高三英语复习必修3 Module 3＆Module 4外研社知识精讲

高三英语复习必修3 Module 3Module 4外研社【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Module 3 The Violence of Nature Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia复习回顾必修3 3&4模块的基础知识，使学生熟练掌握两模块中的词汇，短语和语法知识，并能将知识系统化。二. 知识点梳理（一）Key words：column n.，tornado n.，current n.，latitude n.，furniture n. ，equator n.，survivor n.，movement n.，sandstorm n.，sign n.，process n.，strength n.，substance n.，atmosphere n.，experience v.，destroy v.，affect v.，injure v.，occur v.，hit v.，strike v.，erupt v. flood v.，warn v.，happen v.，indicate v. blow v.，last v.，affect v.，forecast v.，cycle v.，melt v.，recycle v.，rotating adj. ，tropical adj. ，homeless adj. ，frightening adj. ，mass adj. ，inland adj. ，major adj. ，scary adj. ，environmental adj. ，（un）fortunately adv.，luckily adv.，absolutely adv.，extremely adv.，past prep. ，towards prep.（二）Useful phrases：of all time有史以来happen to发生在人身上pick up掘地，捡起put down放下take off拿掉on average平均起来end up结束wake up醒来pour down倾泻set fire to纵火烧catch fire着火manage to do设法做成某事put out熄灭take place发生return to回到go back to回去speak to对说话fall down倒下turn over打翻，翻身from side to side从一端到另一端cover an area of占面积in all总共preventfrom doing 阻止cut down砍倒dig up挖出be caught in淋雨wake up to醒来；认识到，意识到advise sb. （not）to do建议某人（不）做某事take in吸收give out分发，发出（气味、热等）in a nutshell简单地，简约地do ones best尽力look after照顾，关心take away带走if possible如果可能的话allow sb. to do允许某人干某事look through浏览have difficulty in doing做某事有困难（三）Important sentences1. v.-ing作主语2. attributive clause3. with复合结构（独立主格）4. makeitadj.（作宾语补足语）5. get/make/have/letsb.do让某人干某事（四）Grammar and usage1. 过去完成时2. 间接引语3. 动词不定式要点归纳一. 重点词汇：1. experience v. 经历；n.经验例句：You have had much experience in teaching English.你教英语有很多经验。Our country has experienced great changes in the past 30 years.我国在过去30年经历了巨大变化。He has no experience in cooking.煮饭烧菜他没有经验。He has many years experience of writing.他有多年的写作经验。【相关链接】（1）experienced adj. 有阅历的；有经验的。例句：He is experienced in looking after children.他有照料孩子的经验。（2）相关短语：by experience凭经验，从经验中例句：Experience is the mother of wisdom.谚经验乃智慧之母；实践出真知。Experience keeps no school，she teaches her pupils singly.谚只有亲自取得的经验才是经验。【真题链接】He has many years experience _ playing table tennis. （2020年郑州质检）A. of B. in C. about D. at解析：答案为A 表示某种经验时experience与介词in搭配，但是在experience前加上long, many years等时应与of搭配。2. destroy v.破坏；毁坏例句：The ancient manuscripts were destroyed by fire.古代手稿被大火吞噬了。【相关链接】辨析：destroy，damage，harm，hurt，wounddestroy毁灭，主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难恢复。例句：The heavy rain destroyed all hope of a picnic.大雨打破了野餐的一切希望。damage“损失”，主要用于物，表示部分的损失，一般可以恢复。例句：The heavy rain damaged many houses.大雨毁坏了许多房子。harm“伤害；损害”，常用于口语，指“肉体、精神、健康、工作”等方面均可。例句：I will go with her to make sure she comes to no harm.我要和她同去以免她受到伤害。hurt主要指精神上或肉体上的“创伤；损害”。例句：Nothing hurts more than a bad tooth.没有比牙痛更痛的了。wound指战争中的伤害。【真题链接】- What happened to the priceless works of art？- _.A. They were destroyed in the earthquakeB. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquakeD. The earthquake destroyed them解析：答案为A 句意为“那些无价的艺术品怎么样了？它们在地震中遭到了破坏。”问句虽然不是被动语态，但是其侧重点与被动语态相同，因此应选择destroy过去时的被动语态。而D项虽无语法错误，但是不符合特定的交际情景，不能选；故选AAfter the earthquake，we can see the _ of the village.A. ruin B. ruins C. damage D. destroy解析：答案为B the ruins of the village村庄的废墟。3. hit/strike v.打，撞击，冲击例句：She hit her hand against the wall.她用手捶着墙壁。She struck the desk with her knee.她的膝盖撞上了桌子。【相关链接】辨析：hit，strike，beat与knock这几个词都有“打”的意思。hit表示有目标的打，着重对某一点的“打中，击中”。例句：The stone hit the window.石块击中了窗户。strike表示突然地、一次性地“击”。例句：He was struck dead by lightening.他被雷电打死。beat表示“连续地打、拍”，“殴打、击败”。例句：He is alivehis heart is still beating.他还活着心脏还在跳。knock表示“敲、撞击、打”等，常与at/on/down/over等连用。例句：You should knock on/at the door before coming in the teachers office.你应该在进老师办公室时敲门。注意strike v.迷住n.罢工（常用短语：be on strike在罢工；go on strike举行罢工）例句：An idea suddenly struck me.我突然想出一个好主意来。They plan to go on strike for better working conditions.他们计划为改善工作条件而罢工。【真题链接】The financial crisis _ many Asian countries and it will take long time to become prosperous again. （2020年黄冈模拟）A. beat B. stroke C. hit D. spread解析：答案为C句意“金融危机席卷了很多亚洲国家，要想重新繁荣还要有待时日”。hit袭击，使遭受，作打击讲为常用词，强调动作强有力，beat重击，打击，心跳；strike用力敲打，动作迅速而突然，暗指使用了器械，（敲）钟响。4. occur v.发生，出现例句：Death occurred about midnight, the doctor says.医生说死亡时间大约是在半夜。【相关链接】（1）词义拓展：occur被想到，想起例句：It never, occurred to her to ask anyone.她从未想到问问他人。（2）词义辨析：occur, happen, take place, break outoccur它既指某事偶然发生，也指某事按计划发生，所指的时间和事件比较准确，当以具体事物或事件为主语时，可以与happen互换。happen指事情的发生带有偶然性和无预见性。take place一般指按照事先的安排或计划而发生，不能指偶然发生。break out主要指战争、天灾等的突然爆发。【真题链接】I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _. （2020年安徽卷）A. went；was occurringB. went；occurredC. was going；occurredD. was going；had occurred解析：答案为C句意：我正沿着街道寻找一个停车的地方，突然事故发生了。前一个动作应该用进行时，并且两个动作之间不强调时间的先后顺序，故选C。_，bird flu can do great harm to the people there. （2020年英语通模拟一）A. Occurring whereB. It occurs where it isC. Where does it occurD. Where it occurs解析：答案为D。此句是由where引导的地点状语从句。5. affect v.影响，感动，（疾病等）侵袭例句：Inflation affects the buying power of the dollar.通货膨胀影响美元的购买能力。He was affected by heat（cold）.他中暑（着凉）了。【相关链接】辨析：affect，effect和influenceaffect指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”，着重影响的动作，有时含有“对产生不利的影响”的意思。例句：The entire country was affected by the drought.全国都受到了旱灾的影响。effect作动词时，指“使（某事物）产生；使发生；引起”，着重“造成”一种特殊的效果。例句：This book effected a change in my opinion.effect作“影响”解时，通常用作名词，构成have an effect on“对有影响”。influence指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易察觉的、潜移默化的影响”。例句：Influenced by a high-school teacher, he took up the study of medicine.在一位中学生物老师的影响下，他从事了医学研究。【真题链接】The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism _ the wildlife in the area.（2020年上海卷）A. in B. on C. at D. with解析：答案为B。effect作名词时，意为“影响作用”时，既可以做可数名词又可以作不可数名词，后通常与介词on连用。6. last v.（1）持续（for）（2）支持（3）维持n.最后，末尾adj. （1）最后的（2）末尾的（3）最近的例句：How long do you think this fine weather will last？你看这样的好天气能持续多久？I thought her last book was one of her best.我认为她最近出版的那本书是她最佳的著作之一。I wouldnt marry you if you were the last person on earth.即使世上就剩下你一个人，我也不会和你结婚。【相关链接】at（the）last最后，终于the last but one倒数第二the last person/thing最不可能的，最想不到的人和事【真题链接】The evening news comes on at seven o clock and _ only thirty minutes.（2020年吉林）A. keeps B. continuesC. finishes D. lasts解析：答案为D。句意：晚间新闻每天7点开始，持续30分钟。last vi.持续7. mass adj. （1）群众的（2）大规模的n.（1）块（2）大多数（3）质量 （4）群众v.集合例句：mass production大宗生产There are masses of dark clouds in the sky.天上有朵朵乌云。The general massed his troops for a final attack.该将军把部队集结起来发动最后的攻击。【相关链接】in the mass大体而论mass media大众传媒the masses群众；社会下层人民the mass of大多数的（人）【真题链接】He has letters to answer. He has _ to work from morning to night.A. much B. a great deal ofC. masses of D. the number of解析：答案为C。A,B两项修饰不可数名词；D项指“的数量”。8. major v. 主修adj. （1）主要的（2）年长的，大的例句：She majored in math and physics at university.她在大学主修数学和物理。We have encountered major problems.我们遇到大问题了。【相关链接】majority n.大多数，大部分例句：A/The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.大部分人似乎喜欢看电视不喜欢听收音机。【真题链接】The majority of people _ like watching football games.（2020年潍坊模拟）A. seem B. seems C. seem to D. seems to解析：答案为C本题考查majority作主语时的谓语动词的数。这里of后的名词people为可数名词，谓语动词要用复数。又因seem后接动词不定式。二. 重点词组：1. pick up （1）捡起，举起，获得（2）加快速度等（3）恢复，好转（4）用车接某人（5）通过实践学会（外语、技术等）（6）收听例句：The performance started badly but picked up towards the end.演出开始很差，近结尾处就好多了。He picked up a hitch-hiker.他中途让个搭便车的人上了车。She soon picked up French when she went to live in France.她到法国居住后很快就学会了法语。相关短语：pick off摘下来pick ones pocket扒某人的口袋pick out选出，选拔【真题链接】She _ Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely. （2020年福建卷）A. picked out B. made outC. make up D. picked up解析：答案为D。pick up在这里的含义为“通过实践学会语言”。Although there were so many people in the square, I could _ my friend. （2020年青岛）A. pick up B. pick outC. make up D. set out解析：答案为B题意为“认出朋友”。pick up捡起；搭载；make up组成；弥补；set out动身，均不符合题意。2. put down放下；记下；削减；拒绝；镇压；让某人下车；把某事归结为另一事物例句：I am having a party next Saturday；put it down in your dairy so you dont forget.本星期六我有个聚会；把这事记在你的日记本上，以免忘了。【相关链接】中学阶段常见的“put介词副词”的短语有：put aside 节省（钱、时间）；把放在一边put away 收拾；储存（钱）；喝掉put back 时钟向后拨；放回原处；拖延put out 熄灭put forward 提出意见、建议；推荐；把时钟向前拨put off 延期put up 举起；张贴；为提供食宿put through 接通电话【真题链接】Before the war broke out，many people _ in safe places possessions they could not take with them. （2020年重庆卷）A. threw away B. put awayC. gave away D. carried away解析：答案为B战争爆发前，好多人把一些不能带走的东西存放在安全的地方。put away储存，存放。_ into use in April 2000，the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. （2020年上海卷）A. Put B. PuttingC. Having put D. Being put解析：答案为A put sth. into use“让投入使用”，显然, put和句子的主语the hotline构成被动关系，所以用表示被动的过去分词。3. speak to对说话；说到；责备；证明例句：I was speaking to him only yesterday.昨天我还跟他说过话呢。Your children are disturbing my wife；can you speak to them，please？你的孩子吵得我妻子不得安宁，请说说他们好吗？【相关链接】（1）相关短语：speak ill/highly of sb. 说某人坏话对某人高度赞扬generally speaking一般来说（悬垂分词）（2）常用悬垂分词：exactly speaking确切地说frankly speaking坦白地说personally speaking就我个人而言judging from.从判断【真题链接】Dont worry，she is accustomed to _ like that.A. be spoken B. being spokenC. speak D. being spoken to解析：答案为D be accustomed to中to是介词。speak to sb. “与某人说话”。_，the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. （2020年全国卷11）A. General speakingB. Speaking generalC. Generally speakingD. Speaking generally解析：答案为C generally speaking为固定句型，意为：一般说来。4. cover an area of 占地例句：I was born in a small town covering an area of 50 square kilometers.我出生于一个占地50平方公里的小城。【相关链接】cover v.（1）覆盖（2）涉及（3）（钱等）够用（4）走（一段路程）（5）报道例句：Her lectures covered the subject thoroughly.她的演讲对这个问题阐述得很透彻。Two reporters covered the news story.两名记者负责报导这则新闻。【真题链接】The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert. （2020年湖南卷）A. covering B. coveredC. cover D. to cover解析：答案为A 本题主要考查谓语动词之现在分词作定语的用法。a soft orange blanket与cover存在主谓关系，相当于which/that covered；而不定式作定语一般表示将要发生的动作，答案D误选率较高。5. prevent . from doing.阻止做例句：What（Who）prevented him from going?什么事（谁）阻止了他去？【相关链接】（1）prevent/ stop/keep sb. from doing阻止某人干某事（2）protect sb. /sth. from doing/sth.保护不受侵害（3）注意：作为阻止某人干某事时，用prevent和stop时，from可以省略（被动语态里不可以省略）；用keep时不可以省略，keep doing意为“继续做某事，持续做某事”.【真题链接】The bad weather prevented us _ the project on time. （2020年潍坊模拟）A. to complete B. completedC. completingD. from completing6. advise sb. （not）to do sth. 建议某人（不要）做某事例句：The doctor advised me to take a complete rest.医生让我完全休息。【相关链接】advise （sb. ）against sth. /doing sth.劝告，忠告，建议例句：They advised her against marrying quickly.他们劝她不要太快结婚。I d advise taking a different approach.我建议换个方式。advisethat（should）动词原形例句：We advised that they should start early.我们建议他们应该及早开始。【真题链接】I _ him to give up smoking，but I failed.A. preferred B. hopedC. advised D. suggested解析：答案为C。以上四个选项中，能够用v. sb. to do sth.这一结构的只有A，C两项，但从意义上看，C项为最佳答案。【模拟试题】单项选择1. Mr. Smith, you are fined for speeding. Please sign here.Fined? Speeding? _A. Are you all right? B. You cant be serious!C. Im a foreigner. D. It doesnt matter.2. _ person like him wont be satisfied with _ little progress that he has made.A. The; a B. The; / C. A; / D. A; the3. Only ticket-holders were _ to the stadium for the concert given by Jay Chou, so many of his fans were turned away.A. allowed B. permitted C. agreed D. admitted4. When can I use your computer?Never! _ should you touch it.A. At no time B. In no time C. At any time D. At one time5. _ seems to be a strong competition in China for senior high students to enter college or university.A. It B. There C. What D. That6. I had wanted to help you last night but I couldnt spare any time, for I _ a composition which I have to hand in this morning.A. wrote B. was writing C. had written D. have written7. Will you lend me some paper?Sorry, mine_.A. is running out of B. has been run outC. has run out D. has run out of8. We wonder if there is any possibility of the statistics _ as soon as possible.A. to be analyzed B. being analyzedC. analyzing D. to analyze9. How long do you think it will be _ the computer company puts forward a new product?A. before B. since C. until D. that10. You cant attend the party tonight because it is stormy. _, you still havent got over your high fever.A. Therefore B. HoweverC. Moreover D. Somehow11. How did you feel when Liu Xiang won the gold medal in Osaka?I couldnt be _.A. very excited B. more excited C. most excited D. less excited12. Traditionally, Chinese people _ the Chinese characters Double Happiness and stick them onto walls or doors for weddings.A. cut out B. cut off C. cut up D. cut down13. Is that the small company you often refer to?Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years.A. that B. which C. where D. as14. What a pity! I _ in Hainan two more days, but something urgent needed to be dealt with back home.A. must have stayed B. neednt have stayedC. may have stayed D. could have stayed15. _ to their own work, most of the parents spend little time with their children.A. Devoting B. To be devotedC. Having devoted D. Devoted完形填空An eight-year-old child heard her parents talking about her little brother. All she knew was that he was very sick and they had no _16_ left. When she heard her daddy say to her _17_ mother, “Only a miracle（奇迹）can save him now”, the little girl went to her bedroom and took out her piggy bank. She _18_ all the change out on the floor and counted it carefully. Then she _19_ her way six blocks to the local drugstore.“And what do you want?” asked the chemist.“Its _20_ my little brother,” the girl answered back. “Hes really, really sick and I want to get a _21_. His name is Andrew and he has something _22_ growing inside his head and my daddy says only a miracle can save him.”“We dont _23_ miracles here, child. Im sorry,” the chemist said, smiling _24_ at the little girl.In the shop was a _25_ customer. He bent down and asked the little girl, “What kind of miracle does your brother _26_?”“I dont know,” she replied. “Hes really sick and mommy says he needs a（n）_27_. But my daddy cant pay for it, so I have brought my _28_.”“How much do you have?” asked the man.“One dollar and eleven cents, _29_ I can try and get some more,” she answered quietly.“Well, what a coincidence（巧合）,” smiled the man. “A dollar and eleven centsthe _30_ price of a miracle for your little brother. _31_ me to where you live. I want to see your brother and _32_ your parents.”That well-dressed man was Dr Carlton Armstrong, a surgeon（外科医生）. The operation was completed _33_ and before long Andrew was _34_ again.The little girl was happy. She knew exactly how much the miracle _35_ . one dollar and eleven cents . plus the faith of a little child.16. A. time B. medicine C. money D. food17. A. tearful B. hopeful C. helpful D. regretful18. A. emptied B. pulled C. put D. poured19. A. followedB. made C. felt D. found20. A. with B. about C. for D. from21. A. drink B. doctor C. tablet D. miracle22. A. bad B. small C. extra D. new23. A. display B. offer C. sell D. store24. A. calmly B. sadly C. strangely D. coldly25. A. well-dressed B. kind-hearted C. well-behaved D. good-looking26. A. have B. need C. make D. like27. A. companion B. surgeon C. protection D. operation28. A. savings B. wishes C. ideas D. worries29. A. because B. so C. though D. but30. A. same B. exact C. proper D. reasonable31. A. Bring B. Send C. Take D. Drive32. A. help B. encourage C. persuade D. meet33. A. surprisingly B. secretly C. successfully D. separately34. A. happy B. well C. strong D. fat35. A. meant B. covered C. measured D. cost阅读理解AMany cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.However, today, more and more consumers are choosing “green” and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment. Before they buy a product, they ask questions like these: “Will this shampoo damage the environment?” “Can this metal container be reused or can it only be used once?”A recent study showed that two out of five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it. This means that companies must now change the way they make and sell their products to make sure that they are “green”, that is, friendly to the environment.Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products carry labels to show that the product is green. Some companies have made the manufacturing （生产）of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.The concern for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business. No longer will the public accept the old attitude of “Buy it, use it, throw it away, and forget it”. The public pressure is on, and gradua