2020届高考二轮专题复习 语法资料精品集之虚拟语气

2020;2020届高考二轮专题复习英语语法资料精品集之虚拟语气1、虚拟语气的重点是：1）一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。2)虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。3)主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。4)含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。2、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型（1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气A用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。B用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。Cwish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.（2）would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。Id rather you posted the letter right away.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。（3）由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(4) 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用表示与现在事实相反：If + 从句主语 + 动词的过去式，主语+should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形（be 一般用were）表示与过去事实相反：If + 从句主语 + had + 过去分词，主语+should/ would/ could/ might +have +过去分词表示与将来事实可能相反： If + 从句主语 + 动词的过去式，should +动词原形，were to +动词原形， 主语 + should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.(5) 虚拟语气用于as if（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。(6)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.二、特殊形式的虚拟语气虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。A、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有：ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求 command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张 move建议，动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令 prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心 recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定，规定 urge强调，促进 vote公认，提议 decree颁布（法令） pray请求注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体）She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口语）She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便)B、用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有：advisable合理的 decided决定的 crucial关键的 appropriate恰当的 determined决定的 commanded命令的 arranged安排的 essential紧要的，基本的 complied遵照 anxious焦急的 imperative迫切的 important重要的 desirable合意的 better较好的，更好 insistent坚持的 desired想要 asked请求 keen渴望的 incredible难以置信的 adamant坚定不移的 natural自然的 insisted坚持 necessary必要的 suggested建议 urgent紧迫的 ordered命令 shocked震惊的 vital极其重要的 possible可能的 strange 奇怪的 preferable （好一点） proposed提议 requested要求的 required要求的 recommended推荐 resolved决定的 probable（可能的） pity可惜，憾事 shame遗憾注意：这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以forto do 来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。It is essential that he should be prepared for this.It is essential for him to be prepared for this.C用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有：advice忠告 decision决定 demand要求 desire要求、愿望 insistence坚持 motion提议 necessity必要性 order命令 preference偏爱 proposal提议 pray恳求 recommendation推荐 request要求 requirement要求 resolution决心 suggestion劝告、忠告This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record.该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。三、混合虚拟语气有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间，这时需要用混合虚拟语气。一般来说，在这种情况下，主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同，所以我们又可以错综时间条件句，在这种虚拟情况，动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用，在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语：时间状语。绝大多数情况下，从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语，这是我解题的关键。If you that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy.A. havent watched B. didnt watchC. hadnt watched D. wouldnt have watched 答案选C。Many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for something.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，而重要是事实和假设的混合。I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述。Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.该句前半句用的是假设虚拟，后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟（如果你去并且解释的话），但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气，因为“父母病了”是客观事实，故不需要用虚拟形式had been。四、含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：（1）介词或介词短语，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadnt been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 答案选B。But that she was afraid, she would have said no.(2)连词，如：so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若)，for fear that(唯恐)，in order that, on condition that, if only(要是就好了)等。She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wanted.If only I had more money, I could buy a car.(注：lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如：The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。（3）通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake.A. were sleeping B. would be sleeping C. had been sleeping D. would sleep选择 B。(4)形容词及其比较级A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.A less conscientious man wouldnt have tried so hard to get this job done.(5)分词短语Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident.Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father.(6)动词不定式短语。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虚拟。I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time.To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman.巩固练习1.Are you in a hurry？No， in fact Ive got plenty of time. I _ wait.A.must B.need C.may D.should2.Someone is knocking at the door. _ it be Venis？No， it _ be her； she left for New York this morning.A.Can； mustnt B.Might； cantC.May； doesnt D.Can； cant3.He didnt agree with me at first， but I _ persuade him to sign the agreement later.A.could B.might C.should D.was able to4.Is there a movie on in the cinema tonight？There_ be. I will phone the cinema and find it out.A.might B.should C.can D.could5.You _ be careful when you cross here the traffic lights arent working.A.can B.ought to C.might D.may6.You _ out last night. I called you several times， but nobody answered.A.must have been B.must beC.might have been D.could be7.You _ fail to pass the entrance examination if you dont study harder.A.shall B.could C.must D.should8.When I was studying at Beijing University， I _ take a walk along the lake every evening.A.will B.would C.could D.shall9.The party turned out to be a failure. I would rather _ it.A.not have attended B.not attendC.not to attend D.not to have attended10.Sir， you _ be sitting in this seat. It is for women or children only.A.cant B.oughtnt toC.wont D.neednt11.Shall I tell Li Ming about the matter？No， you _ . He has known about it already.A.oughtnt to B.needntC.shouldnt D.mustnt12.Must I take a bus？No， you _ . You can walk there.A.must not B.dontC.dont have to D.had better not to13.Why do you make me do so？I am sorry that you _ do such a thing.A.would B.can C.should D.may14.Will you stay for lunch？Sorry， I _ . My brother is coming to see me.A.mustnt B.cant C.neednt D.wont15.What would have happened _ ， as far as the riverbank？A.if Bob has walked fartherB.if Bob should walk fartherC.had Bob walked fartherD.should Bob walk farther16.Oh， Jane， youve broken another glass. You ought _ when you washed it.A.be careful B.to careC.have cared D.to have been careful17.Its high time we _ to the theater.A.will go B.shall go C.are going to D.went18.Could I use your telephone？Yes， of course you _ .A.could B.will C.can D.might19.Its strange that they _ nothing about this matter.A.should know B.would knowC.had known D.knew20.Do you still remember the day when we went to the Great Wall？I cant remember it well， but _ sometime last autumn？A.might it be B.could it have beenC.could it be D.must it have been21.I cant get through to the general managers office anyhow.The line is busy. Someone _ the telephone.A.must use B.usesC.must have been using D.must be using22.He suggests we _ to the cinema at once， otherwise we will be late.A.must go B.go C.will go D.would go23.If only he _ me yesterday!A.had seen B.would see C.should see D.saw24.If you _ wait a moment， Ill go and find our manager.A.can B.should C.will D.must25.It is rather cold here. Shall we light a fire？No， we _ because things are easy to catch fire.A.wont B.cantC.mustnt D.neednt26.If I _ you， I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A.was； shall pay B.am； will payC.would be； would pay D.were； would pay27.Would you have told him the answer had it been possible？I would have， but I _ so busy then.A.had been B.were C.was D.would be28.Can children swim in this pool？Yes. However， at no time _ they do so by themselves.A.dare B.shouldC.need D.could29.Kunming is called“Spring City”，but it _ snow in winter.A.shall B.can C.must D.might30.Whats the matter with you？Oh， Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried fish just now.A.shouldnt eat B.mustnt have eatenC.shouldnt have eaten D.mustnt eat31.You look so upset. Whats wrong with you？The door _ . Can you help me？A.wont open B.wont be openedC.cant open D.cant be opened32.Mum，I climbed to get the Teddy Bear from the top of the shelf.My goodness！You _ yourself. You mustnt do that next time.A.must have hurt B.should have hurtC.may have hurt D.can have hurt33.Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when he is in a public library.A.must B.may C.can D.need34.“The interest _ be divided into five parts， according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge.A.may B.should C.must D.shall35.I dont mind telling you what I know.You _ . Im not asking you for it.A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.neednt36.Mum，Ive been studying English since 8 oclock. _ I go out and play with Tom for a while？No， Im afraid not. Besides， its raining outside now.A.Cant B.WouldntC.Dare not D.Wont37.Who is the girl standing over there？Well， if you _ know， her name is Mabel.A.may B.can C.must D shall38.The driver has drunk too much wine and dangerous things _ happen at any time.A. should B. can C. must D. need39.We _ booked. Look， this restaurant is almost empty.A. must have B. cant haveC. should have D. neednt have40.Listen! The fire engine is roaring. There _ be a fire somewhere.A. should B. must C. will D. ought to【答案及部分解析】 15 CDDAB 610 AABAB1115 BCCBC 1620 DDCAB2125 DBACC 2630 DCBBC3135 ACADD 3640 ACADB1. may表示“可以”。2. can用在疑问句和否定句中，表示可能性的推测。cant表示“不可能”。3. 情态动词can和be able to都可表示能力。当表示“过去成功地做了某事”时，常用was（were） able to。4. 由下文的I will phone the cinema and find it out可知此处应用might。may或might用在肯定句中，表示可能性的推测。5. ought to表示劝告。6. 题意为“我昨天晚上打了几次电话都没有人接，你一定是出去了”。must have done常用来表示对过去发生情况的肯定推测。7. shall用于第二人称或第三人称，表示说话者的意愿，有命令、警告、威胁、强制、允诺和决心之意。此题用shall，表示“警告”。8. 情态动词would可以表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。与used to相比，would不含有“现在已无此习惯”的意义。9. 题意为“那次聚会以失败告终，我宁愿没参加”。would rather （not）have done表示的是过去发生的情况。10.由题意可知，此处应用oughtnt to，表示“不应该”。11.由he has known about it already可