2020届高考英语一轮复习综合训练集 单元的知识点总结新人教版必修5（通用）

2020;2020届高考英语一轮总复习人教版新课标必修五一单元的知识点总结单词讲解：1.characteristic n. 特征，特性搭配：be characeristic of sb. / sth. 是某人或某物的特征a._ _that she never complained. 从来不发牢骚是她的特性。b.All great leaders share _ _ 所有伟大的领导者都具有某些共同的特质。Keys：Its characteristic of her ，certain characteristics.2.put forward 提出，建议，推荐提出 put forward（+表示建议,计划等的名词）= come up with例句：Who put forward a theory about black holes? 是谁提出了黑洞的理论？put forward a suggestionput forward a piece of adviceput forward a plan运用:Are you serious in_你真的要提出这种观点吗？putting forward such a view?put away 抛弃;舍弃 put down 写下来;记入名单;put on穿上;戴上;增加 put off 耽误;延期put out 熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火) put up 建立;建造put up with 忍受 3.conclude vt. & vi. 结束；推断出 Conclude (from sth) that （从某事）得出结论e.g. A formal dinner at the white house will conclude the state visit.What can you conclude from the facts?conclusion n. 结论，结束得出结论：draw/ reach/ come to/ arrive at a conclusion4.analyse vt. 分析,观察并解释，研究 例句: It is not difficult to analyse this question. 运用:a. _, we learn more about English grammar. 通过分析句子成分我们学到了更多的英语语法。 b. _ of the strike. 我们得研究一下罢工的原因。-相关词语： analysis (单）analyses (复）n. 分析 analyst n. 分析家，化验员 analytic adj. 分析的keys:By analysing the parts of the sentence We must try to analyse the cause 5.expert专家；高手；权威。an agricultural expert 农业专家expert 也可以作形容词，“熟练的；老练的；经验（或知识）丰富的”6.attend vt.& vi.出席；参加；照顾；护理；注意；专心；留意【经典例句】 Will you attend the wedding ceremony tomorrow?你要参加明天的结婚典礼吗？记住attend的常见用法attend to sb./sth.处理，料理（see to）attend sb. 照料、护理某人attend sth. 参加（讲座、活动等）attend sb. as给。当。7.expose使暴露于;使接触到 揭露,揭发 expose sth.显露或露出某事物expose sth./sb./oneself (to sth.)显露或暴露人/某事物/自己exposed adj.（指地方）无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的be exposed to暴露于运用：根据汉语意思完成英语句子。 Those who _were exposed_ (expose) to bird flu were separated and treated without delay. Stay at home and dont expose your skin _to_ the sun.8.This was the most deadly disease of its day.die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.)deadly adj. 1.dangerous; likely to cause death 危险的;致命的 a deadly disease/weapon 2. highly effective against sth.or someone 强有力的;致命的a deadly remark 击中要害的评论3. aiming to kill or destroy意在杀死的;不共戴天的: a deadly enemy不共戴天的敌人adv. 1.Very极度;非常;十分: deadly serious 十分认真2. like death死一般地: deadly pale 死一般苍白9.cure vt. & n. 治愈，治疗，治疗法运用：1)._ There is still no cure _for AIDS. 还无治疗艾滋病之法。2). It is possible to cure _the sickness. 治愈这种疾病还是可能的。搭配: cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人某病; 矫正某人的不良行为3)._ The medicine should cure you of your cold. 这药应该能治好你的感冒。4)_Parents try to cure their children of bad habits. 父母想办法纠正孩子们的坏习惯。10.challenge n. 挑战vt. 向挑战面临挑战：face a challengechallenge sb. to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事，激励某人做某事Mr. Wang challenged me to play another tennis game.11.absorb vt. 吸收，吸引，聚精会神，使专心,合并搭配：be absorbed in sth. / doing sth.全神贯注于某事； be absorbed into 被吸入（并入）；1).A sponge _ absorbs water_.海绵吸水。2). These small companies have been gradually absorbed into the big company. 这些小公司渐渐被那大公司吞并了。3).The writer is absorbed in his writing.这位作家在全神贯注地写作。12.suspect vt.认为；怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯e.g. Some people suspected that he cheated in the exam. The policeman suspected Mr. Smith to have killed his wife. I suspect her of lying. The police arrested two suspects. suspect sb. to have done sth.怀疑某人做了某事suspect sb. of doing sth. suspect表示“有存在或属实的想法，相信”，即怀疑其有；doubt表示“无把握，不相信”，即怀疑其无。The policeman suspected Mr. Smith to have killed his wife.I doubt whether/if he will come.13.blame vt. 责备，谴责be to blame (for)应该为受责备The driver is not to blame for the accident.blame sb. for sth./doing sth.因某事责备某人He blamed you for the neglect of duty.blame sth. on sb. 把某事怪在某人头上The boss blamed the mistake on me.It was the boy who _ for the fight with his brother.A.was to blame B. was blamingC. was to be blamed D. blamed14. handle C柄,把手 e.g. the handle of the door/ the cup门杯子的把手 vt. 对待,处理e.g. I didnt know how to handle these people. 我不知道如何对付这些人。 15.link A to B 把A与B连接；联系e.g. Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。翻译：这条铁路把西藏和内地(the inland area)连起来了This railway links Tibet to the inland areasbe linked to 和有联系16. announce vt. 宣布,发布 e.g. The host announced that she would sing another song. 主持人宣布说她将再唱一首歌。 The vote was completed. The chairman announced the result to the audience. 投票完毕。主席宣布了结果。 announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布announcement n. 宣布,发布 announcer n. 播音员17.instruct vt. 指导，指示，命令搭配与拓展： instruct sb. to do sth. 指示某人做某事 instruct sb. in sth. 在某方面指导某人 instruction n. 指导 ；(pl.)说明书 instructor 辅导员，讲师 instructive adj. 说明性的，指示性的，有教育意义的1). The doctor instructed me to stay in bed. 医生吩咐我卧床休息。2). The old workers instruct us not only in words but deeds.那些老工人对我们不仅言传而且身教。3).The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore.自来水公司也接到指令，不能再让人们接触到污染的水18.construct vt. 建造，修建；创立(学说等),构造-相关词语： under construction 正在建设中 construction n. 建造(设); 建筑物;句法结构 constructive adj.建设性的运用： 1). They are constructing a new reservoir. 他们正在建造一座水库。 A new reservoir is under construction.19. contribute vt. 贡献; 捐献; 投稿搭配：contribute (.) to . 把 (.) 捐献/投稿 至 .; make a contribution (to) （对.）做出贡献运用：1).The writer personally contributed 5,000 to the earthquake fund. 那位作家亲自捐赠了5000英镑给地震基金会。2).He offered to contribute to the Red Cross. 他主动向红十字会捐款。3).She had contributed to a newspaper. 她向一家报纸投稿。4).Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health. 多呼吸新鲜空气有益于健康。5).He made a very positive contribution to the overall success of the project. 他对项目的全面成功做出了非常积极的贡献。20.apart from 除. . 之外；此外 eg:1). Apart from sports, my other interest outside class is music. 除了运动外，我课外其他的兴趣是音乐。2)._ Apart from some spelling mistakes_, the composition is fairly good.除了有些拼写错误外，这篇作文还很不错。注意：1. apart from兼有_“除外”_和_“包_的双重意义； 2. 以下单词或短语意义相近：except；except for _(排除或例外) besides；in addition(to)；as well (as)_包括在内21.make sense 有道理，讲得通，有意义，合乎情理搭配： make sense of 理解，明白； in a / some sense 在某一方面，就某种意义来说common sense常识(理);in no sense 决不是，决非1).The sentence doesnt seem to make sense. 这个句子好像一点也讲不通。 2).It would make sense to leave early. 早点离开是明智的。22. valuable (1) adj. worth a lot of money值钱的;贵重的;有价值的a valuable diamond 贵重的宝石 valuable information 重大的消息(2) n. (常用复数形式) sth. that worth lots of money贵重物品 Mary kept her valuables in a safe. 玛丽把她的贵重的东西藏在保险箱里.23.discover & inventdiscover v. “ 发现“,被探索或被揭示物老早就客观存在着.Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲.Who discovered radium? 谁发现了镭?invent v. “发明”,指的是发明原先不存在的东西.Who invented the steam engine? 谁发明了蒸汽机?24.be strict with sb. (in sth.)对某人(在某方面)严格We should be strict with ourselves.My parents are strict with me in my study.25.spin-spun-spun-spinning vi.& vt. (使)旋转The ball is spinning.to spin a coin纺(线或纱)She sat by the window spinning.to spin wool纺毛线(蜘蛛、蚕)结(网), 做(茧)A spider is spinning a web.二：Expressions & phrases (1)1.know about 了解的情况2.lift up举起;抬起;提升3.steam engine 蒸汽机4.physical characteristic 人体的特征5.put forward a theory about black holes提出一个有关黑洞的理论6. infectious disease 传染性的疾病7. in scientific research 在科学研究上8. examine a new scientific idea 验证一个新的科学思想9. draw a conclusion 得出结论10. analyse the results 分析结果11. a well-known doctor 一个著名的医生12. ordinary people 百姓;普通人13. expose ()to sth. 暴露(.)在中 14. the most deadly disease 最致命的疾病15. terrified people 被吓坏的人们16. get interested in sth./doing sth. 对产生兴趣17. absorb sth. into 把.吸收入.18. gather the information 收集信息19. determine to do sth. 决心干某事20. a valuable clue 一条珍贵的线索21. the water pump 水泵22. in addition (to) 除.之外还有 23. link to 将.和.联系起来 (be linked to)24. have it delivered (have sth. done) 叫某人送东西25. die of 死于26. announce with certainty 肯定地宣布27. polluted water 被污染的水28. prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事29. deal with 处理30. solve the problem 解决难题Expressions & Phrases (2)come to an end 到了尽头find the cause of this illness 找出疾病的起因look into 调查apart from 除.之外;此外 (=except for)prepare for 预备好.be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求a revolutionary theory 一个革命性的理论lead to 通向. ;导致 (注意:to为介词)make sense 有意义10. at times =sometimes 有时候11. contribute to sth. 有助于;促进12. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事13. point of view 观点14. living conditions 居住条件15. break in/into pieces 把摔成碎块16. be devoted to sth./sb. 专致于.; 关心;挚爱17. devote ones life to doing sth. 献身于. 18. curved line 曲线19. achieve great success 取得巨大的成功Language Points1.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?是谁发明了把电带给大城市中的每个人的办法?the way of doing sth.= the way to do “做.的方法”She showed us the way of cleaning it.= She showed us the way to clean it.她给我们示范清洗它的办法.the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三种, 可以用that;可以用in which;还可以省略.I dont like the way (that/ in which) you speak to your father.我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式. 与way相关的短语:by the way 顺便说 by way of 通过的方法lose ones way 迷路 no way (俚语) 没门,别想feel ones way 摸黑走,谨慎从事on ones way to在去的路上in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.在句中是过去分词作后置定语,表示被动.意为“患霍乱的”.如:The book written by Luxun is very popular.3.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时就有大批惊慌的老百姓病死.every time是连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“每次,每当”,如:Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.每次见到他,我就想起发生在我们之间的事情.immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等都可以作连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“一就”,如:I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我一见到他就把这封信给他.I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就来了.every time意为：“ 每当 ”，引导一个时间状语从句，相当于whenever.（1）名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的有：every time,each time,any time,the last time,next time,the first time,the moment,the second,the minute,the hour,the day等。（2）有些副词，如directly,instantly, immediately也可引导状语从句。即学即用(1)我每次感冒背就痛。(2)我第一次爬到墙上去时，感到很紧张。(3)她一看到蛇就叫了起来。(4)钟刚敲了五下我就离开了。Every time I catch a cold,I have pains in my back. The first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt very nervous.She let out a cry the moment she saw the snake.I left immediately the clock struck 5.4.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无故地繁殖着.suggest的用法及使用错点错点一误用不定式作宾语要表示汉语的“建议做某事”，英语通常用 suggest doing sth，而不能用 suggest to do sth他建议坐飞机去。 正：He suggested going by plane. 误：He suggested to go by plane.汤姆建议把房子卖了。 正：Tom suggested selling the house. 正：Tom suggested to sell the house. 错点二误接不定式的复合结构作宾语汉语通常说“建议某人做某事”，但英语习惯上不能说 suggest sb to do sth，而说suggest sbs sbdoing sth. 他建议我们早点动身。 正：He suggested that we leave earlier. 误：He suggested us to leave earlier. 当然，我们也可以用后接 that 从句的形式来表达此意思(注意谓语用 “should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式)。如： I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。 He suggests that we should all go to see the film. 他建议我们都去看电影。 比较以下同义表达： 他建议他们在没有听到事实真相之前什么都别说。 正：He suggested saying nothing about it till they heard the facts. 正：He suggested that they shouldnt say anything till they heard the facts. 5.in addition adv. as well as 另外In addition, the course also produces practical experience. 此外,这门功课还提供了实践的基础.A number of people came to the zoo in addition to Per and Paul. 彼得和保尔以外,还有许多别的人来到动物园.错点三混用其后宾语从句的语气suggest 后接宾语从句时，从谓语既可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，其区别与 suggest所表示的意思有关： 1. 若suggest 表示“建议”，则其后接的 that 从句谓语通常用“(should)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式. I suggested that she should go home. 我建议她回家去。 2. 若suggest 表示“暗示”“意指”“表明”等义，则其后接的 that 从句要用陈述语气。如： What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。 错点四其后误接双宾语要表示向某人提出某情况，suggest后不能接双宾语，即不能用suggest sb sth，而通常用 suggest sth to sb。如： 我向她提出一个解决问题的办法。 正：I suggested a way out to her. 误：I suggested her a way out. 若其中的直接宾语比较复杂(比如是that 从句)时，可考虑改用 suggest to sb sth。如： 我向他建议我们应该用另一种方式处理这个问题。 正：I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way. 误：I suggested him that we should tackle the problem another way. 过去分词做表语、定语一、动词-ing形式作表语1 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the classroom as clean as possible. (= Keeping the classroom as clean as possible is her job)2 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The story is quite interesting. This book is very boring.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, boring, confusing, disappointing, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。二、 动词-ing形式作定语1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。a reading room= a room for reading 在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。an ordinary-looking house 看起来很普通的房子= a house that looks ordinarya sleeping boy 正在睡觉的男孩= a boy who is sleeping2. 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。Do you know the boy playing basketball?（=who is playing basketball)你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？The past participle as attribute & predicativeterrified/astonished peoplereserved seatspolluted watera crowded rooma broken vasea closed doorthe tired audience1. 过去分词知多少惊恐的人们预留的座位被污染的水拥挤的教室打碎的花瓶关了的门疲惫的观众The painter looked so_ (tire) after working for a whole day.I was_ (disappoint) with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better.Everybody is really _(excite) about the new Olympic stadiums.His wound became_ (infect) with a new virus.过去分词作定语English is a widely used language.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。一、过去分词作定语1、及物动词的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义。 eg： a used stamp an injured finger注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。 e.g.：spoken English 英语口语 written exercises 书面练习 少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳a returned student 一名留学生 a retired teacher 一名退休教师an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯 2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义。 e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular鲁迅写的书很受欢迎Well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。Practice: Change the following Past Participle into clauses.1） The question discussed was very important.= The question _which had been discussed_ was very important. 注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。2)The United States is a developed country. = The United Stated is a country which has developed注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing过去分词做定语：表被动，表完成。现在分词作定语：表主动，表进行。不定式作定语：表示将要发生的动作。正在飘的落叶已经落在地上的落叶令人失望的消息感到失望的人们激动人心的故事（感到）激动的人们累了的人/我感到累了（使人觉得）无聊的电影Falling leavesFallen leavesDisappointing newsDisappointed peopleExciting storyExcited peopleTired people/ Im tiredTiring film二、过去分词作表语1、过去分词作表语，表示