid and highly resource-intensive growth is the most important factor.Words & Expressions PreviewNominal domestic demand 名义国内需求Accelerate 加速Combined increase 增长总和English-Chinese Interpretation (1)The increase last year in Bric countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) nominal domestic demand was larger than the combined increase in the old economies. This year, although old-economy domestic demand growth may slow, if we include likely Bric demand growth in the equation, global demand will accelerate.金砖四国（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国）去年的名义国内需求增长超过了老牌经济体的增长总和。今年，尽管老牌经济体的国内需求也许会放缓，但如果我们在等式中加入金砖四国可能的需求增长，全球需求的增长将会加速。English-Chinese Interpretation (2)In dollar terms. Chinese final domestic demand grew 8 percent more than US demand last year and is likely to rise 20 percent more in the current year. Simply put, Chinese demand growth is much more important to the global supply-demand balance than US demand growth. However, some Chinese economists are concerned that the rapid increase of Chinese RMBs value may, to some extent, threaten its economic development.按美元计算，去年中国最终的国内需求比美国多增长了8%，而今年可能还会再多增长20%。简言之，对全球供需平衡而言，中国的需求增长比美国重要得多。但是，中国的一些经济学家担心，人民币的快速升值可能会在一定程度上影响中国经济的发展。Section 3 Passage InterpretationEnglish-Chinese InterpretationWorld Trade Grows, But Slows世界贸易增长放缓The World Trade Organizations (WTO) annual report finds world-trade growth slowed t0 5.5 percent in 2007 from 8.5 percent the year before. WTO predicts global trade growth will continue to slow this year.世界贸易组织发表的一份年度报告称，世界贸易增长从2006年的8.5%减慢到2007年的5.5%。世贸组织预计，2008年的全球贸易增长将继续放慢。 The World Trade Organization says the global financial crisis is having a negative impact on world trade. But, it says the results are uneven, with the wealthier countries generally doing worse than the poorer countries.世贸组织说，全球的金融危机正在对世界贸易产生负面影响。不过，世贸组织说，影响结果并不平衡，总体来说富有国家比贫穷国家情况更糟。 The report says the financial market turbulence has considerably reduced economic growth projections for some major developed markets and has clouded the prospects for world trade next year. It says the U.S. subprime mortgage and banking crises are likely to further depress global trade growth.报告指出，金融市场的动荡在很大程度上减少了一些主要发达市场的经济增长预测，给明年的世界贸易前景蒙上阴影。报告说，美国的次贷危机和银行业危机可能会使全球贸易增长陷入进一步的衰退。 It expects economic growth in the United States will be flat this year and will have repercussions elsewhere, especially in Europe tater in the year.世贸组织预计，今年美国的经济增长乏力，并将影响其他地方，尤其是今年晚些时候将波及欧洲。WTO senior economist. Michael Finger. says the strength of the oil and commodity prices is another worrying factor.世贸组织资深经济学家迈克尔芬格对记者说，另外一个令人担忧的因素是石油和商品价格的坚挺。 The oil importing countries will have to adjust ro the much higher cost of energy and this erodes the purchasing power of consumers and increases the cost for business and this will have a further adverse effect, he said.他说：“石油进口国必须做出调整，适应更高的能源成本，因为这侵吞了消费者的购买力，增加了商业成本，并将产生进一步的反作用。” The WTO reports world trade will continue to slow markedly next year, but not all regions will suffer. It notes Mexio and Canada, which are closest to the United States. will feel the brunt of the slowdown. But repercussions will be smaller among European countries that trade with each other.世贸组织的报告说，明年的世界贸易将显著放缓，但并非所有地区都受到影响。报告说，离美国最近的墨西哥和加拿大将首当其冲受到美国经济放缓的影响，但对相互进行贸易的欧洲国家的影响将较小。 WTO Director-General Pascal Lamy acknowledges the global economy is going through an uncertain and difficult period. But, he warns protectionist policies surfacing in some countries are no solution to these problems. He says a reinforced trading system is an essential anchor for economic stability and development.世贸组织干事长帕斯卡尔掩米承认，全球经济正经历着不确定性和困难的时期。不过他警告说，一些国家正在出现的保护主义政策解决不了目前的问题。他说，强化的贸易体系是经济稳定和发展的必不可少的基石。Chinese-English Interpretation食品安全要靠自由贸易Only Free Trade Can Guarantee Real Food Security 由于最近全球市场供应明显短缺引起价格上涨，英国政府对食品安全深表担忧。不过，虽然相应提高农业产出是明智的，但并不能从安全角度得到证明。The British government is concerned about food security because of the recent escalation of prices caused by the apparent shortage of supply in the global market. But while it makes sense to increase agricultural outputs responsibly, this cannot be justified on the grounds of security目前，英国的粮食自给率约为60%，其余40%主要由因气候因素无法在英国种植的作物组成。由于限制进口的保护主义壁垒，在1846年以前，英国实际上是自给自足的。但罗伯特皮尔爵士领导的政府打破了这种局面，废除谷物法，允许廉价粮食进入英国，以养活快速增饫的城市人口。自给率稳步下降，至1939年时，仅为不足40%。二战后，英国农业产出稳步上升，到上世纪70年代，英国农民所占市场份额从40%提升至70%的最高水平。这种结果是在保护主义壁垒下实现的。加入欧洲经济共同体时，英国农民在鼓励下生产了大量余粮，然后不得不在世界市场进行倾销。欧盟后来实施了产量限制，一些土地不再进行作物生产。结果，英国的自给率降至目前的60%一一依然处于较高的历史水平。oday Britain is about 60 per cent self-sufficient in food production. Much of the remaining 40 per cent is made up of crops that could not be grown here for climatic reasons. Until 1846 Britain was virtually self-sufficient, thanks to protectionist barriers that restricted imports. But these were slashed by the government of- Sir Robert Peel when he repealed the Corn Laws, thereby allowing cheap food into the country to feed the rapidly expanding urban population. Self-sufficiency declined steadily and was less than 40 per cent by 1939. After the war agricultural output rose steadily, and British farmers increased their market share from 40 per cent to a peak of 70 per cent in the 1970s. This was achieved behind protectionist barriers. When Britain joined the European Economic Community its farmers were encouraged to produce large surpluses, which had to be dumped on the worlds markets. The European Union then imposed production restraints, taking land out of crop production. Consequently British self-sufficiency declined to 60 per cent today - still a high figure in historic terms.如果英国单方面决定将自给率提升至70%一75%，它就只能重新引入国家保护主义壁垒，限制廉价进口。而此时，世界其他国家和地区都在寻求削减农业补贴。如果实施这项政策，英国就只能退出欧盟，从而带来影响深远的经济后果。If Britain, unilaterally, decided to increase this to 70-75 per cent it would have to reintroduce national protectionist barriers to restrict cheap imports. This would come as the rest of the world is seeking to reduce subsidies. If this policy were pursued Britain would have to withdraw from the EU, with profound economic consequences.然而，在欧洲市场一体化的背景下，英国的自给率实际更高：它能够以零关税从南欧购买因气候原因无法在本国种植的水果和蔬菜。欧盟是粮食净出口国。In the context of the European single market, however, Britain is much more self-sufficient, being able to purchase tariff-free fruit and vegetables from southern Europe which would not grow here because of the climate. The EU is a net exporter of food.不过，尽管食品安全不是英国或欧洲的问题，却是许多发展中国家和地区的问题。由于价格飙升，埃及和菲律宾等粮食净进口大国均面临经济和政治危机。要解决供给不足的问题，欧盟在实施多年的限制后增加产出是明智的。However, while food security is not a British or European issue, it is in many parts of the developing world. Countries such as Egypt and the Philippines, large net importers of food, face economic and political crises as a result of soaring prices. It makes sense for the EU to increase output after years of restraint to address the shortfall.可以立即采取的措施有三个：应当废除所有对产量的限制措施；应当紧急重审将土地用途从粮食转为生物燃料的计划；应当扭转粮食研究支出的下滑趋势。Three initiatives could be launched immediately. All restraints on production should be abandoned. Plans to switch Iand from food to biofuels should be urgently reviewed. FinaIly, the downward trend in expenditure on food research should be reversed.较富裕的国家可以以各种方式做出反应。它们可以向较贫穷的邻国提供资金，使其能够充分利用现有技术；建设至关重要的基础设施，用于贮水和成功贮藏收获的作物；投资转基因食品等新技术的研究，以生产能抵御极端天气的作物。Richer countries can respond in various ways. They can provide funds to their poorer neighbors to enable them to exploit existing technology, create vital infrastructure for the conservation of water and successful storage of harvested crops and invest in research into new technologies, such as genetically modified foods, to produce crops that can cope with weather extremes.优先考虑的重点，不应当是重新采取食品安全拥护者提出的保护主义措施，而是减少食品贸易壁垒，让那些必须进口的国家（包括英国和许多发展中国家）能从别处迅速购买自己的必需品，而不会遭到