2020高考英语 分项突破训练阅读理解精析精练06 人物传记类

2020高考英语分项突破训练阅读理解精析精练人物传纪类 【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案She was born to wealth and power in an era when money and politics were left to the men. Later, as The Washington Posts publisher, Katharine Graham became one of Americas most powerful women.Despite a privileged background, Katharine had to deal, while growing up, with the high demands her mother placed on her. Katharines love of journalism, which she shared with her father, led to her career after college at The Washington Post, the newspaper her father bought in 1933. At the Post, Katharine met Phil Graham, a young, charming lawyer who became her husband. When, in 1945, Katharines father chose Phil over her to take over his struggling paper, Katharine didnt object and stayed at home as a wife and mother of four.While Phils successful efforts to restore the Post to prominence made the Grahams popular members of the Washington social scene, Katharine privately suffered tremendous pain from her husbands increasingly abusive behavior and wild mood swings caused by severe depression. When Phil committed suicide(自杀), the 46-year-old Katharine found herself thrown into a new job, that of newspaper publisher. But determined to save the family paper for her children, Katharine rose to the challenge of running the Post, attending meetings in every department, working endlessly to prove herself to her critics, and becoming the toast of Washington.In 1971, Katharine ordered the Post to print a copy of The Pentagon Papers, the top-secret documents revealing the truth about the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. Whats more, her courageous decision and support for her journalists prepared the Post to break the most important political story in modern history: Watergate(水门事件), one of the greatest scandals(丑闻) in American political history. Katharine managed to keep control over the most chaotic situations when it was reported, all the time insisting the news stories be accurate and fair. Watergate made The Washington Post an internationally known paper and Katharine was considered as the most powerful woman in America.56. Katharine Graham was born in a time when_.A. women were not given the chance to receive educationB. women were not considered as intelligent as menC. women were not permitted to achieve their goalsD. women were not allowed to enter every field57. When her husband was chosen to take charge of the newspaper, Katharine Graham_.A. was strongly against the ideaB. was not happy to be rejectedC. was willing to take her share of responsibilityD. didnt believe her husband would do a good job58. Which can be considered the most important event in the history of The Washington Post?A. Reporting Watergate scandal.B. Printing The Pentagon Papers.C. Reporting the Vietnam War.D. Phil restoring the Post.59. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. It was Katharine Grahams husband who made the greatest contributions to the Post.B. When Katharine Graham first took over the Post, her critics doubted her ability.C. Katharine Graham was successful in her career but suffered severe depression.D. Katharine Graham was free to do whatever she liked in her early life.60. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Ups and downs of The Washington PostB. Katharine Grahams family life and careerC. Katharine Graham:from housewife to successful publisherD. Katharine Graham:a woman who shaped American journalism文章向我们讲述的是一位传奇式女性Katharine Graham如何从一位家庭主妇, 通过苦心经营成为一位闻名于世的出版商的故事。56.D【解析】细节理解题。由第一段第一句可知, 凯瑟琳格雷厄姆出生在一个政治和金钱被男人主宰的时代, 不是每一个领域都允许女性进入的。57.C【解析】由第二段的最后一句可以推出：当父亲将华盛顿邮报大权交给她丈夫时, 她没有怨言, 甘愿在家做全职主妇, 养育4个孩子。 My dad is very unique because of his personality and lifestyle. For instance, put his watch on his left hand, even though hes a lefty, and parking his car only in the garage is just his thing and doesnt change.My father only wears suits during the week because its something very professional and formal. He loves to teach what he knows, from teaching my mother, aunt, and sisters driving skills to teaching his kids vocabulary. Also, whenever he is asked to do something at work, whatever it is, he will always complete the task on time.My mother buys most of his clothes, as he hates big crowds. In his house, children watch TV only after finishing all homework, which he believes is the best, because the child does his homework and still stays happy.One of my fathers main focuses in life is making sure his children grow up the right way, like he did. He grew up with one sister in Chicago. As he got older, he got married to my mother who is three years younger than him.My dad is an individual with numerous qualities. His personality is just very wonderful to live with. The manners he shows are so refined and probably much better than most people. I admire my father and want to be just like him when I grow up.(1)The author used examples in the first paragraph to show his father _.A. is a stubborn man B. has only one garageC. is a unique person D. doesnt want any change(2) Which of the following is NOT true about the authors father? _.A. He is keen on shopping very much B. He wants to look professional and formal C. He takes good care of his children D. He is always punctual for the work(3) According to the passage, the authors father _.A. first met his wife in Chicago B. has a sister three years youngerC. got married at a very old age D. gets along well with his family(4) We can infer from the text that _.A. parent could have great influence on their kidsB. father is always the strictest person in a familyC. children want to grow up just as their fathersD. good personalities make a person extraordinary【文章大意】文章通过对父亲优秀品格的介绍，向我们描述了一个出色的父亲，说明了父母对孩子的成长影响深远。(1)C【解析】细节理解题。由本段的结构可以看出，For instance后所举的例子是为了论证第一句话所提出的观点，就是“My dad is very unique”。(2)A【解析】细节判断题。由第三段的“My mother buys most of his clothes，as he hates big crowds.”可以看出，爸爸讨厌购物，都是妈妈帮他买。由此可以判断A项错误。(3)D【解析】推理判断题。由文章的叙述来看，父亲和孩子们以及妻子相处得都很好。A项没有提到；倒数第二段提到妈妈比爸爸小三岁，而不是他的妹妹比他小三岁，故排除B；倒数第二段中“got older”意思是长大，而不是变老，故排除C项。本题难。(4)A【解析】推断题。由文章的叙述结合最后一段的“I admire my father and want to be just like him when I grow up.”可以看出，父母对孩子的影响很大。Isabella Stewart was born in New York City in 1840Her father made a great deal of money in the tradeDuring school，her parents took her to Italy to explore the countrys many cultural treasuresOne of the private art collections Isabella visited in Milan had a deep influence on herShe wrote to her friends about her dream of owning a house one day with an art collection like the one she had seen in ItalyIn Paris，Isabella became close friends with one of her classmates，Julia Gardner，whose family was from BostonJulia would later introduce Isabella to her brother，JackIn 1860，Isabella Stewart married Jack GardnerThe couple had too much art to fit inside their homeSo they decided to start planning a museumMrsGardner didnt like the cold and emptyspaces of many museums during her timeShe wanted a warm museum filled with lightShe once said that she decided years ago that the greatest need in her country was artAmerica was a young country developing quickly in other areasBut the country needed more chances for people to See beautiful examples of artAfter her husbands death in 1898Isabella knew she had no time to lose in building her museumShe bought land，hired a building designer，and supervised(监督)every detail of her museums constructionMrsGardner opened her museum on January 1，1903，which was then called Fenway CourtShe invited her friends that night for a special musical performanceThe next month，she opened the museum to the publicAt first，visits were limited to twenty days out of the yearVisitors paid one dollar to enterIsabella Stewart Gardner died in 1924 in Boston. In her will，she left the museum a million dollars and a series of requirements about how it should be managed, one that the permanent collection cannot be changed(1)The text is mainly about _Ahow Isabella Gardner realized her dream of being an artistBhow Mrand MrsGardner added to their collections of artChow Isabellas museum was openedDIsabella Stewart Gardner and her museum(2)By saying“the greatest need in her country was art”in Paragraph 4MrsGardner meant that _AAmerica was still a young developing countryBthere were no museums in America at that timeCart fell far behind other fields of the American societyDAmericans had no chance to enjoy the beautiful art(3)In order to achieve her dream of owning an arts museum，Mrs Gardner _Araised money from her friends and relativesBsold out all her land and housesCheld special musical performances for moneyDwatched over the process of building the museum(4)Which statement is NOT true according to the text?AIsabella-and Jack were classmates when studying in ParisBThe museums at that time was not comfortable。CIsabella opened the museum about five years after Jacks deathDGreat as the museum was，visitors had to wait and pay to enter(5)From the passage，we can learn that the museum _Ahelps earn much money for its collections of artBis called Fenway Court by the visitorsCwas opened to the public on January 1st，1903Dis still affected by Isabella Gardner in management now(1)D【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要是讲了Isabella Stewart Gardner的一生和她为了实现自己心中目标所作的奋斗。故答案选D。(2)C【解析】句意猜测题。根据文章第四段的“was a young countrv developing quicklv in other areas”可以判断出，当时美国的 其他领域发展的相当的快，而艺术则相对落后。故答案选C。(3)D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段，Isabella Stewart亲自买建筑用地，雇用建筑设计者，监管建筑的每个细节，其目的就是要确保博物馆快速而高质量的完成从而实现自己的梦想。故答案选D。(4)A【解析】细节判断题。根据文章第三段，Isabella stewart当时与Jack的妹妹是同学，故A与原文不符；第四段提到当时的博物馆冷而空洞，因此应该感觉不舒服，故B与原文一致； Roger Colmer is a modem-day Horatio Alger heroRoger started out as an unpaid worker in a small flower shopHe has become the owner of a florist company whose sales are well over $l00 000 a yearOne day when Roger was only twelve，he stopped at a local flower shopHe asked the owner if he could work fur him，without pay,in order to learn the businessRoger started working every day after school and on weekendsAfter two years on thejob，he finally asked for a small salaryThe owners told him he “wasnt good enough to bepaid”So he quit ,and found a paying job at another local flower shop He worked hard there，but after six months they laid him offbecause business was slowNot discouraged,Roger decided to do it alone and started his own flower store in a basementHe started his business with only sixty-five dollarsHe bought old refrigerators at garage sales and knocked the shelves out This turnedthem into coolers fur his fresh-cut flowersHis business grew rapidly as he built up a reputation for top quality and fine serviceIn l977，Roger bought out the flower store where he had worked without pay for over two yearsThe people who said he “wasnt good enough”were astonished to find that they were being taken over by a teenager He had plans to renovate the whole storeOne of the reasons the owners sold out to Roger was that the store wasnt doing wellBut after Roger took over ownership and redid the store，business started boomingIn fact,business was so good that after one year,he celebrated by buying out the other store where he had workedRoger then combined both Stores and moved to a location in the center of his townThe new storehas 2，000 square feet and seven employeesAnd he didit all before he reached the age of twenty(1)The author is most eager to show that people who want to get ahead in business shouldA. Work without pay B. own a flower shopC. work hard and be persistent D. work as teenagers(2)Which of the following does NOT describe Roger Comers history in business?A. He worked for two years without payB. He needed luck ot be successfulC. He opened his first flower business iin a basementD. He opened a store in the middle of his town(3)The style of the passage is mostly like aA. newspaper article B. humorous storyC. television play D. magazine interview(4)Which of the following statements about Roger Conner is NOT true?A.He gave customers better service than the other shops he had worked forB.He was a very brave and heroic young manC.He worked hard wihtout pay in a flower shop in order to get to know the businessD.He was free to make decisions on the location of his shop(5)From what you know about Roger Conner, you can conclude that a “Horatio Alger herois the kind of person whoA.works hard in the flower businessB.is born into a rich familyC.starts out poor and becomes richD.becomes famous【文章大意】本文讲述了Roger从一家花店义务学徒工成为拥有销售十万美元的鲜花公司老板的传奇故事。(1)C【解析】判断作者观点题。Roger最初在花店做义务学徒工，几经周折后最终自己开店并取得成功。作者旨在向人们证明做生意要想领先别人，必须勤奋工作并持之以恒的道理。(2)B【解析】细节把握题。通读全文，作者提到Roger成功的因素中没有运气。故B项为正确答案。(3)A【解析】判断写作风格题。本文讲述Roger成功的故事。由于对主人公各方面只是粗略地介绍，所以它是一篇报纸上的文章而不是杂志上的人物专访。(对人物各方面报道较详细）(4)B【解析】细节判断题。文章讲述Roger靠努力工作，持之以恒，取得生意上二的成功，这不是他英雄勇敢方面品质的体现。所以B项为正确答案。(5)C【解析】文章大意题。作者描述Roger从65美元开花店到成为年销售十万美元业绩的鲜花销售公司老板，从这方面说他是英雄是指他从一个穷小子成了大老板。Experts say probably no one in the history of the American theater influenced it more than George Abbott.He lived to be one hundred and seven years old.He remained active until he died，January 31,1995.George Francis Abbott was born in 1887 in New York State.His family moved to the western state of Wyoming when he was eleven years old.George worked as a cowboy during summers before the family moved back to New York State，near the city of Buffalo.He attended the University of Rochester，where he played football and took part in the acting club.He then studied play writing at Harvard University.In 1912，he won one hundred dollars for a play he wrote called“The Man in the Manhole”George Abbott moved to New York City in 1913But he had a slow start in the theater.He did not get many acting jobs.Two years later，he became an assistant to a theater producer.Soon he was deeply involved with rewriting plays and producing them.He had his first hit show in 1926It was called“Broadway”You can tell the history of the Broadway theater area in New York City by telling the story of George Abbotts life.He wrote plays.He directed them.He produced plays.And he acted in them.He was involved in more than one hundred and twenty productions.Some of his most popular shows were musicals.They include“Jumbo”，“Pal Joey”，“Call Me Madam”，“Pajama Game”，“Fiorello！”and“Damn Yankees”In some years，he had three hit shows at the same time.(1)From the passage，we can see that the writer_.Athinks highly of George Abbott in the development of AmericaBthinks well of George Abbott who created the history of playCadmires George Abbott greatly for his varieties of inventionsDsings high praise for George Abbotts role in the history of the American play(2)When did his family move to the western state of Wyoming?A1898. B1887. C1897. D1798.(3)Which of the statements about George Abbott is not right?AHe lived a bit older than ordinary persons.BHe played football and took part in the acting club in the University of Rochester.CHe won one hundred dollars for a play he acted in called“The Man in the Manhole”DHe moved to New York City when he was 26(4)The main idea of the last paragraph is_.Ahow important George Abbotts was in his familyBhow many works George Abbott wroteCGeorge Abbott played an important role in the history of the Broadway theater areaDGeorge Abbott is a gifted play writer in the world(1)D【解析】写作意图题。文章开门见山，然后从细处着手描写George Abbott的一生，赞扬了他在美国戏剧史上的深刻影响，所以选D项。(2)A【解析】细节理解题。第二段George Francis Abbott was born in 1887 in New York State.His family moved to the western state of Wyoming when he was eleven years old.是做题的依据。(3)C【解析】细节理解题。第三段的“In 1912，he won one hundred dollars for a play he wrote calledThe Man in the Manhole”是答案所在。(4)C【解析】主旨大意题。最后一段写了他的辉煌成就，说明他在Broadway戏剧院的发展史上起到非常重要的作用。The crowd cheered and cheered.The man with the horn waved and smiled his great, happy smile.“More! More!”cried the crowd.And Louis Satchmo Armstrong took his horn and began to play again.Here he was in England.Now a famous man,he was rich.He knew many important people.Wherever he went,people knew his name.They wanted to hear his music.As Louis played the sad,slow songs,he thought of his home in New Orleans.He lived there as a boy.How many years ago it was? It was a busy,exciting city. But Louis family was very poor.He went to work to help his mother.He also went to school. One of Louis teachers asked him to be in the school band“This horn is yours until you leave our school,”his teacher said.Louis music was jazz and he loved it.He remembered all the music he heard.He didnt learn to read music until he was a man.When he left school,he played in many bands.He loved his work and people loved him. They knew he had a wonderful talent.Louis played on the boats that sailed up and down the river.He played in little towns and in big cities.Satchmos horn had as many sounds as ten hornssometimes slow and sweet;sometimes fast and hot,high and low.His music was always strong and exciting.“He does make wonderful music,”said the man who listened happily.“Yes,”said another man,“he makes that horn speak.”Then the music jazz as I can play.I thought jazz was my music,but now I understand it is ours.Isnt it beautiful how music brings us together!”41.What music did Armstrong play?A.Jazz music.B.Classical music.C.Rock music.D.Pop music.42.When did he learn to read music?A.When he was less than 14 years old.B.When he w