2020高考英语 阅读理解课堂练学案（10）

2020年；2020高考英语：阅读理解课堂练习案例(10)passage six(equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system)these days we hear a lot of non sense about the great classless society 。the idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become o Ne of the great clichs of our time。the same old arguments are put forward in evidence。here are some of them : monarchy As a system of government h As been completed discredited .the monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power。inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by ta X ation and，in time，the great fortunes will disappear alternate。in a number of countries the victory has been complete。the people rulethe great Millennium has become a political reality。but has it？close examination doesn t bear out the claim。it is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everyody with the same educational opportunities(it is debatable whether you can ever provide every one with the same educational opportunities，But that is another question)。)The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for The principle of equality。the old rules of the jungle，Survival of the fittest，And might is right are still with us。the spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one .rewards are based on merit。for“aristocracy”read“meritocracy”；In other respects，society remains unaltered : the class system is rigidly maintained。Genuine ability、animal cunning、skill、the knack of seizing opportunities、all bring material rewards。and what is the first thing people do when they become rich？they use their wealth To secure the best possible opportunities for their children，To give them a good start in life 。for all the lip service We pay to the idea of equality，We do not consider this wrong in the western world .private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the Principles in a democracy is that people should be Fein this way，The new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent : an able child from a wealthy home can succed far more rapidly than Hanit would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without mass Financial backing。money is as power ful a weap on as ever it was。in socieies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality，Privileged private education is forbidden。but even here people are rewarded according to their abilities . in fact，So great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be negatedbright children are carefully and expeensively trained to become future Rulers。in the end，all political ideologies boil down to the same thing : class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated1.what is the main idea of this passage？aequality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system。Equality means money。cthere is no such society as classless society。d自然cant give you a classless society。2.according to the author，the same educational opportunities can t get rid of inequality becauseathe principle survival of the fittest exists。自然ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability。cmaterial rewards are for genuine ability。dpeople have the freedom how to educate their children。Who是obtain more rapidsuccessA those with wealth。Those with the best brains。cthose with the best opportunities。dthose who have the ability to catch at opportunities。4.why does the author say the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent？BecauseA money decides everything。private schools offer advantages over state schools。cpeople are free to choose the way of educating their children。dwealth is used for political ends。5.according to the author，“class divisions”refers toA the rich and the poor。different opportunities for people。C Oppressor and the oppressed。D Genius and stupidity。Vocbulary1.discredit损坏、破坏、破坏(某人的名声)、不可靠蒙斯王、女王、君主制3 .千禧Millennium千年4.裸机检查5.level out处于稳定状态6.meritocracy英才管理、英才教育、人才统治7.knack提示，技巧8.perpetuate是永久、永恒或持续的9.discriminate是未经认证、未分析、随机的10.boil down是.难的词句1.close examination doesn t bear out the claim。参考译文深入探索证实了这一主张是错误的。也就是说，太平盛世没有成为政治现实。2.might is right箴言：权力是公理。3.for all the lip service wepay to the idea of equality，we do not consider this wrong in the western world .结构分析 lip-service口腔益处。ex : he pays lip-service to feminism but his wife still does all the housework。他立誓支持女权主义，但所有家务仍然是关于他妻子的。我们口头上称赞平等思想，我们不认为在西方世界这种思想工作是错误的。4.in the end，all political ideologies boil down to the same thing : class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated最终所有的政治意识归结为一件事。不管是封建国王统治还是英才统治，阶级划分仍然存在。写作方法和文章效果这是对“无阶级社会和人人平等”论点的反驳文章。作者从四个方面论述。1、才能的才能和智慧与平等的原则无关。2、“适者生存，权力是公理”仍然存在。人得到的报酬不是平等，而是取决于人的才能。4、金钱的作用，它不仅培养有能力的人，而且是政治的后盾。只有金钱和能力是成功的关键。因此，平等是不存在的，不再有阶级的社会。答案详细1.A 20世纪平等的机会没有破坏阶级。这篇文章从一开始就反驳了无阶级社会的论点。一些人认为，整个君主完全被摧毁，幸存的国王公贵族已经剥夺了所有政治权力，继承的财产将被大幅削减到税收的大幅度削减之前，巨大的财产将消失，许多国家已经全面胜利，人民统治，政治展示了伟大的太平盛世。作者通过深入检查确认了这个说法不真实。第二段是，即使给每个人接受相同教育的机会，人的自然智慧和能力也与平等原则无关，适者生存的力量，即公理仍然存在。教育的普及破坏旧的阶级制度，但创造新的东西，报酬是机会才能的成果。贵族统治是英才统治，但在其他方面，社会仍然存在阶级。接下来的两段重点讨论了钱的作用