高二英语deep south课件1

Module 1Deep SouthGrammar Review of subjects,Grammar (1) - What is the subject?,主语就是一句话的中心，也就是句子的主题。通常由一个起名词作用的成分担任。特别注意下列的主语形式：,1）V-ing做主语时，可以有自己的逻辑主语，及代词或名词所有格等。如：Jacks/ My winning the match is an inspiration to all of the team.,2）以There引导的句子，主语通常放在谓语的后面。如：There is nothing to get excited about.There stand/ are a large number of factories in the east of the city. = The east of the city stand/ are a large number of factories.,3）在it做主语的句子中。,人称代词 Look at the new house. Its nice.,非人称代词：Its raining. Its already 5:30. Whats five and five? Its ten.,先行主语/宾语：Its useful to learn English well. It doesnt matter whether you go or not. I found it important to study the way the students learn math.,用于强调： It was because of the bad weather that we were late for school yesterday.,4）名词化的其他词类(注意主谓一致)。如：The rich should help the poor and contribute more to the society.The good is beautiful, and the beautiful is good.,英语句子的成份可分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语和同位语。 （1）名词作句子的主语。Air can lift the plane.Her class is not having a chemistry test.Are snow and ice seldom seen in that city?,Grammar (1) 主语,(2) 代词作主语 He is good at learning language.(3) 数词作主语 -How much is fifteen and fourteen? -Fifteen and fourteen is twenty-nine.(4) 动词不定式作主语 To see one time is better than to hear a hundred times.,(5) 动名词作主语 Reading in bed is a bad habit. (6) it作形式主语 Its not easy to master a foreign language.(7) 从句作主语 What he wanted best was knowledge.,Grammar (1) Activities 2, 3,5,3,7,4,2,1,6,8,9,/,/,/,/,Grammar (2) - Verbs,1、根据动词实际的意义可分为行为动词，或实义动词；能否带宾语，分为及物和不及物动词。根据动词的作用可分为助动词、情态动词和连系动词。,2、动词在句子中做谓语和非谓语成分。,3、助动词（do, does, did; have, has, had, having; be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being）：帮助谓语构成否定、疑问、时态和语态等语法意义。情态动词（may, might, can, could; must, have to; ought to; will, would, shall, should; need; dare; used to）是传达说话人说话的感情色彩。它们都不能单独作谓语。,4、连系动词连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词，或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，说明主语是什么或怎么样。也称为主语的补足语。注意其分类：,1）“存在”类：表示存在或具有某种特征或状态。这类连系动词强调“存在”。常见的有：be(是)，exist(存在)等。如： The mountain is very attractive.,2）“感觉”类：及五个感官动词类等。look(看起来)，feel(摸上去)，seem(似乎是)，appear(似乎、显得)，prove(证明是)，smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来)等。例如: The story sounds true. / Those oranges taste good.,3）“持续”类：表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调“持续”。常见的有：remain(依然)，keep(保持)，stay(保持), continue(继续、仍旧),，stand(处于某状况或情形)等。例如: Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days. Its already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. Whats the matter?,4） “变化”类：表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强调“变化”后的情况或状态。常见的有：become(变成)，turn(变成)，grow(变得),，go(变得)等。例如: Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.,连系动词的注意事项,1）有些连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。如：feel, taste等词。如: Oh，how cold your hand feels.,2）一般情况下，连系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。例如: Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.,3）能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有：be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等。注意：turn后跟(表示主语身份的)名词作表语时，不加冠词。例如: Twenty years later, he turned teacher. The population growth in China remains a problem.,(一) 动词的种类和基本形式1. 行为动词: 表示动作或状态,能单独作谓语动词。谓语动词可分及物和不及物两种。及物动词后带宾语，不及物动词后不带宾语。 1) The young girl studied the map for a few minutes. 2）I thought hard and found the answer.,Grammar (2) 动词,2. 连系动词: be, seem, look, feel, become, sound, taste, get, turn, go She became a famous doctor. 2) The shoes felt tight. 3) His room doesnt look big enough to hold four persons.,3. 情态动词: 1)can, may, could (表示许可) Can we go to the cinema, please? (通常说法) May we go to the cinema, please? (对长者表示礼貌说法) Could we go to the cinema, please? (十分婉转的说法),2) can (could), be able to 表示有“能力”, “能够”。be able to (do) sth. 有多种时态。 Can you see the time? The child couldnt reach the table last year. They will be able to write newspaper articles soon.,3) may (might) 表达“可能性”。用may或might都可表示现在或将来的可能性,但用might则语气更不肯定。 It may rain this afternoon. He said that it might snow the next day. The girl must be her daughter. They look exactly alike. Can it be true that we are going to buy a home computer soon?,4. 助动词 助动词本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语。只能与主要动词一起构成谓语。在表示否定、疑问、时态或其他语法关系时也要用到助动词。“do”, 用于构成否定句和疑问句: B. “will, shall, have, has” 作为助动词用时，可构成不同时态 C. be” 用于构成被动语态和进行时态,Grammar (2) Activities 1, 2,watched4. saw,2. sail 5. returned,3. had to5. couldnt,1. sink 3. to reach 5. to rescue,2. would,becamethere was,1. trapped,4. walking,watched4. saw,5. had been porced,Grammar (1, 2) - Summary,句子有两种分类标准：使用目的分类，可分为陈述句、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句）、祈使句和感叹句；句子结构分类，可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 简单句 只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫做简单句。1) 陈述句 例：An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately _ from Marathon to Athens.A) distance B) is the distance C) the distance D) the distance is,全句的意思是：“奥林匹克马拉松赛跑为26英里385码，约为从马拉松到雅典的距离”。本题答案是选项C) the distance。名词短语approximately the distance from Marathon to Athens用来进一步说明26 miles and 385 yards究竟有多长，在语法上叫作同位语。,2) 疑问句a) 一般疑问句 例：Have you read this book? b) 反意疑问句 例：If I mistake not, you used to cook your own food, _ you?A) do you B) dont you C) did you D) didnt you2. 注意事项：如果一个句子里出现两个或更多主语共同使用一个谓语，或一个主语后面接两个或多个谓语，或者两个主语后面接两个谓语，我们都应视其为简单句。例：_ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better. A) For B) Now C) SinceD) Despite,本题前半部分的意思是：“我头部的症状已经消失”，后半部分的意思是“脑子也开始灵活得多”。这两个部分无论是语法结构或意思都是完整的。因此，空格处应该填入连接词，而非从句引导词。因此，答案是B) Now。,并列句：包含两个或多个互不依从的主谓结构，通常由一个或多个并列连词来连接的句子叫做并列句。1. 联合关系的并列句由and, nor, neithernor和not only but also等连接；例：Turn on the television or open magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy, balanced families.A) are often seeing B) often see C) will often see D) have often seen,本题连接词and前面的分句表示一种条件，and后面的分句表示一种结果。全句的意思是：“你一打开电视机或翻开杂志，常常会看到显示幸福、和睦家庭的各种广告”。在这