高三英语复习必修3 Module 5 ＆ Module 6外研社知识精讲

高三英语复习必修3 Module 5 Module 6外研社【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China Module 6 Old and New复习回顾必修3 5&6模块的基础知识，使学生熟练掌握两模块中的词汇，短语和语法知识，并能将知识系统化。知识点梳理：Key wordsafford vt. , equal adj. , importance n. , teaching n. , kindness n. , treat vt. , exist vi. , principle n. , position n. , belief n. , stress vt. , resign vt. , influence vt. , influential adj. , justice n. , found vt. , contribution n. , invent vt. , category n. , argument n. , freedom n. , condition n. , spread vi. , provide vt. , civil adj. , structure n. , engineering n. , date vi. , accommodate vt. , construction n. , generate vi. , harness vt. , control vt. , historical adj. , narrow adj. , submerge vt. , remove vt. , freezing adj. , ridiculous adj. , enormous adj. , crash vi. , destroy vt.Useful phraseslook after照看，照顾more than多于，不少于believe in信任be similar to与相似、相同agree with同意，赞同bring up抚养长大be going to即将at war with与处于战争状态be born in出生于be/become famous for因而出名著名as a result结果try to do尽力做be different from不同于be proud of为而骄傲because of因为at first起先，起初date from追溯到dream of渴望梦想hold back阻止come true实现at all根本prefer to宁愿in fact实际上Important sentences1. 分词短语作伴随状语。2. spend time/money(in )doing sth.3. 过去分词短语作定语。4. 同位语从句。5. 表语从句。6. 过去分词短语作状语。7. It takes sb. sometime to do sth.8. suggest后跟宾语的用法。Grammar and usage1. when, where, who, which, whose引导的定语从句。2. “介词which/whom”引导的定语从句。3. 非限制性定语从句(non-defining relative clauses)要点归纳：一、重点词汇1. afford vt. （1）（常与can, could, be able to连用）买得起；有足够的（去做）(2) 提供，给予例句：We cant afford to pay such a price.我们付不起这个价钱。Dancing affords us pleasure.跳舞给我们带来快乐。【相关链接】（1）affordable adj. 负担得起的（2）can(not)afford to do（不）能够做（3）辨析：afford，provide，supplyafford提供，是书面语，主要以事物作主语，provide提供，着重“因有远见而事先作了充分的储备”；supply供应，是本组词中的最常用词，有时着重指“满足所需要的或欠缺的东西”例句：The sun affords warmth to the earth.太阳使地球得到温暖。This will provide/afford a good opportunity for them to exchange their experience。这将为他们交流经验提供好机会。Who is supplying the rebels with guns and ammunition？谁在向叛军供应枪支弹药？2. equal adj. 相等的；相当的；均等的( + to/ in)；胜任的；能对付的（-f- to）；平等的。n. （地位等）相同的人；相等的事物；相等的数量。vt. 等于C；比得上；敌得过（in/as）。例句：In spelling she had no equal.在拼写方面她没有对手。No one equals him in strength.论力气，无人能和他相比。【相关链接】be equal to能胜任be equal to与相等be/feel equal to（doing) sth. 胜任；经得起【真题链接】【例】Fitness is important in sport，but of at least _ importance are skills. (2020天津卷)A. fair B. reasonableC. equal D. proper解析：答案为C 该题考查形容词用法辨析。根据句意equal“相等的，相当的”符合题意要求。fair“公平的，公正的”, reasonable“合理的”，proper“合适的”，均不合题意。3. treat v. （1） 处理（2）把当作看待（常用于短语treat. . . as/like. . . ）（3）讨论、探讨、涉及（相当于deal with）（4）治疗（5）请客、款待（常用于treat sb. / oneself to sth. 请某人自己吃）n. (1) 请客、款待(2) 使人愉快的事、乐事（相当于pleasure）例句：He treated this matter too carelessly.他对这件事的处理太粗心了。They treated each other like brothers.他们亲如手足。They treated her for a broken leg.他们为她治疗断腿。Ill treat you to lunch this time.这次我请你吃午餐。What a treat it is to get up early.早起乐趣无穷。【相关链接】treat意为“治疗”，并不指治好、治愈；若要表示“治愈某人的病”，常用cure sb. of ones illness。【真题链接】例I really cant understand _ her like that. （NMET2020安徽卷）A. you treat B. you to treatC. why treat D. you treating解析：答案为D understand后接“动词ing形式”或“动词ing形式”的复合结构作宾语。“动词ing形式”的复合结构作宾语时，可以用物主代词或人称代词宾格构成复合结构。4. belief n. 信任，信心，信仰例句：His story is beyond belief.他的话难以置信。【相关链接】beyond belief难以置信的，令人吃惊的；难以想象地，非常地have belief in相信，信任in the belief（引起状语）相信tax sb. s belief使某人难以相信to the best of my belief在我看来；我深信；就我所知5. influence v. 影响n. (1) 影响力；感化力 (2) 权力；势力例句：My teacher influenced my decision to study science.我的老师影响了我学理科的决定。Many a woman has influence upon her husband.多数的妇女都对其丈夫有影响。Will you exercise your influence on my behalf?你愿意用你的权力给我帮忙吗？【相关链接】（1）influential adj. 有很大影响力的。（2）under the influence of受到的影响have influence over有左右的力量have influence on/upon对有影响6. found vt. 建立；建造；创立，创办；将建立在(+ on/upon)vi. （论点等）基于，被建立在（on/upon）例句：His theory is founded on facts.他的理论建立在事实的基础上。This story is founded on/upon fact.这故事是有事实依据的。7. contribute vi. 意为“做出贡献；出一份力；捐款；投稿”。vt. 意为“贡献；提供；捐献；投（稿）”。例句：I dont think its difficult for everyone to contribute.我想人人都出一份力是不难的。【相关链接】（1）contribution n. 可作可数名词用，意为“贡献；捐赠物；稿件”；也可作不可数名词用，意为“捐款；贡献；促成；投稿”。contributor n. 意为“捐款人；捐助者；投稿人”。(2) contribute to意为“为作贡献；为捐款；有助于；向投稿”。8. invent vt. 意思为“发明，创造”，后面接名词或代词。例句：Edison invented the electric lamp.爱迪生发明了电灯。【相关链接】辨析：discover，look for，find out与inventdiscover指（偶然）发现原来就存在但是一直未被认识到的东西；look for作寻找解时，指寻找的动作和过程；find指寻找的结果，即找到，是非延续性动作；find out指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来，搞清楚，弄明白；invent指发明原来不存在的东西。9. argue vi. 争论，争辩，辩论vt. 辩论，争论；说服，劝说；主张，认为，论证；证明，表明例句：He argues soundly.他争辩得很有道理。They argued the case for hours.他们就这件事争论了数小时。【相关链接】argue about辩论争论某事argue on辩论争论某事argue over辩论争论某事argue against反驳，显示出与相反的结论，证明是站不住脚的argue down驳倒某人argue sb. down驳倒某人argue for赞成，为而力争argue sb. into说服某人（做某事或接受某种意见）argue sb. out of说服某人不做某事，打消某种念头argue sth. away提出论据消除某问题，驳倒某事argue sth. off提出论据消除某问题，驳倒某事10. spread vt. 铺展，展开；传播，传开vi. 伸展；延伸；传播，传开；展现（常与out连用）例句：Spread her wings the bird headed for the island.鸟儿展开翅膀向岛上飞去。But the story of the little boy spread quickly.但是小男孩的故事很快就传开了。【相关链接】spread oneself口舒展四肢（躺下）；夸夸其谈spread out张开，伸开spread over遍布在，覆盖在spread to传到，波及，蔓延到【真题链接】例：With the rapid growth of population，the city_ in all directions in the past five years. (2020安徽春季)A. spreads B. has spreadC. spread D. had spread解析：答案为B这句话的意思是“随着人口的迅速增长，在过去的5年里这个城市向四面八方一直在扩展”。该题考查谓语动词的时态，解题时一般要根据特定的时间状语来判断。句中in the past five years (在过去的5年里）表示一段时间，其谓语动词表示动作的延续性，故选用现在完成时态。11. provide vt. (1)提供（for）(2)装备，供给vi. (1)抚养，赡养（+for）(2)作准备；预防（for/ against）例句：On Sundays his landlady provided dinner as well as breakfast.星期天，他的女房东不但供给早餐，还供给晚餐。Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing.她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。He has a large family to provide for.他有一大家子人要养活。We have to provide for/against possible accidents.我们要为可能发生的意外作些准备。【相关链接】（1）provide sth. for sb. provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供什么东西provide for/against为作准备（2）辨析：offer，provide和supply三者都有“提供”之意，但含义不同。offer既表示主动慷慨地给别人提供某物，也可表示无主动之情地提供，常用于offer sb. sth. 或offer sth. to sb. 的固定搭配中。例句：Two days later I received a letter offering me the job.两天后我收到了一封提供我工作的信。The guesthouse offers all kinds of food to foreign visitors.这个招待所供应外宾各种食品。provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中。例句：It is the duty of the government to provide homes for the old.政府有义务为老年人提供住所。supply通常指定期“供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品。常用于supply sb. with sth. 或supply sth. to/for sb. 结构。例句：Our task is to supply vegetables all year round.我们的任务是一年四季提供蔬菜。【真题链接】例：Its the present situation in poor areas that _ much higher spending on education and training. (2020北京)A. answers for B. provided forC. calls for D. plans for解析：答案为C句意：贫穷地区的目前形势要求在教育和训练方面花费更多的资金。call for要求; answer for负责，保证 provide for供养，规定；plan for为作计划，打算。12. control v. 统治；操纵；支配；管理n. 控制；控制能力例句：This knob controls the radios volume.这个旋钮可调节收音机的音量。He has no control over his emotions.他控制不住自己的感情。【相关链接】in control. . . 支配控制under/in the control of. . . 在的控制下out of control不受管制；失去控制lose control of. . . 失去控制bring sth. under control把控制住13. narrow adj . (1) 狭的，狭窄的(2) 范围狭小的(3) 心胸狭窄的vt 使变窄；限制；缩小（范围等）（down）vi. 变窄；收缩；减少例句：He has only a narrow circle of friends.他交友不广。The river narrows at this point.河面到了这儿变得很狭窄。【相关链接】narrow down变狭窄；减少；缩小【真题链接】例：I had to drive back and forth to get my car into the _ space. （NMET2020 完形）A. complete B. closeC. narrow D. fixed解析：答案为C本题考查形容词。由上文a yellow Oldsmobile was parked too close to my space可知blue Buick的车位相对较窄，因此选择C项narrow。14. remove vt. (1)移动，搬开；调动 （from/to）(2)脱掉；去掉，消除 ( + from)(3)使离去；把免职；撤去（from）vi. 迁移，搬家（from/to）例句：She removed the painting to another wall.她把画搬到另一面墙上。She saw he had removed his glasses.她看到他摘下了他的眼镜。The corrupt official was removed from office.这个贪官被罢了职。【相关链接】在动词前加re-前缀，表示“再次，又”。 如：rebuild (重新修建）,replace (放回原处），recreate (重新创造，再创造），restore (修复，重制），retell (复述），rewrite (改写），remarry再婚），reprint (重印），reproduce (重制），replay (重新演奏），reopen (重开，再开），renew (翻新，续借）等。【真题链接】例 Your desk is crowded with too many unnecessary things. You have to _ some of them.A. remain B. recycle C. remove D. renew解析：答案为C 前缀re-是意为“重，又，仍然”。remain表示“仍然”；recycle表示“回收”；remove表示“移走”；renew表示“续借”，根据语境可知“搬走不必要的东西”。15. destroy vt. 破坏，毁坏，消灭例句：The fire destroyed all my books.这场大火毁了我的全部书籍。【相关链接】（1）destroy itself自灭;destroy oneself自杀。（2）辨析：destroy，damage，harm和hurtdestroy “毁灭；消灭”，主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难恢复；damage “损失”，主要用于物，表示部分的损失，一般可以修复；harm“伤害；损害”，常用于口语，指“肉体、精神、健康”等方面均可；hurt主要指精神上或肉体上的“创伤；损害”。【真题链接】例 What happened to the priceless works of art？ _. （2020北京春季）A. They were destroyed in the earthquakeB. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquakeD. The earthquake destroyed them解析：这句话的意思是：“那些无价的艺术品怎么样了？” “它们在地震中遭到了破坏。” 上文问句What happened to the priceless works of art?虽然不是被动语态，但是其侧重点与被动语态相同，因此应选择destroy过去式的被动语态。而D项虽无语法错误，但是不符合“特定的实际交际情景”，不能选用。故答案为A。二、重点词组1. look after照顾，照看例句：Who will look after your children while you go out to work？你上班时谁来照料你的孩子？【相关链接】与look构成的重要短语有：look round环顾四周look for寻找；希望得到look forward to盼望look into调查；了解look down on/upon俯视；轻视某人look up to向上看；尊敬look though通过看；检查look on as把看作；认为【真题链接】_ this book and tell me what you think of it.A. Look through B. Look onC. Look into D. Look up解析：答案为A look through的意思是“浏览”；look into的意思是“往里看；调查，研究”；look on的意思是“观看，面向”; look up的意思是“往上看”。本句子的意思是“看一看书，然后告诉我你是怎么想的。”2. believe in 意思是信仰，信任某人，指人的品格、作风、为人方面的情况，相当于trust。例句：He did not believe in Howards honesty.他不相信霍华德为人真诚。【相关链接】believe表示“相信具体事物的真实性或人说的话的可靠性”，后面可接名词、代词或从句作宾语，也可接复合宾语。例句：I believe what you said. 我相信你说的话。We usually believe in him，but this doesnt mean we always believe him.通常我们信任他，但并不是我们总是相信他所说的话。【真题链接】例The flu is believed _by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. （2020上海）A. causing B. being causedC. to be caused D. to have caused解析：答案C根据flu和介词by可知应该用被动语态，所以排除A和D项；再根据is believed, 可知C为最佳答案。因为sth. is believed/considered/thought to be/as sth. 是英语中的一种常见句型。3. agree with（1）后接sb. /what sb. say/ones words/the suggestions /opinions/views等，表示同意；（2）表示“与一致”、“（食物、气候）适合某人”。例句：I can t agree with what you said at the meeting.我不同意你在会上所说的。【相关链接】辨析：agree with，agree to do，agree to sth. 和agree upon（on）sth.agree to do表示“同意做”；agree to sth. 意思是“赞同，同意”，to是介词，后面接表示“计划，办法、安排”的名词;agree on(upon ) sth. 在一方面或某一点上达成协议或取得一致意见。主语往往是协商一件事的人或单位，后面常常表示协议的文件、计划、行动等名词。比较：They agreed to leave at once.他们同意马上走。I agree to this plan. 我同意这个计划。Finally they agreed on a plan of work.他们最后就工作计划取得了一致意见。【真题链接】The manager has _ to improve the working conditions in the company.A. accepted B. allowedC. permitted D. agreed解析：答案为D A项不接不定式。B项allow通常用allow doing或allow sb. to do sth. 。C项用法与allow相同。4. bring up抚养；教养；提出；呕吐例句：He was brought up in the country.他在乡村中长大。【相关链接】bring out出版；显示；说明；阐明；引出bring in生产，挣得，介绍引进bring down使价格等降低，使倒下bring about引起，使发生bring back(to ones mind)使回想起bring on引起；使发生bring to light使发现；使了解到【例】He does odd jobs that _ him _ 50 dollars a month. （2020天津卷）A. bring；on B. bring；upC. bring；in D. bring；out解析：答案为C 句意为“他做零工，每月挣得50美元”。bring sb. inmoney使某人赚得多少钱。5. as a result of由于，因为例句：He was late as a result of the snow.由于大雪他迟到了。【相关链接】（1）as a result结果例句：As a result，there is often trouble in American families.因此，美国家庭中常常会出现麻烦事。（2）result from发生，产生例如：His failure resulted largely from his laziness.他的失败主要是懒惰所致。（3）result in结果；导致例句：The accident resulted in three people being killed.这次事故造成3人死亡。6. try to do尽力做；试图做例句：The boy tried hard to catch hold of the branch，but failed.男孩竭力想抓住树枝，但没有成功。【相关链接】（1）try doing sth. 表示“试着做”。例句：Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.如果前门没人应门，去敲后门试试看。（2）manage to do意为“设法（终于）完成（某件困难的事）”。例句 Do you suppose you can manage to get me a passport？你认为你能给我弄到护照吗？【模拟试题】单项填空1. Its well-known that _ year 2020 saw many developments in _ science and technology.A. / ；/ B. the； C. the；the D. /； the2. I sent a wedding invitation to a friend，but unfortunately _ couldnt attend my wedding ceremony.A. who B. one C. she D. that3. Your forehead _ hot. I guess you _ a fever.A. feels；have got B. is feeling；haveC. is felt；are having D. has felt；have got4. He，as a Party member，always thinks of _ he can do more for the people.A. what B. if C. why D. how5. The time I had been looking forward to _ at last and I saw my favorite star.A. coming B. having come C. came D. come6. Jerry is playing online games.Hes playing games? Hes _ to be doing his homework now.A. believed B. supposed C. considered D. pretended7. This small seaside village is a perfect place for holidays so that visitors never leave it _ .A. felt disappointing B. feeling disappointedC. feeling disappointing D. felt disappointed8. What noise outside! _ . Ill close the doors and the windows. Now，lets go on.A. Not at all B. Thats right C. All right D. Never mind9. Billy listened carefully _ she might discover exactly what John wanted.A. for fear that B. in case C. in order that D. so as that10. Not getting that job is a big letdown.Dont worry. Something better will _ .A. come along B. take on C. go by D. fall behind11. Nowhere else in the world _ more attractive country scenery than in w Wales.A. you enjoy B. can you enjoy C. you can enjoy D. enjoy you12. As the medicine took _，the patient became quieter.A. force B power C effect D. part13. You shouldnt have talked back to our teacher like that. It was awfully impolite.You are right. I _ crazy at that moment.A. must have been B. must be C. could have been D. should have been14. Goods imported from abroad are _those made in China. Yes. Some of the goods made in our country are of high quality.A. always as good as B. always no better thanC. not so well as D. not always better than15. What did you do last Sunday, Peter?Well, I_ to see a friend of mine，but in the end I stayed at home doing nothing.A. was going B. has gone C. went D. had gone完形填空My mum is in the Philippines.When she first flew off，I felt 16 at least I could play “Madden” for a couple of hours more than 17 ，or wait a few days before I clean my room ! 18 did I know that I would be in for a month long struggle for survival while she was away.OK. Im exaggerating(夸张). She 19 lots of food and money to make sure I dont starve. But starving is the least of my worries. My 20 is the everyday tasks around the housedoing the laundry. sweeping the floors and 21 the room，which dont seem too difficult 22 Mum is away.After I did the laundry and vacuumed(用吸尘器清洁)my room，l finally got to 23 .“Wow, so this is what Mum means when she says shes tired 24 cleaning the house，” I said to myself.And I wasnt even finished. My mum usually 25 me to dust my room every weekend. Because shes been gone，it almost 26 my mind. Now Im left 27 big piles of dust, not just in my room 28 around the rest of the house. Its not that my mum has magical powers 29 make house work easier. Its that she knows and remembers 30 to do those things.Yes，mums can nag(唠叨)and mums can 31 children. But heres a case in which this old saying holds 32 ：“You dont know what you have until its 33 . ” So if your mum isnt on 34 ，give her a hug right now and 35 her for making life easier.16. A. worried B. excited C. nervous D. sad17. A. usual B. time C. her D. common18. A. Few B. Nothing C. Little D. All19. A. will leave B. leave C. did leave D. gave20. A. answer B. work C. pressure D. problem21. A. doing B. dusting C. getting D. having22. A. when B. after C. until D. while23. A. sleep B. sit C. know D. rest24. A. after B. while C. before D. with25. A. reminds B. scolds C. suggests D. retells26. A. happened B. took C. slipped D. brought27. A. for B. at C. with D. on28. A. but B. and C. however D. then29. A. which B. that C. where D. why30. A. how B. when C. what D. who31. A. cry B. shout C. 1eave D. embarrass32. A. right B. friendly C. forever D. true33. A. gone B. done C. broken D. driven34. A. bed B. home C. vacation D. the way35. A. give B. thank C. love D. wish阅读理解AWHAT is the top hit single of 20207 Its “Dont Wanna Grow Up”!Taiwan girl band S. H. E took home the gold hit award at the 2020 Hong Kong TVB8 Top Chart Awards(金曲榜)last week，with “Dont Wanna Grow Up” from their eighth album “Once Upon A Time”.Its the first time S. H. E has won the award. The three members，Selina. Hebe and Ella were all very excited about it. They not only performed the song at the award ceremony. but also offered exaggerated(夸张的)hugs when giving awards to other artists.“Dont Wanna Grow Up” is a song with light tunes(旋律)and easy lyrics. Its music writer Zuo Anan used the tunes from Mozarts Symphony N0 40 as the refrain(副歌). That gives th