（讲练测）2020年高考英语一轮复习 模块5.2 The environment（练）（含解析）牛津译林版

Unit 2 The environment一、重点词汇考点-1.debate【教材原句】Todays debate question is, The economy or the environment must we choose？(P22)今天辩论的题目是“经济发展还是环境保护我们必须选择吗？”We are following our usual schedule for debates. (P22)【例句研读】根据英语句子完成汉语句子They have been debating for several hours without reaching a conclusion.他们 好几个小时，仍然没有得出一个结论。The two sides debated with each other about who was the best for a whole day.双方就谁是最优秀的问题 一整天。He was debating whether to go for a walk or to visit a friend.他 是去散步还是去拜访一位朋友。A fierce debate on the tax cut was going on.一场围绕着减税的 正在进行中。She was told that her proposal was under debate.她被告知她的建议 。Theyre always arguing with each other about money.他们总是 。Have you discussed the problem with anyone?你与谁 这个问题？【答案】他们一直争论了好几个小时，仍然没有得出一个结论。双方就谁是最优秀的问题相互争论了一整天。他当时正考虑是去散步还是去拜访一位朋友。一场围绕着减税的激烈辩论正在进行中。她被告知她的建议正在讨论中。他们总是为钱争吵。你与谁商量过这个问题？【自主归纳】debate vi. & n.争论，辩论，讨论debate with sb. about sth.和某人就某事辩论 have a debate进行讨论、辩论under debate在辩论中，在讨论中 beyond debate无可争辩，毋庸置疑debate、 argue、discuss三词的辨析debate指在正式场合，和意见对立的一方进行全面地、彻底地、比较正式地争论，重在各自阐述理由，双方交锋。argue指就自己的看法、立场条理清楚地提出赞成或反对某事的理由，以说服他人。discuss重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有意说服对方的成分。注意：quarrel争吵，吵架考点-2.lay【教材原句】These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs. (P22)这些捕捞船捕捞大量的鱼类，根本不让它们有产卵的时间。【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分The hen lays eggs every day. _Please lay the table for dinner. _The couple laid aside some money for their old age. _The president laid great emphasis on would peace. _Some workers were laid off because of a shortage of materials. _【自主归纳】lay 词性v 词义：产卵，下蛋，放置，摆放lay 过去式laid 过去分词laid 现在分词layinglie词义“躺，位于，呈状态，在于”过去式lay 过去分词lain 现在分词lyinglie词义“说谎” 过去式lied过去分词lied 现在分词lyingThere lay a boy lying that the cock laid an egg in his house.那儿躺着一个小男孩撒谎说公鸡在他家下了一只蛋。【即时巩固】单项选择题No sooner _ down on bed _the telephone rangA. had he lain, than B. had he lied, when C. did he lie, than D. had he laid, beforeHearing a scream, I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess _on the floor.A. laying unconscious B. lying unconsciousC. lay unconsciously D. lying unconsciously考点-3. concerned【教材原句】It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.(P23)很显然，你们对环境的现状很担忧。【例句研读】根据英语句子完成汉语句子My greatest concern is what she thinks of me.是她认为我怎么样。The boys poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳， 。Were all concerned about her safety.我们大家 。We read stories concerning visitors from outer space. 我们读了 天外来客的故事。The persons concerned are to be punished.将受到惩罚。As far as Im concerned, I dont mind that you wear this mini-skirt.，我不介意你穿这件迷你裙。The coat is fine as far as color is concerned, but it is not of very good quality.这件上衣 还不错，但质量不太好。【自主归纳】concern n 担心，忧虑；所关切的事 v使某人担心concerning prep 关于(某人/某事物)concerned adj. 作表语时意为：关切的，关心的；作后置定语时，意思为：相关的，有关的as/so far as sb./sth. is concerned这个句型用来引出个人的观点与看法，意为：就某人/某事而言【即时巩固】单项选择题_, education is about learning and the more you learn, the more equipped for life you are.A. As far as I concern B. As far as I am concernedC. So far as I am concerning D. So far as I was concernedYue Yue, _ 2-year-old girl who was twice run over by vans and then ignored by 18 passers-by as she lay critically injured on a street, draws _ concern from all over the country.A. the, / B. a, the C. a; / D. the, a考点-4. responsibility【教材原句】They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money.(P23)他们会联想到贪婪的商人逃避社会责任，一味关心金钱。【例句研读】根据英语句子完成汉语句子Our business is a joint/shared responsibility.我们的公司实行 。Its my responsibility to lock the doors.我 。Dont worry.If anything goes wrong，Ill take responsibility for it.没关系，出了问题我 。The father of a family should have more sense of responsibility.一家之父应有更多的 。【答案】我们的公司实行共同责任制。我负责锁门。没关系，出了问题我承担责任。一家之父应有更多的责任感。【自主归纳】a sense of responsibility责任感responsibility to/towards对的职责 have/take responsibility for对负责throw responsibility on sb.把责任推给某人responsible adj.负有责任的；负责的be responsible for对负责【即时巩固】完成句子My husband _(负责组织)the trip.Parents_(对负责任)their childrens safety.Its_(他的责任感)that saved all the peoples lives.考点-5.operate【教材原句】The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.(P23)这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。【例句研读】根据英语句子完成汉语句子The doctors decided to operate on her immediately.医生决定 。This company is operating a new economic policy.这个公司正在 。Is this rule in operation？这条规则 ？We will have to perform an operation on his eyes.我们得 。【自主归纳】operate on sb.给某人动手术 perform an operation on sb.给某人做手术come into operation开始运转；实施起来 o operation使运转；使实施in operation工作中；实施中；还有效【即时巩固】完成句子这台电梯运转不正常。The lift _.这个法律什么时候生效？When does the law _？这机器正在运转中。The machine is _.这法律已经实施了。The law has _.考点-6. shame n. 可耻的人或事；羞耻，羞愧【教材原句】It would be a shame if they were destroyed because of peoples activities there.(P29)如果它们是因为人类在那儿的活动而遭受破坏，那真是一件遗憾的事情。【例句研读】根据英语句子完成汉语句子Its a shame to treat animals like that.那样对待动物真是 。He had no sense of shame and never felt guilty.他毫无 ，而且从不觉得内疚。What a shame that I failed in the midterm examinations！我期中考试不及格， ！Are you not ashamed of your shameful behavior?你不以你的可耻的行为而 ？【自主归纳】to ones shame令某人感到羞愧的是feel shame at.因而感到羞愧What a shame！What a pity！真遗憾！真可惜！Its a shame(做)某事真可惜/遗憾shameful adj.(行为)可耻的；丢脸的shameless adj.无耻的；不知羞耻的ashamed adj.羞愧的(只作表语)be ashamed of因感到羞耻be ashamed to do sth.因惭愧而不情愿；因尴尬而勉强【即时巩固】用shame，ashamed，shameful填空He was _ to admit his guilt.But all these attempts ended in _ defeat.What a _ for you to cheat others!【答案】ashamed shameful shame考点-7. arrest【教材原句】Two people were arrested yesterday at a Paris airport for bringing animals into Europe from South America illegally.(P29)昨天有两人在巴黎的一个机场被捕， 因为他们非法从南美携带动物进入欧洲。【例句研读】根据英语句子完成汉语句子He was arrested for drunk driving.他因为 。Her laughter arrested our attention and we all stared at her.她的笑声 ，我们都盯着她看。The young man got arrested for causing that serious accident.因造成严重事故， 。Fifteen persons were under arrest because of the serious violence.由于暴乱 。Colorado law requires officers to make an arrest whenever they respond to a domestic dispute.科罗拉多州的法律要求警官在遇到家庭纠纷时，要 。The newly developed drug has arrested the spread of the disease.这种新研发的药 。With the help of the old man the criminals were put under arrest.在那位老人的帮助下，这些犯罪分子 。【自主归纳】arrest sb.for因而逮捕某人 get arrested 遭逮捕arrest ones attention引起注意 under arrest 被捕make an arrest(对当事人)进行拘捕/逮捕【即时巩固】单项选择题His friend whom I referred to just now was _ for fraud.A. suspected B. chargedC. accused D. arrestedA black woman _ for refusing to stand up for a white man on a bus,which led to a demonstration. A. got to arrest B. was to arrest C. had arrested D. got arrested 【答案】D【解析】考查get done结构。句子主语和arrest之间是被动关系，get arrested被逮捕。句意：这位电影明星因私藏非法毒品而被逮捕。考点-8. measure【教材原句】The centre has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop desertification. (P33) 这该中心有300多名致力于找到阻止沙漠化措施的科学家。【例句研读】根据英语句子完成汉语句子The government has promised to take measures to help the unemployed.政府已答应 来帮助失业者。He has his clothes made to his measure.他的衣服是依 。The tailor measured me for a suit.裁缝 好做西装。These products measure up to the national standards.这些产品 国家标准。He measured the coat against mine and found it was too long.他 ，发现它太长了。You know, they both appeared in a measure my children.你知道，他们 都象是我的孩子。His contributions to his country is beyond measure.他对祖国的贡献是 。【自主归纳】measure n.措施，方法；尺度 vt. 测量；估量，判定measurable adj. 可度量的，明显的measured adj. 慎重的，仔细斟酌的measureless adj. 无限的，不可估量的take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事 make .to ones measure依照某人的尺寸定做beyond measure 非常地，过度地，无法估量的 measure against 拿和比(长度)in large measure/ in some measure在很大/某种程度上measure up to/with 达到，符合标准【即时巩固】单项选择题A fully grown blue whale _110 feet in height and _several tons.A. is measured; weighsB. measures; weighsC. is measured; is weighedD. measures; is weighedI realized strength and courage arent always _ in medals and victories, but in the efforts we make.A. measured B. praised C. tested D. increasedIt is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some _ over 90 metres.A. measure B. measures C. measuring D. measured考点-9. range【教材原句】Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.(P38)对生活在江中或岸边的大量鱼类和野生生物来说也是个不好的消息。【例句研读】根据英语句子完成汉语句子The hotel offers a wide range of facilities.这家宾馆提供 。It is beyond the range of my ability.这 。There will be an increase in the range of 1 to 3 percent.将会有 的增长幅度。Accommodation ranges from tourist class to luxury hotels.住宿条件 。The price of the house is well beyond/out of our range.这幢房子的价格 。【自主归纳】range vi. & n.范围，界限；(在一定范围内)变化，变动within/in the range of在范围内 a range of一系列out of/beyond/outside the range of超出了的范围beyond/out of ones range超出了某人能承受的范围range fromto /range betweenand在范围内变化考点-10. appreciate【教材原句】The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this muchloved river will be appreciated for years to come.(P38)中国政府和人民为保护这条他们所挚爱的河流所作的努力，在不远的将来必会受到赞赏。【例句研读】翻译下列句子I appreciate your understanding.。I would appreciate it if you can take care of my dog.。At that time, nobody appreciated the value of the stone.。【答案】非常感谢你的理解。如果你能帮忙照顾一下我的小狗，我会不胜感激。当时没有人认识到这块石头的价值。【自主归纳】appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会appreciation n. 欣赏；感激appreciaten./pron. 重视、感激 appreciate doing sth. 感谢做某事appreciate ones doing sth. 感谢某人做某事 I would appreciate it if . 假如我将不胜感激【即时巩固】单项选择题The reporter said that the survivors greatly _ the firefighters rescue after the big fire.A. chargedB. appreciatedC. harmedD. solvedI would appreciate if you could teach me how to use the computer.A. that B. this C. it D. youAs I will be away for at least a year, Id appreciate from you now and then me how everyone is getting along.A. hearing; tellB. to hear; tell C. hearing; telling D. to hear; to tell考点-11. absorb【教材原句】Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen.(P39)最后但并非最不重要，你可以种一棵树，因为树木可以吸收空气中的二氧化碳，制造氧气。【例句研读】根据英语句子完成汉语句子Its a lot of information to absorb all at once.有很多信息 。The film Inception has totally absorbed the childrens attention.电影盗梦空间完全 。His business absorbs him.He is absorbed in his business.他 处理业务。In cold climates，houses need to have walls that will absorb heat.在寒冷的气候中，房子需要有 墙。【自主归纳】absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意力 be absorbed in . 全神贯注于be lost in 全神贯注于，沉湎于 be occupied in 使忙碌于，使从事于be addicted to 沉迷于 be devoted to 致力于，献身于【即时巩固】单项选择题She was so _ in her job that she didnt hear anybody knocking at the door.A. attracted B. absorbed C. drawn D. concentrated_ to playing computer games, he is always absent from school.A. Obsessed B. Addicted C. Abandoned D. Absorbed考点-12. cut back on【教材原句】It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.(P22)尽力削减产量并减少我们制造和购买的东西数量是我们的责任。【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分To save money, we should cut back on our spending.Many companies are cutting back on staff in time of financial crisis.If we cannot sell more, we will have to cut back on production.【答案】减少花销 裁员 减少产量【自主归纳】cut across走捷径，抄近路 cut off隔绝、断绝、（电路）切断、“剪下”、“砍掉”；cut up切割开来、切碎 cut through凿穿、穿过、穿透；抄近路cut down 砍倒、削减、压缩， cut in插话 cut out剁碎, 砍碎，剪裁，剪下选用上述词组填空We are going to the mountain to build a free way here.She the cake and gave each of us a piece.The flood the villagers from the rest of the world.Youd better the article to about 2,000 words.Dont try to while others are talking.In order not to be late, she the fields.【答案】cut through cut up cutoff cut down cut in cut across/through【即时巩固】单项选择题(2020陕西卷)My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking, but at least he has_.A. cut out B. cut down C. cut up D. cut offMilitary helicopters dropped food and medicine to the earthquake survivors that remained _ in remote mountain villages.A. cut offB. paid offC. put offD. laid offThe old man showed us how to _ part of the surface of the wood and let a pattern in.A. cut downB. cut inC. cut outD. cut up考点-13. think of as【教材原句】We need to stop thinking of companies and businessmen as the enemy, and give them more credit!(P23) 我们不要再把公司和商人看作是敌人了，而应该给他们更多的赞扬。【例句研读】译出下列句子I think of this place as my home.。She is thought of as a possible future film star.。I cant think of a better place for our party.。What do you think of my singing?。We think highly of contributions to his country.。Dont think nothing of what the teacher said.。Usually most of the children and the old people like to think aloud.。The committee have thought carefully over this plan.。【答案】我把这个地方看成自己的家。人们认为她可能是未来的电影明星。我想不出一个更好的聚会的地方。你觉得我的歌唱得怎么样？我们高度评价了他对他的祖国做出的贡献。别不把老师说的话当回事。通常小孩和老人喜欢自言自语。全体委员都仔细考虑了这个计划。【自主归纳】把看成： think ofas=consideras=look onas对高度评价/赞扬：think highly(well/ a lot / much)of=speak highly(well/ a lot / much) of=sing high praise forthink badly/nothing/little/lowly of 觉得不怎么样，对评价不高，不把放在眼里think about想，思考，考虑 think aloud 自言自语 think over仔细考虑What do you think of?=How do you like? 你认为/觉得怎么样？【即时巩固】单项选择题What do you store shopping in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but will never be replaced.A. think about B. think well of C. think of D. think overOur English teacher loves us very much and he _.A. thinks highly of B. is thought wellC. is highly thought of D. is highly thinking of考点-14.use up/run out【教材原句】The number of people in the world keeps growing, and we are producing more rubbish and using up more raw materials. (P25) 世界人口的数量不断增长，我们不断制造更多的垃圾，消耗更多的原材料。What if they run out? (P25) 如果它们用完了怎么办呢？【例句研读】根据英语句子完成汉语句子We have run out of the money our mother gave us.我们 妈妈给的钱。She has run out of her money and her patience is also running out.她的钱 ，她的耐心也要 了。My money has been used up, so I have to return home.我的钱 ，因此我必须回家。His strength gave out after he ran that long distance.跑完这么长一段距离，他已 。【自主归纳】run out of 意为“用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动意义，主语一般是人。run out意为“用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。use up“用完，消耗尽”，为及物动词短语。give out“用尽，精疲力竭”，为不及物动词短语。I need your help, for Ihave run out of my money / have used up my money.I need your help, for my money has run out/has been used up/has been run out of.【即时巩固】单项选择题(2020重庆卷) Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres left.A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run outThe people in the war area have _food. They are in a very difficult situation.A. run out B. used up C. been run out of D. been used up考点-15. pick out【教材原句】There are also things that can be done at a national or international level, such as sharing information between countries and using satellites to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification.(P33)还有一些可以从国家或国际高度来做的事情，比如在国家之间共享信息、使用卫星找出可能受荒漠化影响的地区。【例句研读】根据英语句子完成汉语句子Pick out two similar brands of a product a name-brand butter and a generic (无商标产品), for example.品牌的某一产品，例如，有品牌名字的黄油和无商标的黄油。At once I picked out my elder brother in the crowd.我立刻在人群中 。I have to pick out its meaning with the help of an English translation.我必须借助英文的译文才能 。【自主归纳】pick out常指按照个人喜爱或希望进行挑选。它的另一个意思是“辨认，认出”。select指有目的、仔细认真地选择，常常含有淘汰的意思。choose通常只在所提供的对象中经过考虑，凭个人的判断进行选择。常常指一般意义上的选择。John tried on several jackets, and at last chose a very nice one.约翰试穿了好几件甲克衫，最后选中了一件十分满意的。He has a copy of Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung. 他有一套毛泽东选集。【即时巩固】单项选择题If you had to _ between staying here alone or