2020高考英语考前冲刺Ⅲ专题01 冠词和名词

2020考前冲刺英语专题01 冠词和名词 【高考预测】1.名词词组以及普通名词在具体语境中的运用2.名词的可数和不可数3.名词作定语和在一些固定短语中的用法4.冠词常见的习惯搭配用法和部分物质名词、抽象名词具体化之后的冠词用法5.名词作直接定语与名词所有格作定语的区别6.名词作定语和其同根的形容词作定语的区别7.冠词在固定短语中的有无问题【易错点点睛】易错点点睛1 名词词组以及普通名词在具体语境中的运用1.(2020精选模拟) The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has all over the country.A. companies B. branches C. organizations D. businesses【错误解答】 A或D【正确解答】 B3.(2020精选模拟) The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles.A. length B. distance C. way D. space【错误解答】 A或D【错解分析】 名词按意义可划分为普通名词和专有名词。这道题主要是要辨清四个名词的具体含义。length长度；distance距离；way道路，方法；space空间，太空。结构“a distance of + 数字”来表示“有的距离”。【正确解答】 B4.(2020精选模拟)In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the in personality.A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict【错误解答】 B天才，才能；character品性，性格，品度。根据句意应该是指和别人共同工作时的性格，因此填Characler.【正确解答】 D【特别提醒】1.英语中专有名词是指个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等所有的名称，如Asiathe Nile，China，THE Great Wall.普通名词(一般可为数)，表示一类的人或物的个体，如:car ，book，student等;集体名词(一般为不可数)，表示一群人或一类物的集合体，如jewelry，class，majority等;抽象名词(一般为不可数)，表示品质、行为、状态、感情或其他抽象 概念如 danger，anger，friendship，encouragement等；物质名词(一般为不可数)，表示无法分为个体的实物，如salt，water，coffee，silk等。2.名词词组一般由一个中心名词来构成，如：the World Cup，a woman teacher，thje blind 等。也可台是“限定词+前置修饰词中心词+后置修饰语”来构成，如：a four milestrip 或a four-mile trip，a son in-law 等。【变式探究】1 Flight BA 123 to Vienna is now boarding at _A. Gate 21 B. 21st Gate C. the Gate 21 D. 21 Gate答案: A解析:Gate 21指21号门，也可说the 21st Gate.2 Hi, this way, please.OK. I sometimes have no sense of when I arrive at the cross road.A. position B. direction C. situation D. condition答案: B解析:强调不是天然生长的，而是“人工的、人 造的。”易错点点睛2 名词的可数和不可数1.(2020精选模拟)The young dancers looked so channing in their beautiful clothes that we took pictures of them.A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large number of【错误解答】 A3. I have done much of the work. Could you please finish in two days?A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others【错误解答】 B或D【错解分析】根据语境要取代的是前文的不可数名词 work当“工作”讲时，是不可数名词；但当“著作”讲时，是可数名词，在此句中要用复数形式。【正确解答】 A【特别提醒】【变式探究】易错点点睛3 名作定语和在一些固定短语中的用法1.(2020精选模拟)Your fluency in Chinese gives you an advantage _ the other candidates for the job.A. for B. with C. than D. over【错误解答】 C【错解分析】 此题看上去是介词或连词的选择，实际是对名词advantage用法的考查。如果单纯从汉语思维角度来理解，很可能认为“比别人怎么样”用than，实际上短语have an advantage over 是“比具有优势”的意思，是固定搭配。【正确解答】 D2.(2020精选模拟)He got to the station early, missing his train.A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of 【错误解答】 Ahave more students.A. for the moment B. on the momentC. in a moment D. for a moment【错误解答】 C【错解分析】 本题考查短语的意义和用法。For the moment目前，暂时;in a moment马上，立刻;for a moment 片刻，一会儿。根据题意，应该填for the moment.【正确解答】 A【特别提醒】1.作直接定语的中词一般是表示 时间、地点、材料和类别的名词。如:summer school ,streer lights,paper money,coffee cup,women doctors.当名词作直接定语时应该注意以下几个问题。(1)名词作直接定语时一般 用单数，例如:a book srore ,a traffic light,a ticket office,a bus driver ,aboy friend,它们的复数形式分别是 book stores,traffic lights,ticket offices,bus drivers,boy friends.但是man ,woman作定语时，要与所修饰的名词汇的数保持一致。例如: a man teacher ,这绵复数形式是men teachers.(2)某些常有用复数形工的名词作直接定语旱也用复数。例如:a goods train,a cloths shop,a sales department,a sports field,a news reporter等(3)名词固定短语常有出现在英语考试试题如单选、完形填空、单词拼写和短文改错中。尤其是一些动宾关系的固定搭配。在复习中要注意积累。例如:You can take as many as you like because they are free of .A.charge B.fare C.money D.pay此题的答案选 A.be free of charge 是固定用法，意思是“免费”。【变式探究】1 Some plants can take in carbon dioxide we breathe out and give out _ oxygen to ns.A. in case B. in turn C. in return D. in addition易错点点睛4 冠词常见的习惯搭配用法和部分物质名词、抽象名词具体化之后的冠词用法1 .After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ ride to _ _ Capital Airport.A. the; a B.a; the C./; a D./; the【错误解答】D【错解分析】 本题是考查冠词的基本用法。名词ride这里是表示“搭乘”的含义，是可数名词；后者是由普通名词，通常有定冠词。【正确解答】 B2.(2020精选模拟): It is _ world of wonders,world where anything can happen.A.a; the B.a; a C. the; a D./; /【错误解答】 A【错解分析】 一般来说，第二次出现的名词前用定冠词，所以会错选A但这里world都是泛指，根据语境“这是一个充满奇迹的世界，一个任何事情都可能发生的世界。”应该用不定冠词。【正确解答】 B3.(2020精选模拟)The most important thing about cotton in history is _ part that it played in Industrial Revolution.A./;/ B. the;/ C. the; the D.a; the【错误解答】 A【错解分析】 本题考查冠词的用法。Leave the ciry 离开了他所住的那座城市，是特指。星期前还常不用冠词，但本题中a mondqy 表示统指，表示某个星期一。【正确解答】 D【特别提醒】1.不定冠词一般有any或one 的意思，但不强调数目概念，只用来指事物，说明其名称或种类。(1) 泛指人、事、物的类别。例如:A plane is a machine than can fly .(泛指飞机)(2)泛指某人或某物。例如:Mary was a teacher in our school .(泛指教师)(3)表示one,every 或per的意义。例如:My father studies Japanese four hours a day .(相当于per)(4)在某些固定短语中。例如:A. have a swim/walk/talk/dance/look/quarrelB. have a cold, have a good time, keep a diary,in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, for a while,once up on a time, all of a sudden, tell a lie, do sb. a favor, at a mouthful, at a distance.2.定冠词的习惯用法(1)用在姓氏复数形式前表示一家人。例如:The Greens are at table.(格林一家人)(2)用在年代、朝代、时代名词前。例如:the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, in the 2020s(3)用在作为课程或演奏等的乐器名称前。例如:注意: play the piano 和 have a piano(4)用在表示计量单位的名词前。例如:by the hour(按小时) ;by the dozen (论打); by the yard (按码)(5)用在方向名词和某些表示时间的名词前。例如:on the left/fight, in the east/west,in the evening, on the other hand, in the end,in the daytime3.使用冠词的注意事项。(1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、称呼语、头衔、职务、季节、月份、 B. Chinese s French 但 the Chinese language.(4)注意有些短语没有冠词时在意义上的区别。sit at table 吃饭，sit at the table 坐在桌旁，be in charge of 负责，be in charge of 在掌管之下take place 发生，take the plac 代替in possession of 拥有，in the possession of 为所有in the sight of 看得见，in the sight of 据的见解in place of 代替，in place of 在的地方be of age成年，be of an age take advice 同龄take the advice 征求意见；take the advice 听从劝告out of question 不成问题，out of the question 根本不可能make beds 制作床，make the bed 整理床铺in the eyes of sb.在某人韵心目中，在某人看来【变式探究】1 He has _ great interest in history, especially in_ _ history of Tang Dynasty.A.a; the B.a; / C./; the D./; a答案: A解析:前者a most beautiful相当于very；后者a second表示“又一次”。4 After the 1980s, the west be came Godlike to many Chinese be cause of Westermerswealth, and freedom to do.A. ; B. the; the C. the; D. ; the答案: D【解析】 表示类别时用名词直接作定语还是用名词所有格作定语，要遵循英语习惯，这要靠平时的积累。例如:a peasant family(peasant习惯用名词直接作定语)农民家庭；a workers family(worker 习惯用名词所有格作定语)工人家庭。有些是可以并存的，但含义不同，例如:the woman teacher这位女教师 the womans teacher这位妇女的老师。the boyfnend男朋友；the boys friend这个男孩的朋友。【答案】 B难点2 名词作定语和其同根的形容词作定语的区别2. When we are in France, China is an _ country.A. east B. easter C. eastward D. eastern【解析】 east东方，东部；eastern country指东方国家。名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或功能，但其同根的形容词作定语主要用来说明所修饰的名词的性质、状态或特征。例如:a Wood shed木料棚(用来放木料的棚子)。Gold ring 金戒指(表示戒的内容)；golden sun 金色的太阳(表示太阳的特征)。【答案】 D难点3 冠词在固定短语中的有无问题3. I didnt expect that Tom would _ my failure to a chieve his own goal.A. make use of B. make the most ofC. take advantage of D. take the advantage of【解析】 英语中有些短语中没有冠词，如选项A(利用)；有些须有定冠词，如选项B(最大程度的利用)，而短语takeadvantage。f(为了自己的利益而对某人或某事加以利用)是没有冠词的，需要在学习中注意积累。【答案】 C【变式探究】1 This set of golf clubs was sent by _ .A. a friend of my father B. my fathers friend C. my father friends D. a friend of my fathers答案: D【典型习题导练】I.单项选择1 Mans first walk on the moon was a staring technological .A. success B. achievementC. succession D. accomplishment答案: B解析:success(指通过努力取得令人满意的)成就； achievement(不顾困难，连续努力所取得的)成就。2 Everyones application for the job must be sent in one week .A. beforehand B. ahead of timeC. in advance D. as early as possible答案: C解析:in advance预先，含超前的意思；ahead of time 提前；beforehand预先，强调事前；选项D表示“尽早”的意思。3 When he was a student, his father gave him a monthly _ _ towards his expense.A. salary B. allowance C. wage D. money答案: B解析:allowance津贴。4 You have the _ _ of working hard and being successful or not working hard and being unsuccessful.A. selection B. choice C. alternative D. option8 Who is the authority _ to the subject?A. in B. of C. over D. on答案: D解析:固定搭配。9 Im in my _ that he is a good manager.A. behavior B. believeC. beloved D. belief答案: D解析:in ones belief相信某物某人。10 I had no choice but to receive part of my previous lecture those who had been absent from some classes.A. for the benefit of B. on purposeC. in return for D. on the pretext of答案: A解析:意思是“为了”。选项B，故意地；选项 C，作为的报答；选项D，以为借口。11 Now we can pick up _ _ weather information from _ new type of_ _ weather satellite.A. the; a; / B. /; the; the C./; a; / D./; a; a答案: C15 The radiation of uranium was then regarded as secret of nature.A.a; the B.a; a C. the; the D. a; /答案: D解析:前者表示某种，泛指；nature大自然，不可数名词。16 Some of the passengers told the reporters about their_ _ in the burning train.A. details B. trips C. events D. experiences答案: D解析:这里experience是指“经历”，可数名词。17 It is _ _ great pleasure to go to _ _ cinema after a weeks hard work.A. a; the B. the; aC. a; a D. the; the答案: A解析:前者抽象名词具体化，后者go to the cinema 是习惯说法。18 Thank you for sending us _ fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us _ great service.A./; a B. the; a C./; / D. the;/答案: A8.A 解析:复数名词vegetables泛指，不用冠词；do sb.a service是固定搭配，意为“对有帮助/好处”。19 We stood at the top of the mountain _ east of the city, watching _ burning sun rising.A. /; a B. the; a C. the; the D. /; the答案: A23 As a result of the heavy snow, the highway has been closed up until further .A. news B. informationC. notice D. message答案: C24 $ 500 ,but that is my last offer.OK, it is a_ .A. cost B. price C. reward D. deal答案: D解析:Its a deal:I agree to your terms.25 These boxes are too heavy for me to move.Here, Ill give you a hand them.A. for B. to C. with D. by答案: C解析:短语give a hand to sb. give sb.a hand表示“给某人帮助”的意思。26 Those football players had no strict _ _ until they joined our club.A. practice B. educationC. training D. exercise答案: C29 The building of that school was completed in August of 典型例题t in September,A. /; the B. the; theC./; / D. the; /答案: D30 He walked up to cupboard near the wall and reached out for second tube.A. the; / B. the; aC.a; a D./; a答案: B解析:后者是“又一支试管”的意思。31 Excuse me, are you going to buy_ book?Well, I need it for _ class but it is too expensive.A. the; a B.a; the C.a: / D./; the答案: A解析:前者是特指双方都知道的书。32 _ way to understands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation.A. The; the B. One; aC. A; the D. The; /答案: B解析:后者抽象名词knowledge具体化。33 What did you think of _ president?I didnt care for him at first, but after _time I got to like him.A. the; a B. /; the C. the; the D. /; a答案: A解析:前者是说话双方都知道的人，特指；后者after a time:after a while.34 In recent year, change of weather of the globe has produced great effect on all the living things on the earth.A./; a B.a; / C. the; a D.a; a 35答案: A37 All these changes will lead to stronger a more powerful China, country that can sprise and enrich our planet.A.a; a B.a; theC. the; a D. the; the答案: A38 Whenever I go out, father warns me to turn police in time of trouble.A./; the B.a; /C. the; / D. the; the答案: C解析:police前常用定冠词，in time of trouble是固定用法。39 She is the only one among the _ writers vstories for children.A. woman; writes B. women; writeC. women; writes D. woman; write答案: A解析:woman作定语时形式随所修饰名词的数变化而变化；后者主语是the only one，所以用单数。40 About 25 percent of European can Speak _ foreign language besides their native languages.A. the; a B. an; the C. the; the D./; /答案: AA. benefits B. goodsC. pleasures D. possessions答案: A解析:benefit“优良条件”，作可数名词讲。44 She is _ success, _ woman as sheA.a; a B./; aC. a; / D. the; the答案: C解析:success用在可数名词，成功者，达到目的的人或事物；后者是as让步状语从句的倒装，冠词省略。45 The small grocer was at the of the people owed money to.A. expense B. cost C. mercy D. sigh答案: C解析:at the mercy of任凭摆布，受支配；at the expense of有负担，以为牺牲；at the cost of以为代价；at the sight of一看到就。46 Im sorry I cant see you immediately, but if yot like to take a seat, I 11 be with you momerit.A. for a B. in a C. for the D. at the答案: B解析:in a moment立即，马上；for a moment一会儿；for the moment暂时；at the moment此时，此刻。47 Jane wrote to a pen friend in Japan _ _ for several years.A. off and on B. to and fromC. up and down D. sooner or later答案: A解析:off and onon and off断断续续地，不时地； to and from来回地。48 If you ask me, she has too high of herself.A. opinion B. idea C. an opinion D. a regard答案: C.完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从5170各题所给的四个选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。She died at the age of 15 in one of historys greatesttragedies. 51 her spirit lives on to this day through the diary in which she recorded her 52 . 53 touched bydespair and terror, the message of 54 in her words has inspired many. Anne Frank, the most famous 55 child of World War I , is indeed a symbol of the Holocaust (大屠杀). Her secret writings, later published 56 The Diary of Anne Frank”, 57 of two years in the life of a young Jewish girl hiding in Nazi - controlled Amsterdam. To mark the 75th anniversary of her 58 , on June 12 this year, www. annefiank, org is to 59 some rare photographs and a short film of the girl taken when she was 12. Born in 1929, Anne Frank was a German - Jewish teenager who that everything will change for the 69 , that this cruelty shall end and that peace will 77 once more.”July 15, 194451. A. Though B. But C. Instead D. While答案: B解析:安妮虽死，但精神活到了今天，表转折。52. A. birth B. death C. experiences D. happiness答案: C解析:日记记录的应是过去的经历。53. A. But B. Though C. While D. However答案: B54. A. success B. victory C. hope D. pleasure答案: C解析:日记中含有希望的信息依然鼓舞了许多人。55. A. hidden B. lost C. beaten D. caught答案: A解析:全文多次提到安妮被捕之前被藏了起来。56. A. for B. by C. as D. for答案: C解析:根据语境逻辑需要，意为表示“作为”。57. A.