高二英语Unit 12—Fact and Fantasy （I）人教版

高二英语高二英语 UnitUnit 1212FactFact andand FantasyFantasy （I I）人教版人教版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： Unit 12Fact and Fantasy （I） 二. 重点词汇的用法： 难点句的解析（I） 三. 知识总结与归纳： （一）单元内容介绍与学习要点： 1. 单元主题：“事实与幻想” ，内容涉及到“科学数据，科学发明，科幻小说” 等。 2. 阅读材料： （1）以“儒勒凡尔纳科幻小说之父”为题，介绍了他的作品海底两 万里以及地心游记的主要内容 （2）介绍了小说 Frankenstein 的部分情节。 3. 语言学习：掌握一些常见的词汇前缀和后缀的知识。 4. 学习要求： （1）掌握词汇表内的单词读音，词义以及部分重点词汇或短语的用法。 （2）理解两篇阅读材料的内容，通过对文章中一些难点句子的结构分析，准 确理解句子意思，掌握句子中一些重要的短语和句型，复习句中所含的重要语法结 构。 （特别是课文里出现的一些非谓语动词结构的句子） 。 （二）重点单词，短语的用法： 1. belief：信心，信念，信仰。 religious / political beliefs belief in sth. / sb. I admire his passionate belief in what he is doing. belief that She acted in the belief that she was doing good. 2. make a living：谋生。还可以表达为：earn / gain / get / a（ones） living ; living 在这里表示：“生计，营生”前面加：a / an /ones. To make a living, Verne had to write She earns her living by growing flowers. He makes a good living as a designer. 作为名词：living 还可以表示：“生存，生活” ，是不可数名词。 The standard of living in poor country is very low. 3. apply：应用，运用，申请，请求， 形容词形式：applied He used the latest hours in Paris libraries studying botany, applied science and many other subjects. apply for sth. / apply to do sth. apply for job / course He has applied to go to the Army. apply 的其他意思：有关；勤奋；涂抹；手压或脚踩： Apply the scream sparingly to your face and neck. We applied our minds to finding a solution to our problem. Special conditions apply if you are under 18. Pressure applied to the wound will stop bleeding. 4. set out：出发，着手，开始，尝试；后面接不定式结构； Dr. Aronnax, his servant and a Canadian whale hunter set out to find the monster. Sam set out to improve efficiency but his plans turned out not quite as he had expected. Half an hour later, I set out again on my journey. 注意其他短语：set about：着手开始做某事；后面接 doing She set about doing her homework after supper. 5. aboard：在（船，飞机，车）上；上船；登机；常见的短语：on board All that is needed for life on board comes from the ocean. They were taken on board and Captain Nemo decides not to kill them. As soon as Im board, I always feel sick. 注意：aboard:作介词或副词，相当于 on board: The boat is ready to leave. All aboard! 6. throw light upon：阐明某事，提供线索；可以说：cast light on / upon I read all the books I could find that threw light upon these matter. The diary throws an interesting light on the events in this novel last point. 7. cut up：切碎，剪碎 I collected bones from graves and cut up dead bodies. Many of my materials come from butcher shops and hospital. 注意其他 cut 短语：cut down：砍倒； cut off：切断；cut out：熄火；删 除；剪下 四. 难点句解析： 1. Do you think therell be a time when we can beat all diseases ? 你认为将来我们会不会有战胜所有疾病的时候。 Time 在此是可数名词，表示：与某种经历相关的时期或特定时期。when we can beat all diseases 作为定语从句修饰 time. The story happened at a time when there were still slaves in the USA. 与 time 有关的一些短语有：at a time：一次； at one time：曾经； in modern times：现代。 2. Many of the instruments in his novel will remind the reader of Dr Benjamin Franklins experiments with electricity. 他的小说中许多设备会使读者想到 Benjamin Franklin 博士所做的有关电的实 验。 remind the reader of Dr Benjamin Franklins experiments with electricity： remind sb. of sth.：提醒某人 使某人想起 I was reminded of my promise This reminds me of what we did together during the holiday. remind 的其他结构有：remind sb. that. / remind sb. to do That reminds me that I must write to him. I remind him to work hard. 3. By taking the scientific developments of his day one step further, Jules Verne laid the foundation of modern science fiction. 通过将他所处时代的科学发展向前推进一步，Jules Verne 奠定了现代科幻小 说的基础。 by + doing：通过做的方式 takeone step further：把推进一步 Critics want the government to take this one step further and ban the film altogether. lay the foundation of .：奠定的基础。ay（laid；laid）：放置， 铺设；在此引申为“奠定” His ten years in America laid the foundation of his career. 4. He suggested how inventions could be used in the future to allow man to do things that were considered impossible in his own time. 他还提议将来如何用发明来使人类作出他那个时代被认为是不可能的事情。 that were considered impossible in his own time：定语从句修饰 things suggest 在此表示：提议，后面的宾语从句用正常的陈述语气。 当 suggest 表示：建议。后面的从句用虚拟语气结构：should do / should be done 比较：I suggest ed to him that he should join the club. Miss Brown suggested that the proposal had not been put forward at the meeting Last Monday. suggest 的其他用法：suggest doing:建议做某事； suggest：暗示；透露； 使想起； May I suggest going there by train ? What does the word “black” suggest to you ? The white look on his face suggested that he was ill. 5. ships are disappearing all over the world and it is believed to be caused by a sea monster. 世界上所有的船只都消失了，人们认为是由海里的一种怪兽造成的。 句型 it is believed to do / that：人们认为 类似结构还有：its said that; Its reported; Its suggested / hoped that或：主语+be said / reported / suggested to The prices of computers are said to go further down. Its reported that twenty people have been killed in that bus accident. 注意：这里用的时态是现在时，这是描述小说或电影情节常用的时态。 6. In the efforts to survive, they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself, which turns out to be a submarine. 在他们努力求生时，他们发现自己竟然在怪兽的身体表面上，原来怪兽是一艘 潜艇。 which turns out to be a submarine 定语从句修饰 the monster itself turn out：后接不定式结构表示：结果是 Though it looked like rain this morning, it has turned out to be a fine day. 7. Dressed in diving suits, Captain Nemo and his guests walk around in this magic world, lighted by the lamps of the ship. They found themselves surrounded by colorful rocks, fishes, seashells and plants, all waving and moving slowly in the blue waters. 他们穿着潜水服行走在这神奇的世界里，船上的灯为他们照明，他们发现周围 是五彩缤纷的岩石，鱼儿，贝类以及水草。他们在蓝蓝的海洋里随波起伏，慢慢地 移动。 注意句子中的几处非谓语动词结构的作用： Dressed in diving suits 过去分词短语做伴随状语表示 Captain Nemo and his guests 的状态。 lighted by the lamps of the ship 过去分词短语做定语修饰 this magic world surrounded by过去分词短语做宾语 themselves 的补足语，具有被动意义。 all waving and moving slowly in the blue waters 为独立主格形式：名词 +分词短语（doing / done） ，做伴随状语，名词/代词：all 为现在分词短语 waving and moving slowly in the blue waters 的逻辑主语。 课文中其他含有分词短语结构的句子： Passing through layers of coal and marble they go deeper and deeper. They drink water from the boiling underground river In the end, their raft is drawn into a fast stream and with ever increasing speed they are shot out of the volcano in southern Italy 【典型例题】 一. 单项选择： 1. After breakfast, my classmates and I set out _ HongXing farm and received a warm welcome. A. to B. on C. for D. towards 答案：C 分析：set out for 出发到某地去， 2. Zheng He succeeded in making a _ across the Indian Ocean for the purpose of developing the relationship with the other countries. A. travel B. voyage C. journey D. tour 答案：B 分析：voyage 多指海上的航行 3. Nowadays mone and more graduates go to _ positions in western areas. A. ask for B. apply for C. demand D. request 答案：B 分析：apply for 申请。 4. Because the river was polluted, the water supply of Harbin was _ for the moment. A. cut down B. cut off C. cut out D. cut up 答案：B 分析：cut down 砍倒；减少；cut off 分开；切断供应；切下；cut out 删掉； 停止；剪掉；cut up 切碎。 5. In order to take their service one step _, the company wants to introduce a new program. A. forwards B. further C. better D. more 答案：B 分析：takeone step further 进一步推动。 6. A light plane with four people _ crashed last night. A. on board B. on a boardC on the board D. on aboard 答案：A 分析：on board 意为“在（飞机，船、火车）上” 二. 翻译句子： 1. 曾经有一阵子这种音乐很流行。 2. 这张照片使我想起了我们在夏令营里度过的日子。 3. 考虑到他的经济条件，他对于要不要送儿子进大学仍然犹豫不决。 4. 我在你这个年龄时，早已开始谋生了。 5. 他以他的勤奋奠定了成功的基础。 答案： 1. There was a time when this kind of music was very popular. 2. This photo reminds me of the days that we spent in the summer camp. 3. Considering his economical condition, hes still hesitating about sending his son to college. 4. When I was of your age, I had already started to work for a living. 5. He laid the foundation of his success on his hardworking. 【模拟试题】 （答题时间：60 分钟） 一. 单项选择： 1. China is a _ member of the UN Security Council（联合国安理会）. A. forever B. long-lastingC. usual D. permanent 2. Fortunately, the scientist lived m see his dream _. A. came true B. come trueC. became tree D. become true 3. Dont _ to contact me if you need any more information. A. sorry B. apologize C. dislike D. hesitate 4. When you are at the top of file tower, you can get a whole _ of the city. A. sight B. view C. point D. scene 5. What they found out threw _ upon who stole the money. A. a light B. light C. much fight D. lights 6. We collected the money _ to build a primary school here. A. with which B, which C. for; which D. with that 7. It _ that the man we signed an agreement with was a cheat. A. was turned out B. turned out C. turned to be D. has been turned out 二. 翻译句子： 1. 这种病被认为是空气污染造成的。 2. 他的小说里的许多故事会使读者想到旧中国的样子。 3. 通过大量阅读名著，他打下了很好的文学基础。 4. 如果天气允许，天亮时分船将出发去海岛。 5. 直到他上了火车我才离开车站。 三. 翻译句子： 1. This kind of disease is believed to be caused by the air pollution. 2. Many of the stories in his novel will remind the reader of what the old China was like 3. By reading so many famous writings, he laid the good foundation of literature. 4. Weather permitting, the ship will set out for the island at dawn. 5. I didnt leave the station until she got on board the train. 四. 阅读理解： A Wind is the great maker of waves. There are exceptions, such as the tidal（潮汐的）waves sometimes produced by earth-quakes under the sea. But the waves most of us know are produced by winds blowing over the sea. Now before constructing an imaginary life history of a typical wave, we need to know certain physical things about it. A wave has height, from trough（low point）to crest（high point）. It has length-the distance from this crest to that of the following wave. The period of the wave means the time it takes for succeeding crests to pass a fixed point. None of these things stays the same-for all depend upon the wind, upon the depth of the water and many other matters. The water that makes up a wave does not advance with it across the sea. Each drop of water turns around in a little circle with the passing of the wave, but returns very nearly to its original position. And it is fortunate that this is so. For if the huge masses of water that make up a wave actually moved across the sea, sailing would be impossible. If we want to find the speed of a wave we may use the following way: Speed= wavelength X frequency Here, wavelength is the distance between two high points（crests）, frequency means the number of cycles per second. 1. What causes waves? A. Earthquakes and nothing else. B. Only wind. C. Wind causes most waves. D. Wind causes some waves. 2. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The water of a wave moves away across the sea. B. The water of a wave remains almost at the same place. C. The water of a wave goes with the passing of the wave. D. The length of a wave means the distance from the top of a wave to the bottom. 3. The speed of Wave 1 is 100 cm/s, frequency 10. The frequency of wave 2 is 300, while its speed is twice that of wave 1. Which of the following is right? A. The wavelengths of the two are equal. B. The wavelength of Wave 1 is 10 times longer than that of Wave 2. C. The wavelength of Wave 2 is longer than that of Wave 1. D. The wavelength of Wave 1 is longer than that of Wave 2. B There are about 22 million non-European Americans, mainly Black Americans, Red Indians, Latin Americans and other peoples. The Red Indians number about 600,000. They are the natives of America. They look somewhat like Tibetans. They are not red, but brown. They were called Indians by mistake. When Columbus landed in the New World in 1492, he thought he had landed in India and called the people Indians. The Black people had a sad history. Nearly all of them are descendants（后裔）of Africans brought from Africa to America sold as slaves in the 17th and 18th centuries. Today, they are about 21 million in number or 11 percent of total American population. Most of them lived in the South till the 1930s and since then more and more were leaving the South to look for work in the industrial North. Today, 60 percent of Black Americans live in New York, Chicago and other big cities. Mexicans who belong to Latin Americans are the 2nd biggest minority nationality. Most of them are immigrant（移民）farm workers. The Puerto Ricans, from the island of Puerto Rica off the coast of Florida, live mostly in the slums（贫民窟）of big cities like New York and Chicago. These two peoples like the Afro-Americans mostly live below the poverty line. There are Chinese people living in America, tooalmost a quarter of million（the exact figure is 236,000）. Many of them went to America about 100 years ago to build the railways there. They suffered a great deal. Today, most Chinese Americans live in California（a state facing the Pacific Ocean）and New York, and also in Hawaii, and archipelago（群 岛）in the mid-Pacific, which is counted as the 50th state of the U. S. A. 1. Which of the following shows the right relationship among the population of American minorities? A. American natives Blacks MexicansChinese B. Red IndiansAfro-AmericansChinese C. Blacks Mexicans European Americans American Indians D. Black Americans Mexicans Indians Chinese 2. Which of the following shows the right historical order? a. The Afro-Americans were brought to American. b. Lots of Chinese people built the railways in the U. S. A. c. Columbus found the New World. d. Hawaii became one of the states of the U. S. A. e. The Black Americans left the South for the North. A. cabed B. cbeda C. aecdb D. dcbae 3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Puerto Rica is among the 50 states of the U. S. A. B. Columbus was the first to call American Indians Red Indians. C. Most of the American minorities used to live a happy life. D. Black Americans and Puerto Ricans have begun to move from the countryside to big cities. 4. Which of the following maps gives the fight positions of the given places? （CCalifornia；FFlorida；HHawaii；NNew York：PPuerto Rica Island） 参考答案 一. 单项选择： 1. D permanent 在此意为“常任的