新编英汉翻译教程5 Comparison between English and Ch.ppt

,ComparisonbetweenEnglishandChinese,.Hypotacticvs.Paratactic.Complexvs.Simplex.End-weightvs.Top-heavy.Subject-prominentvs.Topic-prominent.Staticvs.Dynamic.Impersonalvs.Personal(Inanimatevs.Animate).Passivevs.Active.Indirectvs.Direct.Substitutivevs.Repetitive.Syntheticvs.Analytic,SofarasEnglishandChineseareconcerned,themostimportantdifferencelinguisticallyisthecontrastbetweenhypotaxisandparataxis.,.Hypotacticvs.Paratactic,Hypotaxis:Thedependentorsubordinateconstructionorrelationshipofclausesarrangedwithconnectives;E.g.Ishalldespairifyoudontcome.Parataxis:Thearrangingofclausesoneaftertheotherwithoutconnectivesshowingtherelationbetweenthem.下雨了，涨水了，房屋被冲走了。,英语的形合手段（常态）,1.关系词和连接词：Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?(Shelley)“冬天来了，春天还会远么？”HehasneverbeenbacktoBeijingsinceheleftitfiveyearsago.离开北京五年了，从未回去过。hereadsofastthatwecouldnothearitclearly.他读的太快，我们听不清楚。,Itmusthavebeendonebyyousinceonlyyoustayedintheclassroomlastnight.昨晚只有你在教室，肯定是你干的。江山易改，本性难移。Itiseasytochangeriversandmountainsbuthardtochangeapersonsnature.,道路是曲折的，前途是光明的。Thefutureisbrightwhiletheroadaheadistortuous.施恩勿记，受恩勿忘。Ifyouconfer(give)abenefit,neverrememberit；ifyoureceiveone,rememberitalways.上海是资本家的乐园，劳动群众的苦海。Shanghaiwasonceparadiseforthecapitalistsbuthellforthelaboringpeople.,Thatisourpolicyandthatisourdeclaration.W.Churchill这就是我们的国策。这就是我们的宣言。发展体育运动，增强人民体质。Promotephysicalculture,andbuildupPeopleshealth.,2.介词Changeofinformation,ifany,concerningthecontentsofthissectionwillbefoundintheappendixattheendofthisbook.本节内容如有更改，均见（本）书末目录。,3.其它连接手段：词缀变化，动词、名词、代词、形容词和副词的形态变化等英译汉时：先分析句子结构、形式才能确定其功能、意义。汉译英时：相反.先分析句子功能、意义，才能确定句子的结构、形式,2.汉语的三种意合法,（1）重语序（因为）她不老实，我不能信任她。Becausesheisnothonest,Icanttrusther.（如果）打肿脸充胖子，吃亏是自己。Ifyougetbeyondyourdepth,youwillsuffer.,（2）重对比与工仗他不来，我不去。Ifhedoesntcomehere,Illnotgothere.聪明一世，糊涂一时。Smartasarule,butthistimeafool,（3）重紧缩与简约Untilallisover,ambitionneverdies.不到黄河不死心。Learnfromnumerousadvisers,andyoullbecomeamaster.问遍千家成行家。Whenthoseabovebehaveunworthily,thosebelowwilldothesame.上梁不正下梁歪。,Leteverybodysharethefoodifthereisany.有饭大家吃Awolfremainsawolfeventhoughitisinsheepsclothing.狼披羊皮还是狼Moveforward,oryoullfallbehind.不进则退Whoeverplayswithfirewillperishbyfire.玩火自焚,.Complexvs.Simplex,Themoonissofarfromtheearththatevenifhugetreesweregrowingonthemountainsandelephantswerewalkingabout,wecouldnotseethemthroughthemostpowerfultelescopeswhichhaveyetbeeninvented.(treestructure)月球离地球非常遥远，即使那边山上长着大树，有大象在移动，我们用当今发明的最高倍率的望远镜，也不能看见它们。(bamboostructure),.End-weightvs.Top-heavy,1.GonearethedayswhenweChinesepeopledependedonforeignsteel.中国人民靠洋钢的日子已一去不复返了。2.Beforethemlaymilesofmilesofbeautifulplainwithlotsofwildanimalsamongthegrass.美丽的草原，茵茵的绿草，野生动物成群结队，绵延数英里，展现在眼前。,3.普通人在办公处和家庭中使用电子计算机的时代已经到来。Thetimehascomewhenordinarypeoplecanuseelectroniccomputersbothintheofficeandathome.4.学科技、学英语，对社会主义现代化建设很重要。ItisimportanttostudyEnglishaswellasscienceandtechnologyforoursocialistmodernizationdrive.,.Subject-prominentvs.Topic-prominent,这里要盖一座体育馆Herewillbuildagymnasium.Agymnasiumwillbebuilthere.他家起火了。Hishomebrokeoutafire.Afirebrokeoutinhishouse.,1978年改革开放开始了。Theyear1978sawthebeginningsofthereformandopeningtotheoutsideworld.我们的事业从胜利走向胜利。Wehavewononevictoryafteranotherforourcause.Or:Aseriesofvictorieshavebeenwonforourcause.,.Staticvs.Dynamic,AmasteryofChineseandEnglishisessentialforE-CorC-Etranslation.做英汉/汉英翻译必须掌握好汉语与英语。Theverysightofitmakesmefeelnervous.一看到它，我就感到紧张。Iamsureofit.对此我深信不疑。,再走几步就到实验大楼了。Afewstepswillbringyoutothelaboratorybuilding./Walkafewstepsandyouwillreachthelabbuilding.我国科学研究发展的特点是理论联系实际。Thedevelopmentofscientificresearchinourcountryischaracterizedbythecombination/linkoftheorywithpractice.Heisagoodeaterandagoodsleeper.他能吃能睡。Youmustbeaverybadlearner,orelseyoumustbegoingtobeaverybadteacher.,.Impersonalvs.Personal(Inanimatevs.Animate),1.Thereisatouchofroughpoetryabouthim.他这人还有那么点诗意呢。.Bitternessfedonthemanwhohadmadetheworldlaugh.(N.GrovewritingaboutChaplin)这位曾使全世界人发笑的人自己却饱受辛酸。,Aterriblethoughtsuddenlystruckme-hadIlockedthedoor?我突然产生了一个可怕的想法-我锁门了吗？Astrangepeacecameoverherwhenshewasalone.她独处时便感到一种特殊的安宁。,.Passivevs.Active,WhatlanguagesarespokeninMacao?在澳门讲什么语言？SinceMacaoisatinyplace,everyinchofthelandshouldbemadeverygooduseof.澳门是弹丸之地，每寸土地都要好好利用。,.Indirectvs.Direct,Literalmeaningvs.implicationUnderstatement,shiftofnegation/self-negation,etc.SomeEnglishsentencestendtouseindirectwaysofaffirmation,whileChinesesentencesarestraightforward.英语多用间接肯定、否定；汉语多用直接肯定、否定。,Understatement,Statementthatexpressesanidea,etc,tooweakly./isaformofspeechwhichcontainsanexpressionoflessstrengththanwhatwouldbeexpected.Generallyspeaking,teachershavemoreknowledgethanstudents.Thereferencebookismoreorlesshelpful.Ithinkwecanprobablyjustfinishtheworkbeforeevening.AsfarasIcantellyourightnow,wecanstartatonce.,Iwaswonderingifyoucoulddomeafavor.Iwouldsuggestyouseethemovie.ImafraidIcant.Wouldyouliketocomeinandsitdown?Couldyoutellmeifyouremarried.,shiftofnegation/self-negation,Hecantseeyouquickenough.他很想尽快和你见面。Idontfeelthatweshouldleavethemisolated.IdontthinktheCouncilcanorshouldremainindifferenttothesemostseriousviolationsofhumanrights.,.Substitutivevs.Repetitive,English:frequentuseofpronouns,relativepronouns;repetitionusuallyforrhetoricalpurposesChinese:naturaluseofrepetitionswithnosenseofredundancy英语多用替换词语；汉语多用重复形式。Youshouldhelphersinceyouhavepromisedtodoso.Hehatedfailure;hehadconquereditallhislife,risenaboveit,anddespiseditinothers.他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败,.Syntheticvs.Analytic,EnglishisaSyntheticlanguagemarkedwithinflexions,whileChineseisananalyticlanguagewithoutanyinflexion,whichisusuallyimpliedinthecontextorexplicitlyshowninsuchwordsas“着”，“了”“过”etc.英语属综合性语言，其标志为词的曲折变化形式；汉语为分析性语言，靠“着”，“了”“过”之类的助动词表达不同的时间关系。,Duringthewartime,yearslikethesewouldhavemeantcertaindeathformanypeople.Manywouldhavebecomebeggarsandotherswouldhavebeencompelledtoselltheirchildren.战争期间碰到这样的年景