高中英语Unit 16 Scientists at work 旧人教第一册下

Unit 16 Scientists at work本单元学习目标（一） 单词和词组experiment advantage disadvantage application unnecessary comfort successful conduct a number of lightning charge shock electric a great deal of prove tear handkerchief control sharp fasten pick out sense wooden test test on activist doubt cruel view conclusion（二） 日常交际用语You should.Its good / bad / important / dangerous for sb.Having realized., I decided toTo do the experiment, you need.Take care that the string doesnt touch the wall or the door.（三） 语法构词法（四） 语言运用运用所学语言，通过对课文的学习，完成教课书和练习册中所规定的听、说、写的任务；阅读课文Franklins Famous Kite Experiment，确切理解并完成课文有关内容的练习，掌握基本构词法，学会写辩论文。Period 1一、 聚焦重点、难点（一） 重点A词汇用法experiment gas advantage disadvantage application engine nuclear economy unnecessary comfortB句型结构Its bad forIts a waste of money.（二） 难点as be to do二、 剖析重点词汇、词组及句型1.practiseVt. / Vi.练习practise doing sth.Hes practicing (playing) the piano.他在练习钢琴。Theyre practicing singing the new song.他们在练习唱这首新歌。You must practise speaking English more.你必须多练习说英语。实行 Vt.He often tells people that they should get up early and he practices it himself.他经常要别人早起床，他自己就这样做的。Practice n.在美国英语中既可作名词也可作动词，作动词同practise.下面归纳名词的用法：（1） 练习；实行，实践；实习，经验（UN）We must put our plans into practice.我们必须把计划付诸实施。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。You need more practice before you can play for our team.你要好好练习才能为我们队打球。Have you had any practice in nursing the sick?你以前护理过病人吗？(2)惯例，常规，准则；习惯，做法（CN）according to the international practice根据国际惯例the practice of going to bed late晚睡的习惯Its a dangerous practice to get off the bus before it stops.车未停下就下车是很危险的做法。2.instruction教育，训练（UN）Over 300 pupils are under instruction.三百多学生在接受训练。指导，嘱咐，命令（复数）give instructions作出指示，发出命令receive instructions收到命令carry out instructions执行命令 follow ones instructions按某人的命令行事He has carried out my instructions.他已经实施了我的命令。They have received instructions to watch him.他们接到了监视他的命令。She gave instructions to arrive early.她发出早点到达的命令。You should follow the doctors instructions.你应该遵照医生的嘱咐。说明，通知（复数）Read the instructions on the bottle.读一下瓶子上的说明。He has received no instructions about the conference.他没接到关于开会的通知。Instructions for using the electric pan使用电饭锅的说明3.example例子/句That was one example of his kindness.那是他善良的一个例子。Put down these examples.记下这些例句。give an example of给一个的例子take for example以为例Take my sister for example. She is an excellent singer.以我的姐姐为例。她就是一个出色的歌手。for example例如Many great men have risen from poverty-Lincoln and Edison, for example.很多伟人出生时很贫穷，比如说，林肯和爱迪生。set sb. an example / set an example to sb.为某人树立一个榜样Tom worked hard and set an example to his classmates.汤姆学习很努力，为全班同学树立了一个榜样。They set an example of plain living.他们树立了一个俭朴生活的榜样。榜样，典范Ill take Daddy as my example.我要以爸爸作为我的榜样。follow / copy ones example学某人的样，照某人的样子Her politeness is a good example for others to follow.她很礼貌，是大家学习的榜样。Ill show you how to hit the ball and youll copy my example.我给你示范怎么击球，等会儿你照着我的样子。make an example of处罚/惩办以儆戒别人The teacher made an example of the boy who copied from another student during the exam.老师对那个考试中抄袭的同学惩罚以儆戒其他人。4.safety安全（UN）He was anxious about the safety of the children.他为孩子们的安全担心。He placed all his valuables in the bank for safety while he was away.为安全起见他不在家时把所有贵重物品寄放到银行里。in safety=safely安全地They crossed the road in safety.他们安全地穿过马路。Finally they took off in safety.最后他们安全地起飞了。可构成合成词：safetybelt 安全带safetylock保险锁safely adv.平安地，安全地，毫无危险地She arrived safely last week.上星期她安全地到达了。adj. safe安全的，可靠的，保险的，不会出问题的，无危险的Is it safe to cross the river in this old boat?坐这条旧船过河安全吗？Are these toys safe for small children?这些玩具对孩子们安全吗？They all wished him a safe journey.他们都祝他一路安全。Put them in a safe place.把他们放在保险点的地方。I know youre a good safe fellow.我知道你是很可靠的。Thats a safe choice.那个选择比较保险。safe and sound平安无事He arrived home safe and sound.他平安无事地回家了。These soldiers have arrived home from the war safe and sound.这些士兵平安无事地到家了。n.保险柜（复数safes）Put your valuables in the safe.把贵重物品放到保险柜里。5.dangerous adj.危险的（是指句子的主语对别人有危害）in danger是介词短语，意思为“处于危险状态”“在危险中”He told me that the girl was in danger ,so we want to help her.他告诉我那女孩处于危险中，因此我们决定去帮帮她。The man was dangerous, so we must be careful with him.这人是很危险的，因此我们要小心。danger一般作UN，表“危险的人或事”时作CNThat man is a danger to society.这个人对社会来说是个危险。Narrow, winding streets are a danger to drivers.窄而弯曲的街道对司机是个危险。Its a danger to world piece.这对世界和平是个危险。in danger of处于.的危险/有的危险He realized that he was in danger in this city.他意识到呆在这个城市里他有危险。Youre in danger of being killed.你有被杀的危险。out of danger (of)脱离.的危险He is now out of danger of losing his life.他脱离了生命危险。6.experiment实验（CN）make / do / perform / carry out an experiment做实验We made experiments on animals in the biology lab yesterday.昨天我们在生物实验室里在动物身上做实验。Im interested in physical experiments while Li Lei in interested in chemical experiments.我喜欢物理实验而李雷喜欢化学实验。7.flame火焰，火苗The dry wood burst into flames.干燥的木头突然烧起来了。He was reading his watch by the flame of a match.他就着火柴光看手表上几点了。in flames燃烧着，烈焰飞腾The house was in flames.这房子烧起来了。The whole city was in flames.整个城市燃烧起来。Vi.成火红色，变得绯红The autumn woods flamed with color.秋天的树林变成绯红。The evening color flamed with red and orange.傍晚天空变成红色秸色。火烧得旺起来The fire flamed up.火烧得旺起来了。勃然大怒，（怒气）突然爆发Her anger suddenly flamed .她突然大怒了。He could not stop his flaming anger.他控制不了他的爆怒。8.gas气体（CN）Why do gases expand when heated?为什么加热后气体会膨胀？There are several kinds of gases in the air.空气中有几种气体。Air is a mixture of gases.空气是几种气体的混合体。煤气（UN）turn off the gas把煤气关了毒气Gas was not used in the World War II.二次大战中未用毒气。（美）汽油（UN）gas station加油站9.be to do表事先商定、安排或准备要做某事The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow morning.学生于明天早上在学校大门口集合。Mike and I are to go skating after school this afternoon.今天下午放学后我和迈克打算去溜冰。Theyre to go traveling in August.他们八月份要去旅行。表命令或指示、责任、义务、禁止，通常用于第三人称“Shes to be back before 11 oclock.” said the manager.经理说，“她得11点前回来。”The room is to be locked.这房间必须锁上。People are not to (must not) smoke in the office.办公室里不许抽烟。Teachers are to ( should / ought to) be respected by the whole society.老师应受到全社会尊敬。用于第二人称时，含有转达别人指示的意思Heres a message for you from your headteacher: you are to go to her office after class.这儿是你班主任的口信：要你去她的办公室。Mother says youre to wait here till she comes.妈妈说了要你等到她回来。10.What should students do before leaving the lab?学生们离开实验室前该做什么？这里before作介词，后接代词宾格、名词或doing,也可作连词，后接完整的句子，after用法也一样。You mustnt go out before finishing your homework / before you finish your homework.做好作业你才能出去。She did some reading before going to bed / before she went to bed.她睡觉前看一会儿书。Finish the letter before seeing me / before you see me.把信写完了再来见我。Please call me after returning from Beijing / after you return from Beijing.北京回来后给我打电话。注意：before / after作连词引导时间状语从句，从句中用一般现在时代替将来时。连词before有时可译为“就”“才”。I hadnt waited long before he came.我没等多久他就来了。They had talked only a few minutes before they found they were quite different in opinions.他们才谈了几分钟就发现他们的观点很不同。It wasnt long before he left.不久他就走了。It wont be long before he returns.不久他就要回来了。11.advantage好处，优越之处（CN）There are several advantages in making computers as small as one can.把电脑制造得尽可能小有几个好处。He thinks of nothing but his own advantages.他只考虑自己的好处。He had the advantage of a fine education.他有受过良好教育的优势。Age and experience gave him the advantage.年龄和经验给了他优势。Phrases:have ( give) sb. an advantage over.（使某人）比某人有优势You have an advantage over me.你比我有一个优势。The great advantage he has over others is that he once studied abroad for two years.他比别人有的一个优势就是他在国外学习过两年。take advantage of利用某人的处境、弱点等；利用机会I cant take advantage of your kindness.我不能利用你的善良。He often took advantage of her lack of business knowledge.他经常利用她不懂生意的弱点。I took advantage of the moment to leave the room.我利用这个机会离开了房间。I took advantage of the fine weather to play badminton.我利用好天气打羽毛球。(sth.) to ones advantage某事多某人有利More practice will be to your advantage.多多练习会对你有好处的。Voice training will be to your advantage if you plan to go to the theater.假如你要上戏剧学校的话练嗓音对你有好处。12.disadvantage不利之处（CN）His bad health is a great disadvantage to him.他糟糕的身体对他来说是个不利之处。To have only one leg is a disadvantage.只有一条腿是个不利之处。Its a disadvantage not to be able to drive a car.不会开车是个不利之处。(sb.) at a disadvantage处于不利地位I feel rather at a disadvantage talking to her because she is so clever.跟她讲话我觉得处于不利位置，因为她那么聪明。put / keep sb. at a disadvantage使处于/继续处于不利的地位His inability to speak English puts him at a disadvantage when he attends international conference.他不会说英语使他参加国际会议时处于不利地位。(sth.) to ones disadvantage某事对某人不利It was to our disadvantage to stay.呆在这儿对我们不利。Her height will be to her disadvantage if she wants to be a dancer.要想当个舞蹈家的话她的身高对她不利。adj. disadvantageous不利的The situation is disadvantageous to us.形势对我们不利。13. discovery n.发现 make a discovery作出发现He has made an important scientific discovery.他作出了一个重要的科学发现。Vt. discover发现，发觉(1) discover sth.When did Columbus discover America?哥伦比亚何时发现美洲的？(2) discover + 从句He discovered that she was excited.他发现她很激动。It was never discovered how he died.最终都没发现他是怎么死的。(3) discover sb. doingHe discovered her sitting in the corner of the room.他发现她坐在房间的角落里。(4) discover sb. ( to be ).We discovered him ( to be ) a good cook.我们发现他是个出色的厨师。He was discovered ( to be ) a thief.他被发现是个小偷。(5) discover +疑问词+to doI discovered how to run the machine.我发现了怎么样操纵这机器。discover / invent / find区别：discover与find可互换，但在表示新发现的特别是科学上的发现时，常用discover.discover与inventdiscover指发现久已存在，但从未被人知晓的客观事实，译为“发现”；invent指创造客观世界上从未有过的新事物，译为“发明”；Edison invented a lot of things in his life.爱迪生一生发明了很多东西。When was the computer invented?电脑是何时发明的？14.science科学（U/C） natural science 自然科学/ social science社会科学总称（UN） He hasnt much knowledge of science.他不太懂科学知识。I love science, physics, especially.我喜欢理科科目，尤其是物理。一门科学/学科（CN）Chemistry is a science.化学是一门科学。Biology , chemistry and physics are natural sciences.生物、化学和物理属于自然科学。Which science are you studying?你学哪门学科？adj. scientific科学的 scientific experiment / research科学实验/研究n. scientist科学家15.application(1) 申请（UN），申请书/口头申请（CN）(2) make an application to sb. for sth.向某人申请某物Applications must be made this afternoon.今天下午要作出申请。The manager received ten applications for the job.这经理收到了十份要得到这份工作的申请表。Fill out the application.填一下这张申请表。Dont forget to hand in your application form别忘了交申请表。.(3) 使用，应用，适用（UN）That rule has no application to this particular case.这规则不适用这特殊情形。They believed in he application of force whenever and wherever necessary.他们相信无论盒式何地只要有必要就用暴力。The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods makes jobs easier to do.科学发现用在工业生产上使得工作更容易。Vt. applyapply to sb. for sth.向某人申请某物Ive applied for a passport.我已经申请了护照。He has applied to the company for the position.他已经向公司申请了这个职位。apply A to B.把A应用到B上He applies his Markist knowledge to the events around him.他把马克思主义的知识用到他周围的一切事情上。apply to适用The rules of safe driving applies to everyone.每个人都要安全驾驶。This rule doesnt apply here.这规则不适用这儿。adj.applied实用的，应用的applied mathematics / chemistry / art应用数学/化学/艺术16.a waste of money / time浪费钱/时间Its a waste of money to buy / buying this kind of car.买这种车浪费钱。Its a waste of time to talk / talking to him.跟他说话浪费时间。Theres too much waste in this house.这家太浪费了。Its a waste of breath to argue with him.跟他争论浪费口舌。废物，废弃的东西(UN)Put all the waste in the bag.把所有的废物放在这袋里。Where do you throw the waste from the factory?工厂排出的废物你们扔在哪儿？adj.废弃的，荒芜的（=useless）I threw it into my waste paper basket.我把它仍在废纸篓里了。It was a waste place.这是个荒芜的地方。waste paper废纸Vt.(1)浪费 waste time (money)on sth. / in doing sth.浪费时间/钱做某事Dont waste time arguing with him.别浪费时间跟他争论了。He wasted a lot of time in playing computer games.他浪费了很多时间碗电脑游戏。All his efforts were wasted.他所有的努力都白费了了。(2)使土地荒芜/使身体虚弱The long disease wasted the old mans strength.这么长时间的生病把他的体力耗掉了。17.much too与too muchmuch too用来修饰形容词、副词，much用来加强语气，相当于very.too much可单独使用，也可修饰一个不可数名词，意思为“太多”，如修饰可数名词，则用too many.Youve given me too much.你给我太多了。Thats too much.那太多了。/ 那够呛！The trip might be too much for your grandpa.那旅行对你爷爷来说够呛的了。Im afraid Ive brought you too much trouble.恐怕我给了你太多的麻烦。The coat is much too large for me.那件外套对我来说太大了。Its much too hot today.今天很热。18.travel / journey / trip / voyage / tour(1)travel可作动词或名词，作名词一般指在国外或远方旅行，不着重于某一目的地，有到各处“游历”的意思。用作不可数名词是泛指；指具体一次旅行多作可数名词并用复数。.He has come home from his travels.他旅行回来了。He is fond of travel.他喜爱旅行。作动词指“旅行、游历”（常指长途旅行），还可解释为“出门”“走某条路”，也可指“（光线物体等）移动、运行、传开”。He has traveled a great deal.他常旅行。Ive traveled all over Europe.我已经走遍了欧洲。Youre hardly fit to travel alone.你现在不适合一人出门。We traveled a hundred miles today.我们今天已走了一百英里了。Light travels faster than sound.光比声音快。Bad news travels fast.坏消息传得快。The pain traveled down his arm.疼痛感沿手臂而下。(2)journey多指陆路的长途旅行，指单程远距离旅行，也指“旅途”。Well make a journey to the Northwest of China.我们将去中国西部旅行。He broke his journey at Beijing yesterday.他昨天在北京中途下车。祝愿语中常用journey: Wish you a pleasant journey / trip!(4) trip比较通俗，可指陆路、水路旅行，且往往是“包括回程”的短暂旅行。He wanted to make a trip to the Great Wall.他想去长城旅行。He wanted a trip to the seaside.他想海边旅行。(5) voyage“航行”“航海”，指水路或航空旅行。(6) tour“游历”“观光”“巡回”可作动词或名词。The play will tour the countryside in the autumn.这个剧将在秋天到农村巡回演出。They have toured in France.他们游历了法国。He is on tour in Africa.他在非洲游历。19.mean(1) 表示的意思（接名词、代词或从句）A dictionary tells us what words mean.字典告诉我们单词的意思。What I mean is that you should pay more attention to your pronunciation.我的意思是你要更注意你的发音。I always mean what I say.我总是说话算数的。(2) 意味着（后接名词、代词、动名词或从句）Life to him means struggle.对他来说生活意味着斗争。Missing the train means waiting for another hour.没赶上火车意味着再等一个小时。(3) 打算，企图，欲（接名词、代词或不定式）Forgive me ,please. I didnt mean it.原谅我吧！我不是存心的。What he said meant no harm to you.他的话没有伤害你的意思。Sorry, I didnt mean to harm you. I meant to help you.对不起，我没想伤害你。我只想帮你。I had meant to see him tomorrow, but I changed my mind 我本来打算明天去看他，但现在我改变主意了。用于被动语态中：sth. be meant for . / to do某物被打算给某人用或做某事This present is meant for you.这礼物是打算给你的。This room is meant for our reading room.这房间打算用作阅览室。Who is it meant for?这个打算给谁的？句型：What do you mean by?你是什么意思？What do you mean by saying that?你这么说什么意思？What do you mean by not writing to me?你不给我写信什么意思？被动结构：What is meant by.?20.Its fast and clean and it doesnt make any noise as planes do.这很快很干净，不像飞机那样发出很大的噪音。as作“像”，为连词，后接从句：Jone is a fine dancer as her sister is.琼是个出色的舞蹈家，就像她的姐姐一样。When at Rome, do as the Romans do.Do it as I do.照我做的去做。Do it as I tell you to.照我告诉你的去做。21.make use of利用make good / full / better / the best use of.好好/充分/更好/最好地利用.You should make full use of your time to do more reading.你要充分利用时间多读点书。Every minute should be made full use of to study hard.应该利用每一分钟时间来好好学习。What use do they make of the wood?他们这木头派什么用/What use is made of the paper?这纸派什么用？Can you tell me the use theyll make of the waste paper?你能告诉我他们这废纸派什么用？22.technology技术（总称）Advanced technology should be brought in to make life much easier.先进的技术是用来使生活更加容易的。scientific technology科学技术technological技术上的23.comfort(1)n.安慰，舒适（UN）Your words gave me a lot of comfort.你得话给我很多安慰。The news that her husband was getting well brought great comfort to her.她丈夫渐渐恢复的消息给她带来很多安慰。From whom shall I get comfort?我从谁哪儿得到安慰？There she lives in comfort.她在那儿舒适地生活。in comfort=comfortably舒适地令人安慰的人或事（CN）Its a comfort to be with you.跟你在一起是个安慰。Your letters have been a great comfort to me.你的信对我来说是个安慰。She is a great comfort to the old couple.她对这老夫妇来说是个莫大的安慰。(2)Vt.安慰 comfort sb.They tried to comfort her, but they didnt know what to say.他们想安慰她，但不知道说什么好。The thought comforted her.这个想法给她安慰。(3)adj. comfortable adv. comfortably 反义词：uncomfortable uncomfortablyThe room was warm and comfortable.这房间既暖和有舒适。24.unnecessary不必要的un-为否定前缀. necessary主语为sth.或用it作形式主语：Oxygen is necessary for life.氧气对生命是必需的。Sleep is necessary to health.睡眠对健康来说是必需的。Its necessary for you to write to him.你有必要给他写封信。Its necessary that I should return it tomorrow.我有必要明天把它还了。Suggested answers:三、 教与学师生互动Step 1.Lead-inI.Ask some questions for students to discuss in groups.1. What are the names of the school subjects in which you study science?2. Give an example of what you learn about for each field of science?3. What does science bring to man?4. Do you some famous scientists? Say sth. about them and about their work.II.Ask some pairs to report to the whole class.Step 2.Talk about these pictures on P22.Step 3.ListeningI.Listen to the tape and answer the questions:II.Explain s the usage of some words and phrases: safety, experiment, gas, flame, be to do, beforeStep 4.SpeakingI.Read aloud the dialogue in pairs and ask students to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of high-speed maglev train.II.Choose some pairs to report to the whole class.III.Choose one of the scientific discoveries in the box on P23 and ask students to talk about their advantages and disadvantages.IV.Divide the students into two groups and organize students a debateV.Go through some language pointsStep5.ConsolidationTranslate the following phrases:1充分利用业余时间2意味着做3钱的浪费 4作出重要的科学发现 5对某人有利 6申请那份工作 7对健康不好 8 做物理实验 9安全地 10 以为例四、 课堂跟踪反馈I.Fill in the correct words according to the given Chinese:1.Can you give an _( 例子) of the usage of the word?2.That he can drive a car is an _(优势 ) over me.3.Advanced science and _( 技术) means easy life.4.That he won the first place is a great _(安慰 ) to his parents.5. His_(申请 ) for the position has been accepted.6. Its_( 不必) for you to write to him, for he will come next week.7. Please follow these _(安全 ) rules when you are swimming.8. Please follow the d