Unit14 Zoology单词学案 人教版

Unit14 Zoology单词学案1.*get hold of 抓住, 得到 hold on to 坚持 hold back1). 阻止 (= keep back)The villagers built banks of earth to hold back the flood waters.村民们筑起土坝,防止洪水泛滥。No one can hold back the wheel of history.谁也无法阻止历史车轮的前进。2). 抑制（情感、情绪） (= hold in, keep back)The boss was unable to hold back his anger any longer. (喻) 老板再也抑制不住怒火了。3). 阻碍发展 (= keep back) 4). 退缩不前 (= hang back, hang behind)5). 保密；隐瞒2.*transparent 1.) 透明的;清澈的2.) 显而易见的;一目了然的+thatIt was transparent that her pride was hurt. 很显然,她的自尊心受到了伤害。3.) 坦率的,光明正大的 He is a man of transparent.4.) 易懂的,明晰的I like her transparent style of writing. 我喜欢她明晰的文体。3.*surrounding 环境;周围的事物PlHe didnt pay much attention to his surroundings. 他没有多注意他周围的环境。l 周围的;附近的Foxes started coming in from the surrounding countryside.狐狸开始从附近的乡下跑进来。4* troop1.) 军队,部队P The enemy troops withdrew.2.) 一群;大量,许多(+of)The old man was surrounded by a troop of children. 老人被一群孩子围住了。A troop of children rushed in and chased each other noisily.3.) 群集,集合(+up/together)4.) 成群结队地走 They all trooped into the meeting.5* precise1.) 精确的;准确的;确切的 I cant give you a precise date.2.) 明确的;清晰的 His instructions were not very precise.3.) 严格的;细致的We had precise orders to come home by nine oclock.我们得到严格的命令须于九点前回家。4.) 刻板的,拘泥的 He was very precise in his manners.他的一言一行都有板有眼。6.*clarify1.) 澄清;阐明He clarified his stand on the issue. 他澄清了他在该问题上的立场。His explanation clarified the mystery. 他的说明解开了这个谜。2.) 净化It requires of us great efforts to clarify sewage in cities.净化城市的污水需要我们很大3.) 使清楚,使清醒 My mind was clarified on this issue. 得到澄清;变得明晰His muddled brain suddenly clarified. 他糊涂的头脑突然清醒过来。7*changeable adj. 1.) 易变的;不定的His tempers been changeable this week, so dont annoy him.这星期他脾气变化无常,所以不要惹他生气。2.) 可改变的, 可能被改变的3.) 闪光的; 闪色的 changeable silk 闪光丝绸8.*adaptation n. 1.) 适应,适合US1He made a quick adaptation to the new environment. 他很快适应了新的环境。2.) 改编,改写;改写本UC This play is an adaptation of a novel.这一剧本是由小说改编的。1) It was in the house _ they got married _ they quarreled bitterly.It was not until they received their sons letter _ they felt relaxed.It is _ he was careless _ the car accident happened.l - _ further do we have to go?- Ive no idea. Perhaps one more mile. A. How B. How much C. Any D. What11. make a beeline for :走近路,走直路As he spoke, he made a beeline for the door.If you want to catch up with the team, youd better make a beeline for them.那个饥饿的男孩直奔回家吃饭.The hungry boy made a beeline for dinner.12. Compared to (with)与相比较Compared to (with) her mother, she is parewith把和做比较 compareto 把比作beyond/past/without compare无比的;无双的13. feast on 或feaston宴请(某人),款待;尽情地吃He feasted his friends on turkey. We feasted all evening on the best food and drink.14. take turns doing 轮流做某事take turns (in sth / to do sth) 依次, 轮流The male and female birds take turns in sitting on the eggs. 雄鸟和雌鸟轮流伏窝。We take it in turns to do the housework. 我们轮流做家务。in turn 依次，轮流，相应地，转而The children called out their names in turn. 孩子们依次报出自己的名字。Increased production will, in turn, lead to increased profits.增加生产会继而增加利润。理论以实践为基础反过来又为实践服务。Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.By turns adv. 轮流, 交替 He felt cold and hot by turns.15.强调句的一些练习：(1) 以一般疑问句出现Was _ that I saw last night at the concert? A it you B not you C you D that yourself(2) 以特殊疑问句形式出现_ is it _ has made Peter _ he is today?A What; that; that B That; that ; whatC What; what; that D What; that ; what(3) 以名词性从句形式出现 Ive already forgotten _ you put the dictionary.A that it was there B where was it that C that where it was D where it was that(4) 与定语从句相结合It was in the lab _ was taken charge of by Professor Harris _ they did the experiment.A which ; that B that; what C whom; that D which; where(5) 与not .until 句型结合 It was not until it got dark that I left.另外，注意与有it 的定语从句相区别：It was midnight _ he came back. It was at midnight _ he came back.16. observe vt. 观察, 观测, 遵守 （搭配：observe sb do/doing sth）observe the speed limit; 遵守速度限制；observe a childs behavior. 观察一个孩子的行为One must observe the rules. 我们(任何人)必须遵守规则。18. adequate adj. 适当的, 足够的We took adequate food for the holiday. 我们为假期带足食品。The supply is not adequate to the demand. 供不应求。the issue of how to provide adequate child care. 如何提供适当的儿童护理的难题To be healthy one must have an adequate diet. 一个人想要健康,必须有足够的规定饮食。19. it ;that; one 做替代词的用法1）it 代替的是前面提到的同一事物。所代的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。如： he cast his net for the first time, and drew in the body of an animal. 他撒第一网的时候打上来的是一头动物的尸体。Hibernations is more than sleep. It is a very deep sleep. 冬眠不同于睡觉，它是一种更深沉的睡眠2）one 或ones 代替前面提到同名事物中任何一个。 其前面可以有冠词。 还可以被this, that, 或形容词修饰，后面可以有定语。The population problem may be the greatest one of the world today.。-Which jacket is yours? The white one.3) that 代替前面提到的名词中特指的事物，可以指代可数名词或不可数名词。The doctor in our school is younger than that in their school.The weather of this week is worse than that of last week.The quality of iron produced in your factory is better than that in their factory.4) 如果前面提到的名词是复数名词，则用they , them, ones, those 代替。Whats in these cups? -There is some tea in them.He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light one.Those werent the right men, professor.5) it 和that可以代替前面整个句子。而one 不能。-Well try our best to catch them. -Its not necessary, sir.Dr Brown said they had talked about my invention. But that was not possible.6) 间或it 可以先出现， 用来代替后面分句中的某一名词或整个分句的意思， 而 one, that 不能。20. upright adj. 垂直的, 竖式的, 正直的, 诚实的, 合乎正道的an upright man 正直的人 walk upright. 双脚直立行走an upright column. 竖直的柱子。Put the bottle upright, not on its side. 把瓶子放直，不要歪着放。21. While 用法while 表示让步，通常位于句首，意思是“尽管；虽然”。又如：While he loves his students, he is very strict with them. 虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对学生们很严格。While 其他用法归纳如下：1）引导时间状语从句，意思是“当。的时候，和。同时”。从句中谓语通常是延续性动词。如：Mary watched TV while she ate her supper. 玛丽边吃饭边看电视。While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep. 她听着收音机睡着了。2）表示对比或转折，意思是“而，然而”。此时，while 一般位于句中。 如：Some people waste food while others havent enough. 有人浪费粮食，而有人却吃不饱。高考相关： I do every single bit of housework _ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.A since B while C when D as22. one after another, one by oneeg. They have solved problems _ _ since they came.（强调数量之多）eg. After class the students left the classroom silently _.（强调顺序）23. faraway在作定语时通常都连写，作表语或作状语时则分写(far away)。如：a _ forest(远处的森林)， _ times(遥远的时代)；The house is not _. 那座房子并不远。 He lives _ from the school. 他住得离学校很远。far from + adj “远远不; 完全不; 决非”I am far from happy in my present job. It is far from perfect.l nearby既可作定语，又可作状语；既可以连写(nearby)，也可以分写(near by)，还可以加连字符(near-by)。I saw her going to a near-by post-box before lunch. 我看到她午饭前去附近的信箱投信。They live nearby-less