新视野大学英语读写教程第二册 短语和句型

Unit1 Section A时间谚语：1) Time is money. 时间就是金钱。/一寸光阴一寸金。2) Time is life and when the idle man kills time, he kills himself. 时间就是生命，懒人消耗时间就是消耗自己的生命。3) Time flies like an arrow, and time lost never returns. 光阴似箭，一去不返。4) Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。课文短语：停止不前：to stand still 想使每分钟有意义 ：to want every minute to count 致力于：to be committed to 宝贵资源 ：precious resource造成的结果 ：result in 在允许的时间内 ：within the time allowed说明；解释 ：to account for 增进信任 ：to develop a sense of trust同时发生；伴随 ：to go with 想引起别人注意 ：to seek attention生活的节奏 ：the pace of life 在轻松的环境里 ：in relaxed surroundings在手边 ：at hand 与陌生人闲聊 ：small exchanges with a stranger亲身；亲自 ：in person 使工作开展起来 ：to get things moving部分由于 ：to be due partly to 随着时间流逝 ：by the passage of time在眼里 ：in ones eyes 千方百计地做 ：to work hard at the task of1、to fall behind：落后；跟不上扩展：求助于: to fall back upon 未能符合: to fall down on与失和: to fall out with 失败；落空: to fall througheg. 他之所以被重用，是因为他总能尽职尽责。（短语：be put in a key position / never fall down on obligations）译：The reason why he is put in a key position is that he has never fallen down on obligations.eg. 不怕落后有多远，就怕失去前进的勇气。（短语：be better than /lose the courage to do sth. / move ahead）译：However far you fall behind, it is better than losing the courage to move ahead. 2、be a slave to ：是的奴隶，受支配 eg. 他作为金钱的奴隶，除了赚钱，对任何别的事情都不感兴趣。 （短语：anything other than / make money / take no interest in sth. ）译：Being a slave to money, he takes no interest in anything other than making money.3、to have a rather acute sense of ：深刻感受到 eg.深感知识匮乏的人， 往往会有更大的动力去学习。 （短语：lack of knowledge / tend to / have a greater motive to do sth.）译：He who has a rather acute sense of lack of knowledge tends to have a greater motive to learn.4、under pressure：处于压力之下扩展：在压力下: under stress在控制中: under control在威胁之下: under the threat of受到怀疑: under suspicioneg. 医学界没能控制住病毒，这将每位市民都置于被感染的威胁之下。 （短语：the medical community / keep the virus under control / get infected译：The medical community failed to keep the virus under control, which put every citizen under the threat of getting infected.eg. 王进喜生前常说，井没压力不出油；人没压力轻飘飘。 （短语：during ones lifetime / under no pressure / produce oil / under no stress / grow light-headed）译：During his lifetime, Wang Jin-xi used to say, “A well, under no pressure, does not produce oil, while a man, under no stress, grows light-headed.” 5、to race through ：匆匆完成 扩展：经历: to go through用完，完成某事，通过: to get through经历某事而幸存: to live through传来；康复，还活着: to come througheg. 医生说如果他能度过当晚，他存活的可能性就很大。 （短语：live through that night / stand a great chance of survival）译：The doctor said if he could live through that night, he stood a great chance of survival.eg. 由于急着去赴约，她匆匆忙完手头的事情。（短语：eager to do sth. / fulfill an appointment / the matter at hand译：Eager to fulfill an appointment, she raced through the matter at hand.6、beyond a certain appropriate point ：不得当地，不得体地eg. 就此事而言，不宜矫枉过正。（短语：as far as sth. is concerned / it is no good doing sth. / right sth. ）译：As far as the matter is concerned, it is no good righting it beyond a certain appropriate point. 7、a steady flow of ：一系列的/的稳定流动 eg. 常发短信被视为增进友谊的流行方式。（短语：a constant flow of short messages / be taken as / enrich friendship / a popular way of ）译：A constant flow of short messages is taken as a popular way of enriching friendship.8、to have little or no relation to ：与关系不大或没有关系扩展：与没有关系: have nothing to do with与没有关系: have no bearing on与没有关系: have no connection witheg. 家庭背景与他事业上的成就无关。（短语：family background / ones achievements in career）译：His family background has no bearing on his achievements in career.eg. 他学习差与其智力无关，但与其懒惰有很大关系。（短语：ones poor performance in study / intelligence / laziness / have much to do with）译：His poor performance in study has no relation to his intelligence, but has much to do with his laziness.9、to give added weight to ：更加重视扩展：重视: attach/lend weight to非常重要: be of great weight很重要/不重要: carry much/little weighteg. 由于农业对一个国家的经济发展十分重要，我国开始更加重视这一问题。 （短语：economic development / be of great weight / attach added weight to）译：Since agriculture is of great weight to the economic development of a nation, our country begins to attach added weight to it.eg. 在一些女孩看来，她们对男友的冷淡会使自己在爱情游戏中的身价进一步加码。（短语：in the eyes of sb. / ones indifference to sb. / ones status in the game of love ）译：In the eyes of some girls, their indifference to their boyfriends will give added weight to their status in the game of love.10、to be taken as a sign of ：被视为的标志 eg. 现如今，玩不转人际关系就被视为是无能的表现。（短语：ones failure to do sth. / handle interpersonal relations well / be incompetent）译：Nowadays, ones failure to handle interpersonal relations well is taken as a sign of being incompetent.句型：1、Sb. does sth., doing and doing (渐进句) 某人做某事，做，做注：用于描述“某人做事的细节”。 原文：城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘推搡他人。 City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping. eg. 他热衷于邪门歪道，不停地拉关系，走后门。 （短语：take great pleasure in sth. / dishonest practices / never cease to do sth. / establish underhand connections / exploit underhand connections for personal gains ）译：He takes great pleasure in dishonest practices, never ceasing to establish underhand connections and exploit them for personal gains. eg. 他对自己父母的教诲都不予理睬，更别说听你的建议了。（短语：sbs teaching / turn a deaf ear to sth. / follow your advice译：He turns a deaf ear to his parents teaching, much less will he follow your advice.2、Sb. do not do sth., much less do sb. do sth. else. 某人不做某事， 更不用说做其他事。注：用于强调“某人绝不会做某事”。原文：一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust.eg. 她从不讨好别人，更不会委身事人。 （短语：seek favor with others / submit oneself to the service of others）译：She never seeks favor with others, much less does she submit herself to the service of others. 3、Sb. do sth. by / through rather than by / through , which, though , especially given 某人是通过而不是通过做某事。虽然后者, 但却，尤其是考虑到。 注： 用于强调“对某人做事的辩证分析”。原文：我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。虽然面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间, 尤其是在马路上交通拥挤的时候。 we communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longerespecially given our traffic-filled streets.eg. 在这种下雪天，我宁愿乘公交, 也不愿自己开车去上班。虽然自己开车自在，但更加危险，特别是考虑到我糟糕的驾驶技术。（短语：on such a snowy day / go to work / ones poor skills in driving）译：On such a snowy day, I would go to work by bus rather than by driving my car, which, though comfortable, is more dangerous, especially given my poor skills in driving.eg. 人获得知识要靠勤奋而不靠投机。尽管后者更省力，但是一种自我欺骗，特别是考虑到未来职业的需要。（短语：acquire knowledge / through diligence / through trickery / free from hard work / a self-deception / the demand of future career）译：One should acquire knowledge through diligence rather than through trickery, which, though freer from hard work, is a self-deception especially given the demand of future career. 4、To some, sth. have little relation to sth. else. To others, nothing can be done without (doing) sth. else. 在一些人看来，某事与他事无关； 然而对另一些人而言，没有(做)他事什么都做不成。注： 用于表述“两种人在事物认识上的鲜明反差 ”原文：就我们而言，电子交流的缺乏人情味与我们手头的事情的重要性之间很少有或完全没有关系。在有些国家, 如果没有目光接触，就做不成大生意，这需要面对面的交谈。To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. In some countries no major business is conducted without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. eg. 对于美国人，买卖成功与宴请无关。而对于中国人，无一连串宴请则无法成交。 （短语：success in a deal / a steady flow of feasts）译：To Americans, success in a deal has no relation to feasts. To Chinese, no deal can be made without a steady flow of feasts. eg. 在一些人看来，真爱与财富的数量无多大关系；然而在另一些人看来，没有充足的金钱爱情免谈。 （短语：the amount of wealth / adequate money / no access to sth. / be allowed）译：To some people, true love has little relation to the amount of wealth. To others, no access to love can be allowed without adequate money.5、Sb./Sth. does is sth., whereas/while sb./sth. else does is sth. else 某人/某物 ，然而另一人/物却 用于表述“两事物之间的反差”。原文：其部分原因在于这样一个事实：美国的电话服务是一流的，而邮政服务的效率则差一些。This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient. eg. 人的生命是有限的，而其对生命的热情却是无限的。 （短语：be finite / ones passion for life / be infinite）译：Ones life is finite, whereas ones passion for life is infinite. 6、 Unless , it seems in ones eyes (to ones mind) as if 如果不是，则某人就觉得好像是注：用于表述“某人对某事的感受”。 原文：在他们看来，如果不花一定时间来处理某件事情，那么这件事就好像是无足轻重的，不值得给予适当的重视。Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. eg. 如果没为孩子提供力所能及的一切，中国父母就觉得好像对孩子关照不够。（短语：provide everything for sb. / within ones power / not care enough for sb.译： Unless they provide everything within their power for their child, it seems in the eyes of Chinese parents as if they did not care enough for him / her.Unit1 Section B1. in spite of: despite; regardless of 113、虽然；尽管 eg. 尽管做了巨大努力，我们还是没能完成计划译：In spite of great efforts we failed to carry our plans through. eg. 公司销售情况虽然稍有改善，但公司目前仍负债累累。 译：In spite of a slight increase in sales, the company remains heavy in the red at the moment. 2 clash with: come to a fight with; disagree about sth. with 与冲突，不一致eg. 他的想法总是与父母的不一致，这可能就是代沟的表现吧。 译：His ideas always clash with his parents, which may be a sign of generation gap.eg. 这两个国家经常由于边境纠纷而产生冲突。 译：These two countries often clash with each other over border dispute. 3. have difficulty (in) doing sth.: have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难eg. 他的英语很糟糕, 我很难听懂他。 译：His English is very bad and I have great difficulty (in) understanding him. eg. 他们没费多少劲就在家乡找到了他们出生的那幢房子。译：They had no difficulty (in) finding the house where they had been born in their hometown. 4. adjust to /make adjustment to: get used to a new situation 使适应（新环境），适应eg. 人体能很快地自行调节以适应气温的变化。译：The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature. eg. 迪克很快适应了香港的生活。 译：Dick made quick adjustment to the life in Hong Kong. 5. be familiar to: be well known to 为所熟悉的，常见（听）到的 eg. 他谈论其他文化时仿佛他对其他文化比对自己的文化还要熟悉。 译：He talked of other cultures as if they were more familiar to him than his own. eg. 这些事实是每个小学生都熟悉的。 译：The facts are familiar to every pupil. 6. be/become tired of: no longer wanting sth. or wanting to do sth. 讨厌，不耐烦，厌烦eg. 你的批评我已听烦了。 译：Im tired of your negative comments. eg. 如果你一件衣服穿腻了，可以换一件。 译：When you become tired of one dress, change to another. 7. distress: vt. make sb. feel very upset 使痛苦；使苦恼 n. a feeling of extreme unhappiness 痛苦，苦恼 eg. 听到你父亲去世的噩耗我非常难过。 译：I was most distressed to hear the sad news of your fathers death. eg. 亚瑟的来访给他带来更多的痛苦，而不是愉快。 译：Arthurs visits caused him more distress than pleasure.8. cope: v. (of a person) deal with sth. difficult successfully （成功地）应付，能对付eg. 工作太多，我们的计算机难以应付。 译：There was too much work for our computer to cope with. eg. 学校体制必须能适应学生人数的变化。 译：School communities have to cope with changing numbers of pupils. 9. protect sb./sth. against: keep sb./sth. safe from, defend sb./sth. 保护某人/某物免受eg. 由于今冬特别寒冷，市民要采取措施做好防冻工作。 译：As the weather is extremely cold this winter, the citizens should take measures to protect themselves against the freeze.eg. 村民们加固了房屋来防震。译：The villagers reinforced their houses to protect themselves against earthquakes. 10.separate sb. from: keep people or things apart from each other 使分离，分开 eg. 这个病人应该与其他患者隔离。 译：This patient should be separated from the others. eg . 那男孩是在城里长大的,所以觉得很难区别杨树和柳树。 译：Brought up in town, the boy finds it difficult to separate a poplar from a willow.11. prevent sb. / sth. from (doing sth.): stop sb. or sth. from (doing sth.) 阻止，防止 eg. 谁阻止他们的计划不让实施?译：Who prevents their plans from being carried out? eg. 他的残疾让他无法开车。 译：His disability prevents him (from) driving. 12. develop comprehension of: understand sth. fully 理解，了解eg. 到学校只一个月，他就了解了所有的规章制度。 译：Only one month after he entered the school, he developed comprehension of all the rules and regulations there. eg. 他设法了解外国文化以便尽早适应当地生活。 译：He tried to develop comprehension of the foreign culture so that he could adjust to the local life as soon as possible. 13. recover from: return to a normal state from an illness, accident, shock, etc. 从恢复到正常状态 eg. 他现在已完全从震惊中恢复了过来。 译：Hes now fully recovered from the shock. eg. 他从未真正从丧妻的悲伤中恢复过来。 译：He never really recovered from the sadness of his wife dying. 14. appreciate: vt.1) understand and enjoy (sth.) 欣赏, 赏识 2) understand (sth.) with sympathy 理解，意识到，懂得eg. 你无法通过译作去充分欣赏莎士比亚的作品。 译：You cant fully appreciate Shakespeare in translation. eg. 我理解你的问题，但我想我无法帮助你。 译：I appreciate your problem, but I dont think I can help you.15. alleviate: v. make sth. less serious; ease 减轻；缓和eg. 他们用唱歌来消除由于等待带来的烦躁。 译：They alleviated the tiring waiting by singing songs. eg. 我们想帮助他们缓解粮食短缺的状况。 译：We want to help alleviate their lack of food. 16. go through: experience a particular process通过；完成（某阶段）eg. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。译：The country has gone through too many wars.eg. 新的法律通过了各个阶段的程序没有？ 译：Has the new law gone through all its stages yet? 17. interact with: communicate with 交流eg. 他是聋哑人，我们很难与他交流。 译：He is deaf and mute, and it is hard for us to interact with him.eg. 有了因特网的帮助，我们可以和世界各地的人进行交流。译：With the help of the Internet, we can interact with people all over the world. Unit3 Section A1ups and downs：盛衰；浮沉 eg. 回首往事，夫妇二人庆幸彼此互相扶持、共同经历人生的起起落落。（短语：look back on the past / stick up for each other/ through the ups and downs in life） 译：Looking back on the past, the couple felt lucky that they could stick up for each other through the ups and downs in life. 2to be open with each other：开诚布公 eg. 作为朋友，我们要开诚布公，而不是相互猜疑。（短语：rather than / feel doubtful about ）译：As friends, we should be open with each other rather than feel doubtful about one another. 3to be involved with sth. ：热衷于某事 eg. 她过分热衷于打探他人的隐私，因而与人处不好关系。（短语：sb.s privacy / be on good terms with sb. ）译：She is too involved with others privacy to be on good terms with people. 扩展：对着迷: to be obsessed with忙于: to be occupied with为所困: to be seized / cursed with 为所动: to be touched witheg. 为情所困者难于理性思维。 （短语：be cursed with emotion / find it hard to do sth. / think in a rational way ）译：Those cursed with emotion find it hard to think in a rational way.4to have/harbor (no) illusions about ：对(不)抱幻想 eg. 尽管男孩意识到女孩不喜欢他, 但他仍对他们的爱情前景抱有幻想。（短语：aware of / ones dislike for sb. / harbor the prospects of ones love ）译：The boy, though aware of the girls dislike for him, harbored illusions about the prospects of their love. 扩展：错误地相信: be under the illusion that 对不存幻想: be under no illusion about/as to sth.错误地认为: cherish the illusion thateg. 遭遇了一个又一个的不幸，他对幸福生活不再抱有幻想。(短语：hit with / one misfortune after the next )译：Hit with one misfortune after the next, he is under no illusion about a happy life. 5to hold for sb./sth. ：对某人/事意味着 eg. 一个人的未来如何将与其今天所做的努力息息相关。 （短语：make effort / rest most with sth. ）译：What the future holds for one will rest most with what effort one makes today. 6to work out :以某种方式发展 eg. 我们要做最坏的打算，因为事情不可能像预料的那样发展。（短语：prepare for the worst / as expected ）译：We need to prepare for the worst, for things may not work out as expected. 扩展：从事，致力于: to work at the task of对起作用/从事于: to work on有助于: to work for 继续干: to work awayeg. 只管埋头拉车不顾抬头看路是不明智的。 （短语：work at the task of / pull ones cart / without bothering to do sth. / look up at ones road） 译：It is unwise of you to work at the task of pulling your cart without bothering to look up at your road.7to be supportive of : 支持，赞成eg. 她虽然赞同儿子的志向，但对其做法看不惯。（短语：sbs ambition / sbs way of doing things / frown upon ）译：Supportive of her sons ambition, she frowned upon his way of doing things. 扩展：怀疑: to be doubtful of 确信: to be confident of 对不满，挑剔: to be critical of 渴望: to be desirous of eg. 这群年轻人渴望成名与财富，所以抓住每次机会展示自己。（短语：desirous of fame and wealth / take every occasion / demonstrate oneself ） 译：This group of young people, desirous of fame and wealth, took every occasion to demonstrate themselves.8to harbor reservations about : 对持保留意见eg. 他服从多数人的意见，但对此决定仍持保留意见。（短语：submit to the majority ）译：He submitted to the majority, but still harbored reservations about the decision. 扩展：怀着的愿望: harbor a wish for对抱不切实际的想法: harbor unrealistic notions about热爱: harbor a deep love for对心怀憎恨: harbor hatred foreg. 长期遭到继母的虐待，男孩对她心怀怨恨。（短语：for long / be subjected to abuse）译：Subjected to abuse by his stepmother for long, the boy harbors resentment for her.9to have sb./sth. for : 有某人物作eg. 总的说来，那些喜欢拿父母当靠山的人往往表现出强烈的优越感。（短语：in general / have sb. for a backer / show a strong sense of superiority ） 译: In general, those who love having their parents for backers tend to show a strong sense of superiority. 10at ones worst ：最差的时候；最糟糕的时候 eg. 任何人一旦被卷入爱河，总希望心上人看到自己最好的一面，而不是最糟的一面。 （短语：be involved in the river of love / see one at ones best / rather than） 译