2014年高考英语一轮复习语法专题课件 15：主谓一致.ppt

15主谓一致,主谓一致谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致,这就叫主谓一致.,IamateacherSheoftendoesherhomeworkinthemorning.Thereisonlyoneboxonthetable.Thereare50studentsinourclass.,但是如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致（从前原则）意义一致就近原则,一、语法一致原则一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式，语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。Eg:（1）Thenumberoferrorswassurprising.错误之多是惊人的（2）Weloveourmotherland.,二、意义一致原则主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式，主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。Eg（1）Thecrowdwerefightingfortheirlives.这些人正为生存而战斗。（2）Threeyearsinastrangelandseemslikealongtime.在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。,三、就近原则谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。Eg(1)Notonlyhischildrenbutalsohehimselfwantstogothere.(2)EithermywifeorIamgoingtoworkthere.,就近原则的使用情况：当作主语的两个名词或代词由or,eitheror,neithernor,whetheror.notonlybutalso，notbut连接时;在therebe./herebe句型中(1)There_alamp,twopensandthreebooksonthedesk.(2)Here_someenvelopesandpaperforyou.(3)Notonlyhisfamilybutalsohe_(喜欢）Chaplinsmovies.(4)YouorI_goingtoreceivethemthisafternoon.,is,are,likes,am,5.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be6.There_inthisroom.a.aretoomuchfurnitureb.istoomanyfurnituresc.aretoomuchfurnituresd.istoomuchfurniture,7.NeitherTomnorhisparents_athome.a.isb.arec.hasd.was8.Eitherthedeanortheprincipal_themeeting.attendsattendc.areattendingd.haveattended,9._waswrong.a.Nottheteacherbutthestudentsb.Boththestudentsandtheteacherc.Neithertheteachernotthestudentsd.Notthestudentsbuttheteacher10.HedidntsaywhethersomeEnglishnovelsoranEnglishdictionary_wanted.A.areB.isC.wasD.were,有togetherwith,with,aswellas,but,except,besides,ratherthan,including,along,alongwith,like.连接并列主语时,采取从前原则.,1)They,togetherwithTom,_goingtoswimthisafternoon.(be)2)Noonebutyourparents_therethen.(be)3)He,likeyouandyourbrother,_veryclever.(be)4)Theteacher,includinghisstudents,_goingtoseeProfessorTell.(be)5)Mary,togetherwithhissisters_goneback.(have),are,was,is,has,has,1.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,_tohelpinthiswork.A.wassentB.weresentC.issendingD.aresending2._eitherheorIfitforthejob?Neitherhenoryou_.A.Am;areB.Is;areC.Are;areD.Is;is,3.Nothingbutcars_intheshop.A.issoldB.aresoldC.weresoldD.aregoingtosell4.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.haveofferedC.areofferedD.hasoffered,5.Notonlythewholenation,butthewholeEurope,indeedthewholehumansociety_toalteritsattitudetoracialproblems.a.needb.needsc.hasaneedd.haveaneed6.Totellyouthetruth,I,aswellastheotherstudents,_hungry.A.sureamB.amsureC.sureareD.aresure,由and或both-and连接主语，谓语动词用复数。,1.Apoetandanovelisthavevisitedourschool.2.WuDongandWuXi_twinbrother.(be),are,1.Thesingerandthedancer_cometothemeeting.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is2.ThesecretaryofthePartybranchandthedirectorofthatfactoryoften_withtheworkers.A.worksB.workC.isworkingD.areworking,如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语用单数。,Eg:1）Theteacherandwriterisherfriend.2)Butterandbreadisherfavoritefood.3)Ajournalistandauthor_(live)inthehouse4)Thedoctorandprofessor_(be)comingatonce.,lives,is,1.TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor_askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.beB.wasC.areD.were2.Wiskyandsoda_hisfavoritedrink.isb.arec.wered.havebeen,3.Lightandheat_oftensentouttogetherwithheavysmoke.isB.wasC.areD.being4._waswrong.Nottheteacherbutthestudentsb.Boththestudentsandtheteacherc.Neithertheteachernotthestudentsd.Notthestudentsbuttheteacher,everyand(every);eachand(each);noand(no);manyaand(manya)连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,1.Everydeskandeverychair_madeofwood.(be)2.Manyaboyandgirl_madethesamemistake.(have)3.Noboyandnogirl_(be)intheclassroom.4.Manyastudent_(like)popsongs.,is,has,is,likes,1.Eachmanandwoman_thesamerights.hasb.havec.hadd.ishaving2.Manyastudent_theimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.a.haverealizedb.hasrealizedc.havebeenrealizedd.hasbeenrealized,3.Nochairandnodesk_permittedtobetakenawayfromthereadingroom.areB.wereC.isD.be4.Manyafather_learnttohissorrowwhatitistohaveasonwhotellslies.A.haveB.isC.areD.has,5.Everyman,womanandchild_somehistory,enoughatleast,tosurviveintheworld.knowsb.knowc.isknownd.areknown,some(of),plentyof,alotof,most(of),therestof,all(of),half(of),part(of),themajorityof,分数或百分数+of+名词等短语作主语时，谓语动词与of后的名词或则和其替代的名词保持数的一致。,1)Alotofstudents_waitingoutside.(be)2)Morethan70percentofthesurface_(be)coveredbywater.3)Therestofthemoney_(belong)toyou.,are/were,is,belongs,1._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,are2.Ihavefinishedalargepartofthebook;therest_moredifficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.were,3.Mostofhissavings_intheXinHuaBank.hasbeenkeptb.isbeingkeptc.havekeptd.havebeenkept4.Themajorityofthedamage_easytorepair.isb.arec.wered.be,5.Themajorityofdoctors_smokingisharmfultohealth.arebelievedb.hadbelievedc.hasbelievedd.believe6.Three-fourthsofthebuildings_.wasdestroyedb.isdestroyedc.weredestroyedd.hasbeendestroyed,none有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。,eg.Noneofthebooksareeasyenoughforus.Noneofushasacamera.Noneofthemoneyispaidtome.,one/everyone/each/either/neither/theother/anotheranybody/anyone/anything/somebody/someone/something/everybody/everyone/everything/nobody/noone/nothing/thenumber+of+复数名词作主语或是独立充当主语时，谓语动词用单数。,Eachofthestudentshasabook.Neitherofthemhastoldme.Eitheroftheanswersisright.,1.Theyeach_anewdictionary.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are2.Eachofyou_responsiblefortheaccident.a.amb.bec.isd.are,3.Eachofthestudentsinourclass_greatinterestinEnglishandtheyeach_acopyofNewEnglish-ChineseDictionary.A.shows；haveB.have；hasC.is；haveD.takes；has4.Thetwosistersareforcedtoplaythepiano.Infact，neitherofthem_toplayit.A.likeB.likedC.likesD.liking,5.Nobodybuthisfamily_thesecret.knowB.areknownC.haveknownD.knew,oneandahalf做主语时，谓语动词用做单数。,Oneandahalfyearshaspassed.Oneandahalfappleshasrottedaway.,more复数名词thanone和morethanone单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。morethan+两个以上的数字+名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用复数。,Morestudentsthanonewerepunished.Morethanonestudentwaspunished.Morethantwohundredpersonsarepresent.Morethanonewaskilledinthebattle.,1.Morethanoneworker_dismissed.havebeenb.arec.hasbeend.has2.Morethanonegraduate_senttothehardestplacesince1979.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen,表示时间，数目，距离，价格，度量衡等名词的复数作主语，并作为整体看待时，谓语动词用单数。,1)Fourhoursisenoughtodotheexperiment.2)Tendollarsistoomuchtopayforthatshirt.3)Thirtyfeetislongenough.,1.“_twentydollarsabigsumtoher?”“Isupposeso.”Willbeb.Isc.Ared.Were2.Threehours_enoughforustofinishthetask.areb.hasc.isd.were,算术中的动词单复数都可以,多用单数。,Twoandtwomakes/makefour.Threetimesthreeisnine.,集合名词class,family,army,enemy,team,group,government,staff,audience,crowd,public,committee等作主语时，若强调整体，谓语用单数，若表示组成该集体的成员，谓语用复数。,Eg:1)beMyfamily_verylarge.Hisfamily_waitingforhim.2)be/haveTheclass_madeupof54students.Alltheclass_gonetotheplayground.,is,are/were,is,have,1.Thecommittee_overtheproblemamongthemselvesfortwohours.hasarguedb.hasbeenarguingc.havearguedd.havebeenarguing2.Thepublic_generousintheircontributionstotheearthquakevictims.isb.wasc.ared.hasbeen,3.Hisfamily_alwaysquarrellingamong_.A.is；itselfB.are；themselvesC.is；themselvesD.are；itself,有些名词本身表示复数概念，其谓语动词用复数形式，如people,police,cattle,goods,youth,clothes等。,Eg:1)Thepolice_afterathief.2)Cattle_ongrass.(feed)3)Allthegoods_arrived.(have),are,feed,have,1.Cattle_onthehillside.grazesb.isgrazingc.wasgrazingd.weregrazing2.TheyouthofChinatoday_tryingtheirbesttostudymodernscienceandtechnology.A.isB.wasC.wereD.are,“定冠词+adj/分词”表示一类具体的人或物时，谓语用复数，若表示某一抽象概念，则用单数。,1)Theold_takengoodcareofhere.(be)2)Theold_(give)placetothenew.3)Thetrue_(be)tobedistinguishedfromthefalse.4)Therich_(be)fortheplan,butthepooragainstit.,are,gives,is,are,1.Thewounded_bythehospital.A.havebeentakeninB.hasbeentakeninC.havetakeninD.hastakenin2.Inthatcountry,therich_richer,thepoor,poorer.a.becomeb.hasbecomec.becomesd.isbecoming,what,who,which,any(of),more,most,all(of),half(of),part(of)等代词作主语，谓语可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要看它们指代的是什么来决定。,1)Whichisyourroom?2)Whichareyourrooms?3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.4)Alloftheworkersareskilled.5)Amanwhothinksonlyhimselfcanneverbehappy.6)Heisnotoneofthosewhobowbeforedifficulties.,一个不定式，动名词，从句作主语时，谓语要用单数形式。两个或两个以上的不定式，动名词或是从句做主语时，谓语用复数。但是如同这两个结构指一个概念，仍然用单数。,Readingisagoodway.Tosayitisonething,todoitisanother.Whathesaysandwhathedoesdonotagree.Earlytogotobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.,1.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided2.Whatcausedtheaccident_ontheroad.werestoneb.werestonesc.wasstoned.wasstones,3.Gettingtootherplanetsortothemoon_manyproblems.involveb.involvesc.involvingd.toinvolve,clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.,在定语从句中，谓语动词总是与先行词保持一致。,1、Heisoneofthestudentswhoaremodest.2、Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoismodest.3、Allthosewhowanttogoonajourney,pleasesignyournameshere.,在倒装句中，谓语动词往往与其后的第一个主语取得一致。也就是说，倒装句要采用就近原则。,Whereisyourmotherandyoursisters?Intheroomwasfoundahat,afewsuitsofclothesandsomeshoesandsocks.,1.Betweenthetworowsoftrees_ateachingbuildingandtwodormitores.A.standB.standsC.standingD.are2.Onthewall_twolargeportraitsofhisparents.A.hangsB.hangedC.hangingD.hang,3.Growingaroundthelake_wildflowersofdifferentcolors.isB.areC.hasD.have,一个肯定的主语和一个否定的主语，同时并用，谓语的数往往依肯定的主语而定。,You,notI,aretobepraised.I,notyou,ambeblame.,以s结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语，谓语用单数。,Mathsisausefulsubject.His“SelectedPoems”_firstpublishedin1970.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.havebeen,1.ThePhilippines_tothesouth-eastofChina.a.liesb.liec.layd.lays2.Mathematics_thelanguageofscience.isb.hasbeenc.ared.havebeen,由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s结尾的专有名词作主语谓语用复数。,TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.,表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers,shorts,shoes,socks,scissors,glasses,compasses,等做主语时，谓语动词用复数。,Tomstrousersaretoolong.Yourglassesareonyournose.Thereisapairofshoesunderthebed.Thepairsofshoeshavewornout.,Where_myscissors?_rightonthedesk.A.are;ItsB.is;ItsC.are;TheyareD.is;Theyare,1._thispairoftrousersfithimwell?AreB.IsC.DoD.Does2.Strangelyenough，apairofnewtrousers_amongtherubbish.A.werefoundB.wasfoundC.foundD.hadfound,Letspractise!,(1)Acartandahorseinthedistance(2)AcartandhorseinthedistanceAwasseenBwereseenCSeeDsees,B,A,2.Thefactory,includingitsmachinesandbuildings,burntlastnightAisBareCwereDwas3.(1)ThestudentsinourschooleachanEnglishdictionary(2)EachofthestudentsinourschoolanEnglishdictionaryAarehavingBhadChasDhave,D,C,4.(1)Manystudentsthatmistakebefore(2)ManyastudentthatmistakebeforeAhadmadeBhasbeenmadeChavemadeDhasmade,C,D,5.I,whoyourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrowsAwasBareCisDam6AllbuthimandmetothecinemaAaregoingBisgoingCwasgoingDhasgoing,7SomepersoncallingforyouatthegateAwillbeBisbeingCisDare8ThepopulationofChinalargerthanthatoftheUSAAwillbeBareCisDwas9DeerfasterthandogsAwillrunBarerunningCrunsDrun,10Everymeanstried,butthereisnoresultAhavebeenBhasbeenCwillbeDwere11ThispairoftrousersmysisterMytrousersAisbelongto;isbeing