现在分词与过去分词学案

V-ing and V-ed Form导学案教师寄语：Practice makes perfect; diligence brings luck.熟能生巧，勤能补拙学习目标:1.掌握动词ing形式和ed形式的基本意义 2.掌握动词ing形式和ed形式的句法功能3.了解独立主格结构学习重点：动词ing形式和ed形式的句法功能及其运用主要学习方法：自主学习与合作探究 教师点拨 巩固练习1.V-ing 形式与V-ed 形式的基本意义-ing 形式表示主动的意义，-ed形式表示被动的意义-ing 形式表示一般性的或正在进行的动作，-ed 形式表示已经完成和被动的动作2. 动词ing形式和ed形式的句法功能1）动词-ing形式在句中可用作主语或宾语，而-ed形式则不能2）作表语的区别:动词-ing形式具有主动和进行的含义，经常用于表示事物的性质，“使人”或“令人” 而动词-ed形式含有被动意思，经常用来说明“某人感受”即时演练：（1）What he said was （encourage）. （2）We were （encourage）at what he said . 3）作定语的区别.语态不同：-ing 表示主动意思; -ed 表示被动意思即时演练：（3） (surprise) news = news which surprises people （4） (surprise) people =people who are surprised .时间不同：-ing表示动作正在进行; -ed 表示动作已经完成即时演练：（5） （boil）water 正在沸腾的水 （6） （boil）water 已经烧开的水4)作宾语补足语的区别.语态不同：及物动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语时，表示被动，说明宾语是-ed形式动作的承受者，而-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示主动，说明宾语是补足语的动作的执行者即时演练：（7）I often hear the song （sing） in English （8）I often hear people （sing） the song. .时间不同：有些动词-ed形式作宾语补足语时，常表示动作已经完成或动作发生在谓语动词之前，-ing形式作宾语补足语时，则表示动作正在进行即时演练：（9）When I got home , I found my wallet （lose）.（10）When I came here ,I found Wanglei （read）an English book. 5)作状语：可表示时间、原因、方式、条件、让步、伴随等，可转换为相应状语从句.看其与逻辑主语的关系：V-ed被动、完成；V-ing主动、进行（11） （see）from the top of the hill, the city looks like a big garden. （12） （see）from the top of the hill, we can get a wonderful view of the city. 另外，V-ed、V-ing作状语，可在其前加上when, while, if, unless, once, although等，构成“连词+分词”的结构eg. When (it is) completed, the park will be open to the public.When (you are) crossing the road, you must be careful. 3. 独立主格：非谓语动词(V-ing and V-ed)作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语，但有时非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，必须在非谓语动词前加上其自己的逻辑主语（名词/代词），这种结构叫“独立主格结构”，由两部分组成：名词/代词+V-ing/V-ed, 两部分是逻辑上的主谓关系，与主句用逗号隔开。eg. The meeting being over, we all drove home. There being no bus here, we had to walk home.对比：Heated, water changes into steam. （过去分词作状语）Water heated, we can see the steam. （独立主格）提升练习（用括号内所给动词的适当形式完成句子）1. Our father often told us in the past that _ (see) is believing.2. Ive never been to a more _ (excite) party before.3. “Who did it?” she said to herself with a (puzzle) look on her face.4. The discovery of new evidence led to the thief_( catch). 5. _ (Lose) her new bike made Mary so upset.过关检测练习（用括号内所给动词的适当形式完成句子）1. (smoke) is bad for your health. 2. My main job is (look) after the baby. 3. I feel (bore) when I see the boring film. 4. Do you know the girl (sit) there? She is one of the students (invite) to the special party in our school. 5. I saw a thief (catch) by the policemen when I heard Mary (call) me. 6. She walked out of the house, (follow) by her little daughter. 7. Four men entered, (look) around in a curious way. 8. (finish) your work on time, you can watch TV. 9