语义翻译和交际翻译.ppt

PeterNewmark,“V”Diagram,TranslationMethods,AboutTranslation论翻译ApproachestoTranslation翻译探索ATextbookofTranslation翻译教程纽马克提出将文本划分为三大类：表达型文本(expressivetext)信息型文本(informativetext)号召型文本(vocativetext),PeterNewmark,语义翻译交际翻译,SLTextemphasisTLemphasisWordforwordAdaptationLiteraltranslationFreetranslationFaithfultranslationIdiomatictranslationSemantictranslationCommunicativetranslation,“V”Diagram,SLTextemphasisTLemphasisWordforwordAdaptationLiteraltranslationFreetranslationFaithfultranslationIdiomatictranslationSemantictranslationCommunicativetranslation,SLTextemphasisTLemphasisWordforwordAdaptationLiteraltranslationFreetranslationFaithfultranslationIdiomatictranslationSemantictranslationCommunicativetranslation,SLTextemphasisTLemphasisWordforwordAdaptationLiteraltranslationFreetranslationFaithfultranslationIdiomatictranslationSemantictranslationCommunicativetranslation,SLTextemphasisTLemphasisWordforwordAdaptationLiteraltranslationFreetranslationFaithfultranslationIdiomatictranslationSemantictranslationCommunicativetranslation,SLTextemphasisTLemphasisWordforwordAdaptationLiteraltranslationFreetranslationFaithfultranslationIdiomatictranslationSemantictranslationCommunicativetranslation,Word-for-wordTranslationLiteralTranslationFaithfulTranslationFreeTranslationAdaptationIdiomaticTranslationSemanticTranslationCommunicativeTranslation,TranslationMethods,Word-for-wordTranslation逐字翻译,TheSLword-orderispreservedandthewordstranslatedsinglybytheirmostcommonmeanings,outofcontext.例1：IfMainStreetdidntunderstandthis,WallStreetdid.原译：如果主街不理解，华尔街是理解的。改译：这一点，一般人不理解，华尔街那些大老板们却是明白的。例2：Heisasgoodasdead.原译：他同死一样好。改译：他几乎死去。,LiteralTranslation直译,TheSLgrammaticalconstructionsareconvertedtotheirnearestTLequivalentsbutthelexicalwordsareagaintranslatedsingly,outofcontext.当译出语和译入语在引申义和语用上相吻合时，可采用直译。直译要求再现原文的思想内容和艺术风格，要求保存原文的语法结构和基本句型，要求保存原文的比喻形象和修辞色彩，总之，直译要求双语在词语形式上和句法结构上的对应和对等。,例1：Ireadhisletterwithbothsurpriseandexcitement,surprisebecauseheisstillaround,excitementbecauseheneverforgotme.译文：我读到他的来信，既惊又喜。惊的是他还健在，喜的是他一直没有忘记我。例2：crocodiletears鳄鱼的眼泪armedtotheteeth武装到牙齿chainreaction连锁反应gentlemensagreement君子协定,FaithfulTranslation忠实翻译,ItattemptstoreproducetheprecisecontextualmeaningoftheoriginalwithintheconstraintsoftheTLgrammaticalstructures.例：挪威队的时尚装扮并未影响他们的比赛状态。本周一，挪威队以9比2的比分战胜法国队，在共有十国参加的小组循环赛中位列第二。译：NorwaysfashionsensehasntaffectedtheirformwithMondays9-2winoverFranceputtingthemsecondinthetableinthe10-nationround-group.,FreeTranslation意译,Itreproducesthematterwithoutthemanner,orthecontentwithouttheformoftheoriginal.例1：Shewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth;shethinksshecandowhatshelikes.直译：她嘴里含着银勺子出生，认为可以做任何她喜欢做的事情。意译：她生长在富贵之家，认为凡事都可以随心所欲。例2：你不要班门弄斧。直译：DontdisplayyouraxeatLuBansdoor.意译：Neveroffertoteachafishtoswim.,Adaptation改编,Thisisthe“freest”formoftranslation.Itisusedforplaysandpoetry;thethemes,characters,plotsarepreserved,theSLcultureconvertedtotheTLcultureandthetextrewritten.例1：白发三千丈，缘愁似个长。Long,longismywhiteninghair,Long,longisitladenwithcare.例2：今又重阳，战地黄发分外香。AndnowtheDoubleNinthcomesround,Howsweetareyellowflowersonthebattleground!,例：大：哦，爸爸吃完饭还要喝茶的。（向四凤）四凤，你怎么不把那一两四块八的龙井沏上，尽叫爸爸生气。HAI:Well,well,soFatherwouldliketeaafterhisdinner.(ToSifeng)Whatdoyoumeanbyit,Sifeng?UpsettingFatherlikethat!Youshouldhavemadehimapotofbest-qualityLunchingitsonlyfourdollarseightyanounce.,IdiomaticTranslation习语翻译/地道翻译,Itreproducesthe“message”oftheoriginalbuttendstodistortnuancesofmeaningbypreferringcolloquialismsandidiomswherethesedonotexistintheoriginal.例1：挥金如土spendmoneylikewater例2：Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌,SemanticTranslation语义翻译,ItdiffersfromfaithfultranslationonlyinasfarasitmusttakemoreaccountoftheaestheticvalueoftheSLtext,compromisingon“meaning”whereappropriatesothatnoassonance,word-playorrepetitionjarsinthefinishedversion.语义翻译强调的是原文信息的传递，它更倾向于以原作和源语文化为基础，力求在最大程度上展现原作的味道，这种方法指导下翻译出来的作品更加忠实于原文。,适用领域及范围：1.为了介绍或传播中国文化而作的翻译儒教Confucianism磕头kowtow阴ying阳yang相声cross-talk2.在翻译文学作品中，从传播中华文化的角度来说，可采用“语义翻译”法如：谋事在人，成事在天。（红楼梦）杨宪益夫妇：Manproposes,Heavendisposes.3.中国人姓名的翻译方法4.新闻报道科技文献公文信函宣传资料广告公共场所的通知标语通俗小说。,CommunicativeTranslation交际翻译,Communicativetranslationattemptstorendertheexactcontextualmeaningoftheoriginalinsuchawaythatbothcontentandlanguagearereadilyacceptableandcomprehensibletothereadership.交际翻译注重功能的传达，它更倾向于译作和