高考《古代文化常识》优秀

.,古代文化常识,.,纪年纪时,姓名字号,礼仪制度,知识拓展,古代文化常识,天文地理,目录,.,北斗七星,.,十二星座,.,二十八星宿,北（玄武）,西（白虎）,东（青龙）,南（朱雀）,.,东：青龙星宿图,角、亢、氐（d）、房、心、尾、箕,.,北：玄武星宿图,斗、牛、女、虚、危、室、壁,.,西：白虎星宿图,奎（ku）、娄、胃、昴（mo）、毕、觜（z）、参（shn）,.,南：朱雀星宿图,井、鬼、柳、星、张、翼、轸（zhn）,.,你知道的,北斗星、牛郎星、织女星、天狼星,.,我们知道的,苏轼赤壁赋：“月出于东山之上，徘徊于斗牛之间。”写景之句，以景衬月古诗十九首迢迢牵牛星：“迢迢牵牛星，皎皎河汉女。”牛郎织女离别相思李商隐马嵬：“此日六军同驻马，当时七夕笑牵牛。”回忆美好时光,.,九州,“九州”是中国的别称之一九州分别是：冀州、兖州、青州、徐州、扬州、荆州、梁州、雍州和豫州,.,五岳：,东岳泰山,（位于山东省泰安市）,.,五岳,南岳衡山,位于湖南省衡阳市,.,五岳,西岳华山,位于陕西省华阴市,.,五岳,北岳恒山（位于山西省浑源县）,.,五岳,中岳嵩山（位于河南省登封市）,.,所在地：湖南,洞庭湖,鄱阳湖,巢湖,太湖,所在地：江苏,所在地：江西,所在地：安徽,五湖,洪泽湖,.,八方：四方和四维的合称。四方：东、南、西、北四维：东南、西南、西北、东北八荒：八方荒远的地方。（远离中原的地方。）,.,阴阳：阴：山北水南，阳光不易照到之处；阳：山南水北。江河：古代“江”专指长江，“河”专指黄河。关内、关外:汉朝前，“关”特指函谷关；明清时以至现在称东北三省为“关外”。山东、山西:“山”特指崤山，后来有时指太行山。,.,河北、河南:泛指中原之地，即黄河流域一带。江南：泛指长江以南。江左：即长江以东。江表：长江以外，指江南。,.,大都东京、汴京京口金陵、建业、建康、江宁、石头城临安姑苏会稽长安奉天直沽,北京开封镇江南京杭州苏州绍兴西安沈阳天津,古今地名,.,（1）河内：河东：（2）山东：（3）河西：（4）关西：（5）江表：（6）淮左：,黄河以北。黄河以东。崤山以东。黄河以西。函谷关以西。长江下游以南地区。淮水东面。,.,3、,（1）孔子说：“（周君）以道德教化来治理政事，就会像北极星那样，自己居于一定的方位，而群星都会环绕在它的周围。”北辰：以德治国的统治者。,（2）逝者：流逝的时光。,.,3、,（3）知者乐水：智者是聪明人，善于思考，反应敏捷，像水一样灵动。仁者乐山：仁者是仁慈宽厚的，安于义理，不易冲动，像山一样稳重。,（4）日月之食：日食，月食。犯了错误，人们都能看到，知错能改，人们都会敬重他。,.,2、刘禹锡，字梦得：“锡”同“赐”，“禹锡”为“大禹所赐”之意，故字为“梦得”。,李商隐，字义山：商隐，即殷商隐者之意。商朝末年，武王伐纣，天下宗周，伯夷，叔齐义不食周粟，隐于首阳山饿死，李商隐字“义山”与名呼应。,.,中国100大姓氏排名，看你的姓氏排名第几？01李02王03张04刘05陈06杨07赵08黄09周10吴11徐12孙13胡14朱15高16林17何18郭19马20罗21梁22宋23郑24谢25韩26唐27冯28于29董30萧31程32曹33袁34邓35许36傅37沈38曾39彭40吕41苏42卢43蒋44蔡45贾46丁47魏48薛49叶50阎51余52潘53杜54戴55夏56钟57汪58田59任60姜61范62方63石64姚65谭66廖67邹68熊69金70陆71郝72孔73白74崔75康76毛77邱78秦79江80史81顾82侯83邵84孟85龙86万87段88曹89钱90汤91尹92黎93易94常95武96乔97贺98赖99龚100文,.,官名古代职官情况异常复杂，而且各朝都有变化，可以中央、地方两方面大致掌握。中央官职：皇帝下有丞相或称宰相佐理国政，统领百官。中央一般设六部分管政务，即吏部，户部，礼部、兵部、弄部、工部，部长官称尚书，副职为侍郎。,.,地方官职：大政区称郡、州或称省，长官分别称郡守、太守（或刺史）、巡抚。基层政权称县，县官称县令或知县，间乎大政区和县之间高州（或府），长官称知州（知府）。,.,九卿三公卿和公都是官职名称。据历史记载，西周时期周王朝及诸侯都有卿，分上中下三级。战国时期，不少国家沿用。上卿是当时最高的官职。九卿：九卿之说始于秦汉，指的是太常、光禄勋、卫尉、廷尉、太仆、大鸿胪、宗正、大司农、少府九个官职。,.,三公：周时以司马、司徒、司空为三公，西汉以丞相（大司徒）、太尉（大司马）、御使大夫（大司空）为三公。到东汉时，名称有所改变，指太尉、司徒、司马。三公又叫三司，共同负责军政事务。,.,科举乡试会试殿试,录取者称为“举人”，第一名称为“解元”。录取者称为“贡生”，第一名称为“会元”。录取者称为“进士”，第一名称为“状元”第二名为“榜眼”第三名为“探花”,.,拜：授给官职。除：免去旧职任新职。出：出任。升：提升官职。迁：调动官职升官。革：革除官职。罢：罢免、停职。免：免除官职。黜：废黜、贬退。谪：降职远调。削：革职罢官。废：罢免或废黜。斥：屏弃不用。去：去职，被调离。授：封给官职。擢：提拔、选拔。左迁：降低官职调动。退：撤销或降低官职；自己辞职。,.,.,.,.,.,Addyourtitleinhere,Addyourtitleinhere,Addyourtitleinhere,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,.,2.DescribecontentsforaChartDescriptionofthecompanyssubcontentsDescriptionofthecompanyssubcontents,1.DescribecontentsforaChartDescriptionofthecompanyssubcontentsDescriptionofthecompanyssubcontents,Title,Title,Title,Title,ChartTitleinhere,textinhere,textinhere,textinhere,textinhere,Clicktoedittitlestyle,.,Describeavisionofcompanyorstrategiccontents.,Describeavisionofcompanyorstrategiccontents.,Describeavisionofcompanyorstrategiccontents.,Describeavisionofcompanyorstrategiccontents.,70%,50%,83%,90%,65%,75%,50%,65%,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,Descriptionofthecontents,Descriptionofthecontents,Descriptionofthecontents,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Titleinhere,.,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,ABCD,80%,90%,30%,55%,A.Descriptionofthecontents,B.Descriptionofthecontents,C.Descriptionofthecontents,D.Descriptionofthecontents,Clicktoedittitlestyle,.,ClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddText,ClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddText,ClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddText,Descriptionofthecontents,Descriptionofthecontents,Descriptionofthecontents,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,01,02,03,Clicktoedittitlestyle,.,ClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddText,Textinhere,Textinhere,Textinhere,Textinhere,ClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddText,ClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddText,ClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddText,Clicktoedittitlestyle,.,Descriptionofthecontents,Titleinhere,Titleinhere,Titleinhere,Titleinhere,AddYourText,AddYourText,AddYourText,AddYourText,Clicktoedittitlestyle,.,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,AddYourText,AddYourText,AddYourText,AddYourText,AddYourText,Text,Text,Text,Text,Text,Clicktoedittitlestyle,.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Atitleaboutcontent,contents,contents,Clicktoaddtext,contents,.,Textinhere,Textinhere,Textinhere,Textinhere,Textinhere,Descriptionofthecontents,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,2005,2035,Describeavisionofcompanyorstrategiccontents.,Descriptionofthecontents,Descriptionofthecontents,+40%,Describeavisionofcompanyorstrategiccontents.,Describeavisionofcompanyorstrategiccontents.,Descriptionofthecontents,Describeavisionofcompanyorstrategiccontents.,.,0102030405060708,50%,70%,160%,230%,100%,150%,380%,300%,Textinhere(unit:%),Year,ClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddText,ClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddText,Descriptionofthecontents,Clicktoedittitlestyle,.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Textinhere,Textinhere,Textinhere,.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,12,YourtextinhereYourtextinhere,10,YourtextinhereYourtextinhereYourtextinhere,08,YourtextinhereYourtextinhereYourtextinhere,05,YourtextinhereYourtextinhere,03,YourtextinhereYourtextinhere,01,YourtextinhereYourtextinhere,12,YourtextinhereYourtextinhere,11,YourtextinhereYourtextinhereYourtextinhere,09,YourtextinhereYourtextinhereYourtextinhere,06,YourtextinhereYourtextinhere,04,YourtextinhereYourtextinhere,03,YourtextinhereYourtextinhere,11,YourtextinhereYourtextinhere,10,YourtextinhereYourtextinhereYourtextinhere,06,YourtextinhereYourtextinhereYourtextinhere,05,YourtextinhereYourtextinhere,03,YourtextinhereYourtextinhere,01,YourtextinhereYourtextinhere,2006,2007,2008,Textinhere,Textinhere,Textinhere,.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,Contentsoftheproduct,andpleasefillitout.,necessity,necessity,necessity,Contentsoftheproduct,andpleasefillitout.,Contentsoftheproduct,andpleasefillitout.,ContentsThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,.,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Atitleaboutcontent,America,Europe,Asia,contents,contents,contents,contents,contents,contents,contents,Clicktoedittitlestyle,.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Titleinhere,2.Descriptionofthecompanyssubcontents,Describeavisionofcompanyorstrategiccontents,1.Descriptionofthecompanyssubcontents,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,.,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Contents,Titleinhere,Titleinhere,Titleinhere,Clicktoedittitlestyle,.,Textinhere,Titleinhere,Textinhere,Textinhere,2005,2006,2007,2008,DescriptionofthecontentsDescriptionofthecontents,DescriptionofthecontentsDescriptionofthecontents,DescriptionofthecontentsDescriptionofthecontents,DescriptionofthecontentsDescriptionofthecontents,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,Descriptionofthecontents,Descriptionofthecontents,Describeavisionofcompanyorstrategiccontents.,DescriptionofthecompanysproductsDescriptionofthecompanysbusinessDescriptionofthecompanystechnologyDescriptionofthecompanyscontents,DescriptionofthecompanysproductsDescriptionofthecompanysbusinessDescriptionofthecompanystechnologyDescriptionofthecompanyscontent