高二英语Module 2Fantasy Literature外研社知识精讲

高二英语 Module 2 Fantasy Literature 外研社 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： Module 2 Fantasy Literature 二. 教学目标： 本模块主题是幻想小说，阅读课文节选自著名幻想小说 His Dark Materials。要求学生掌握相关词汇，培养叙述故事梗概等技能，并能提高对中外 幻想文学，电影的鉴赏力。 教学过程 1. 单词、短语： series subtle amber spyglass heroine hero philosophical vanish bush definitely hesitate scent doubt rub knuckle bite pad stupefied exhaustion tabby hold out come up to longing scald turn away patrol hornbeam paw pat invisible arch tail stiffly alertly patch hedge alarm sniff whisker twitch wariness blink sweep over keep ones eyes on fix on cast about roughly profoundly alien entice stoop swim thump scramble fabric boulevard utterly be laden with prospect slope parkland grove gleam bare shudder dawning light-headedness look around for revenge wicked cottage put a spell on appeal cafeteria bond output schoolchildren typewriter stateswoman gifted roots flesh be associated with format anecdote draft swift stubborn adjustment automatic target criticism appeal to curriculum be restricted to distribute accumulate deposit attain status wardrobe inquisitive look back over ones shoulder catch a glimpse of crunch pitter-patter glossy trail muffler curly gracious exclaim elf dwarf possess 2. 重点词语： series vanish definitely hesitate scent doubt bite exhaustion hold out come up to longing scald turn away invisible sweep over keep ones eyes on fix on cast about be laden with prospect bare shudder dawning light-headedness look around for revenge put a spell on appeal to output gifted be associated with format swift stubborn target appeal to be restricted to distribute attain status look back over ones shoulder catch a glimpse of exclaim possess 词语要点归纳： 1. adventure （1）n.冒险，冒险的经历 作“惊险的事，令人兴奋的经历”解，可作可数名词；作“冒险”解是不可数 名词。 John said that he liked reading adventure stories. 约翰说他喜欢看冒险故事。 All the children listened to his adventures with eager attention. 孩子们聚精会神地听他讲他的冒险经历。 （2）vi. &vt. 冒险 Those explorers gallantly adventured on unknown seas. 那些探险家们大胆地在陌生的海域探险。 No one would adventure it. 没有人敢冒险做这种事。 做一做练一练 To explore the South Pole is such _. A. great adventure B. great adventures C. a great adventure D. great a adventure 2. take place 发生，产生；举行，进行 该短语为动名结构短语，不及物。没有被动语态。在 place 前没有冠词。通常 以事物作主语，既可表示大的运动的发生，也可以表示会议的举行。一般来说，这 些事件都是经过事先安排的。 Great changes in our country have taken place since 1978. 自 1978 年以来，我国发生了巨大的变化。 The meeting will take place according to schedule. 会议将如期举行。 Where did the accident take place？ 这起事故发生在哪里？ 注意： take the place of 代替 take ones place 就位，代替某人的职务 拓展 break out 为不及物动词短语，一般以事物作主语，表示重大事件的爆发. 如战争、革命等；happen 通常指一些意外无准备事件的发生，也不用被动语态。 The Second World War broke out in September in 1939. 第二次世界大战于 1939 年 9 月爆发。 The accident happened last night. 这起事故是昨晚发生的。 做一做练一练 The contest will _ tomorrow. A. be taken place B. take place C. happen D. be happened 3. play a partrole（in） （在中）扮演一个角色， （在中）起作用 该短语为动宾结构短语，in 后接名词或动名词。使用时，经常在 part 或 role 的前面用 some，no， （not） any，small，large，considerable，important，significant 等形容词修饰，而 且还常用它们的被动语态。 Diet plays the leading role in the treatment. 饮食在治疗中起主要的作用。 He played an important part in the TV show. 他在那部电视剧中扮演一个很重要的角色。 注意：act a partrole in，play the partrole of 扮演角色 做一做，练一练 E-mail, as well as telephones _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 4. direction （1）指导，导演 作不可数名词。 The operation was performed under his direction. 手术在他的指导下进行。 （2）方向 作可数名词用。 There was another car coming in the other direction. 又一辆车从另一方向驶来。 He went in the opposite direction. 他向相反方向去了。 （3）用法说明 常用复数形式。 Follow the directions on the medicine bottle. 按照药瓶上的说明服用。 相关搭配： in the oppositesame direction 朝相反相同方向； in the direction 朝方向；in all directions 朝四面八方； follow ones directions 遵照某人的指示； under the direction of在的指导下 做一做，练一练 There are usually at least two _ of looking at every question. A. means B. directions C. views D. ways 5. pat （用掌或扁平之物）轻拍（某人某物） 。 如：Her old grandma patted the little girls hand. 她奶奶轻轻拍那个小女孩的手。 She deserves a pat on the back for all the hard work shes done. 一 We（People）should pat her on the back for all the hard work shes done. 她的辛勤努力值得赞扬。 注意： pat sb.+on+the head“轻拍某人的头” 。英语中常用“hit sb.+onin the+ 身体部位”表示“打某人的头肩背脸眼等” 。其中的定冠词通常不用不定 冠词 aan 或形容词性物主代词代替。若打在结实的部位（如 head，shoulder，back 等）前面常用介词 on；若打在柔软多肉的部位（如 leg，eye，face 等）前面用 in. 类似的动词有 pat，hit，touch，beat，strike 等。另外还有 “pulltakehold+sb.+by+ the+身体部位”的结构。 如：A stone hit me in the faceeye. 一块石子打到了我的脸眼。 The little girl held her mother by the arm. =The little girl held her mothers arm. 那个小女孩抓住她妈妈的胳膊。 The man touched me on the back. 那个男人碰了碰我的背。 6. At this time of night there was very little traffic，and the road where he stood was quiet，with comfortable houses, and trees along both sides of the road. 晚上的这个时候几乎没什么车辆了，他站在的那条路上非常静，并且路的两旁有使 人住起来舒适的房屋与树。 本句中 with comfortable houses，and trees along both sides of the road 为 with 复合结构的一种，其结构为“with+宾语 +介词短语” 。 （1）基本构成 with+名词+介词短语。 如： The soldiers marched forward，with guns on their shoulders. 士兵们肩上扛着枪，向前行进。 with+名词+动词不定式。 如：With nothing to do，I had to go to sleep. 因为没事可做，我只得睡觉。 with+名词+过去分词。 如：With everything bought，he went home. 一切都买好了，他回家了。 with+名词+现在分词。 如：Sometimes many people spoke at the same time，with nobody stopping them. 有时许多人同时发言，没有人阻止他们。 with+名词+副词。 如： They went out of the room，with the light out. 灯熄了，他们走出房间。 with+名词+形容词。 如：He used to sleep with the window open. 他过去常常开着窗户睡觉。 （2）with 复合结构的用法：此结构多用来表示行为方式或伴随的情况，有时 也可用来表示时间、原因和条件等，并且还可作定语。 用作方式或伴随状语（常位于句末） 。 如：The guard was standing at the gate，with a gun in his hand. 警卫站在门口，手里拿着一支枪。 用作时间状语（位于句首或句末） 。 如：With his homework finished，he went to see a film. 做完作业后，他去看电影了。 用作原因状语（位于句首或句末） 。 如：We could hardly see anything with the lights out. 由于灯灭了，我们几乎什么也看不到了。 用作条件状语（常位于句首） 。 如：With time permitting，well visit the Great Wall. 时间允许的话，我们将游览长城。 做一做练一练 With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. setting B. to settle C. being settled D. settled 7. Will was so tired that he could not think clearly，but as he stood trying to decide what to do，he saw a cat. Will 累得脑子都不清楚了，但就在他站在那里想着该做什么时，他看到了一 只猫。 so +adj. 1ady. +that so that引导目的状语从句或结果状语从句。 如：We started so early that we caught the first bus. 我们出发得如此早，结果赶上了早班车。 We started early so that we caught the first bus. 我们出发得那么早，目的在于我们能赶上头班车。 注意： so that 引导目的状语从句时，从句中的谓语动词前常带有 may，might，can，could 等情态动词，但有时也要去看句子表达的具体含义。 拓展 in order that 引导目的状语从句， “以便，以致；为了” in order to 引导目的状语，位于句中或句首，so as to 引导目的状语，只位 于句首，to do 引导目的状语，位于句中或句首，so+ adj.adv. as to 引导结果 状语， “如此以致” We started early in order that we could catch the first bus. 一 We started early in order to catch the first bus. 一 So as to catch the first bus, we started early. 我们出发得早，目的在于能赶上头班车。 We started so early as to catch the first bus. 我们出发得如此早以致我们赶上了头班车。 做一做，练一练 John shut everyone out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. A. which B. when C. so that D. as if 8. doubt （1）n. 怀疑，疑惑，疑问 doubt 多作不可数名词，有时作可数名词并常用复数，作“怀疑解。后接同 位语从句。doubt 用在否定句中，后面接 that 引导的同位语从句；doubt 用在肯定 句中，后面接 whether 引导的同位语从句。注意不可以用 if 替换 whether。doubtful adj.怀疑的 When in doubt about the meaning of a word，consult the dictionary. 当你对一个词的意义没有把握时，就查一下词典。 No doubt he didnt mean to hurt you. 他肯定不是有意要伤害你的。 Without doubt this is the best.无庸置疑，就是最好的。 Beyond doubt he will give you some advice on your study. 毫无疑问，他会给你一些学习方面的建议。 She made no doubt of what he had said. 她对他说的话毫不怀疑。 What he had done cast doubt on his honesty. 他的所作所为使人们对他的诚实产生了怀疑。 短语 in doubt 怀疑，拿不定主题，nowithoutbeyond doubt 无疑. 必定， 当然 make no doubt of 对毫不怀疑，throwcast doubt on 使人对产生怀疑 做一做，练一练 There is no doubt _ John will come by bus. A. if B. why C. that D. how 9. hesitate 犹豫，迟疑 搭配：hesitate（about）对犹豫不决；hesitate aboutatover doing sth. 做犹豫不决；关于犹豫不决；hesitate to do sth. 迟疑于做某事 She replied without hesitation. 她毫不犹豫地做了回答。 Hes still hesitating about joiningover whether to join the expedition. 他对是否参加探险仍拿不定主意。 He hesitates at nothing. 他从不优柔寡断。 I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes. 我舍不得把这么多钱花在衣服上。 Dont hesitate to tell us if you have any problem. 你有问题就直截了当地告诉我们。 做一做，练一练 We seldom hesitate _ where to stay in Paris. A. with B. to C. about C. on 10. dream （1）vi&vt. （dreamed，dreamed；dreamt，dreamt）做梦，梦见 搭配：dream adream 做一个的梦；dream of 梦想；dream that 梦 想 I dreamed that I was flying to the moon. 我梦见我飞向月球。 梦想，想到 常与 not，little，never 等连用，表示“想不到” I little dreamed of seeing you here. 真没想到在这儿见到你。 I never dreamed that you（should）have such great progress in this very short time. 我做梦也没想到你在这么短的时间内会取得这么大的进步。 （that 从句表示虚 拟） （2）n. 梦，梦想，是可数名词，表示一个梦，不统指“梦”或“做梦” 。 I had a dream last right. 我昨晚做了个梦。 He often talks in his dreams. 他经常说梦话。 He used the phrase “I have a dream” many times. 他多次重复地用了一句话“我有一个梦想” 。 注意：表示“做梦” ，应说 have a dream，不能说 makedo a dream. 做一做，练一练 His dream _ to China never _. A. of coming；came true B. to come：came true C. of coming；realized D. to come：was made true 11. awake （1） （awokeawoken，awakedawaked）醒，觉醒，唤醒 I usually awake at 6 in the morning. 我早上通常六点醒。 The ringing of the telephone awoke the baby. 电话铃把孩子给吵醒了。 （2）警觉的，醒的。表示未入睡或醒着的状态，其反义词为 asleep。 One woman was lying in bed，awake, listening to the rushing winds. 有位妇女正醒着，躺在床上静听着那迅疾而过的大风。 He is awake to the difficulties. 他明白这些困难。 识同辨异：awake 与 wake （1）awake 用作形容词时，一般用作表语或后置定语，不能用作前置定语； 用作动词时，既可作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词，但都不与 up 连用。 Some students awake read in bed by the moonlight. 有些醒着的学生在床上借着月光看书。 The telephone ring awakes（wakes up）the whole family at night. 电话铃在夜里吵醒全家人。 （2）wake 较为通俗，既可作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词，单独使用或与 up 连用。 When I woke（woke up） ，the sun was shining into the room. 我醒来时，太阳已照进屋里了。 做一做，练一练 I lay _ all night. A. awake B. waking C. woke D. awaking 12. put down 放下；镇压；记下；击败。 该短语为动副短语，后接宾语，可 分开使用。 The army is determined to put down all opposition. 军队决心镇压所有的反抗活动。 I am having a party next Sunday. Put it down in your diary so you dont forget. 下周六我将有个聚会，把这事记在你的日记里，以免忘了。 He failed to put down the opposition. 他没有击败对手。 He put down the box and had a rest. 他放下箱子，休息了一会儿。 做一做练一练 You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _ the books when you have finished with them. A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off 13. keephave ones eyes on注视，盯着。 如：Rose kept her eyes on the portrait of her I had just painted. 露丝仔细看着我刚给她画的肖像。 拓展 keep an eye on，fix ones eyes on，stare at Please keep an eye on the road.请看着路。 When the teacher came into the classroom，Tom was fixing his eyes on the novel. 当老师走进教室时. 汤姆正在看小说。 短语：keep a close watch on 密切注意；keepin mind 记住，放在心里； keep up with 跟上，不落后；keep a firmtight hold on 牢牢控制；keep ones head 保持镇静 做一做练一练 In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _ the developments and recorded every detail. A. in B. at C. for D. on 14. Just behind him was that patch in the air. 就是在他身后空中有一块斑点。 这是一个倒装句，这种倒装为全部倒装。采用全部倒装语序的句型有： （1）当 then 位于句首。谓语动词为 come（follow）时 Then came a new difficulty. 接着产生了新的困难。 Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. 接着是八年抗战。 （2）当 there 或 now 位于句首，谓语为 come（go）时 There goes the bell.铃响了。 Now comes， your turn.现在轮到你了。 （3）当 there 位于句首，谓语动词为 be，live， fly，lie，stand, remain 等动词表示“存在” There were many things to be done. 有很多事情要做。 （4）当 here 位于句首，动词为 be 时 Here are some picture-books. 这是些连环画。 注意：当主语为代词时，不用倒装。 HereThere he comes. 他来了。 （5）当方位副词 out，in，up，down，away，off 等位于句首，谓语动词是 come，go，rush 等表示位置转移的动词，且主语较长。 Up went the arrow into the air. 嗖地一下，箭射上了天空。 （6）当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常引起全部倒装。 Behind him hung his photograph，taken in Mecca. 在他身后挂着一张他在麦加拍的照片。 做一做，练一练 I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _ so happy. A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt 语法知识：动词的-ing 形式作状语 1. 动词的-ing 形式作状语的用法 表示原因，相当于一个表示原因的状语从句，多放于句首。 例如：Being so poor in those days，we couldnt afford to send the boy to hospital. （=As we were so poor） 那时我们那样穷，我们没有能力送孩子上医院。 Not knowing her address，we couldnt get in touch with her.（=As we didnt know her address，） 由于不知道她的地址，我们没法和她联系。 注意：如果动词的-ing 形式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生， 就需要用完成时。 Not having received an answer，he decided to write another letter to them. 由于没有接到回信，他决定给他们再写一封信。 用作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，多放在句子前部。 例如：Turning around，she saw an ambulance driving up.（=When she turned around，） 她转过身时，看见一辆救护车开了过来。 Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy. 听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。 注意：如果动词的-ing 形式表示的动作完成了以后，谓语动词表示的动作才 发生，需要用完成形式。 Having watered（After they had watered）the vegetables，they began to weed the sweet potatoes plots. 他们浇过菜地之后，就到红薯地锄草。 作伴随状语，表示主语正在进行的另一个动作，和谓语动作或状态是同时发 生的，一般放在句子后部。 例如：They sat facing each other. 他们面对面地坐着。 They ran out，talking and laughing. 他们说着笑着跑出去。 表示结果状语，通常放在句子后面。 例如：The bus stopped suddenly，thus causing the delay. 汽车突然停运，造成耽搁。 Her husband died last year，leaving five children with her. 去年她丈夫死了，给她丢下五个孩子。 作让步状语。 例如：Working hard at English， I failed in the exam.（=Though I worked hard at English） 虽然我努力学英语，但考试还是没有及格。 作方式状语。 例如：He was talking all the while as if talking to himself.（=as if he were talking to himself） 他说个不停，好像是自言自语似的。 当谓语动词的动作与分词所表示的动作同时进行时，作状语用的分词一般要 加上 when，while 等连词。 例如：When crossing the street，he was knocked down by a speeding car. （=When he was crossing the street） 他过街时被一辆跑车撞倒了。 2. 动词的-ing 形式作状语的时态与语态。 动词的-ing 形式的一般式通常表示与句中谓语同时发生的动作或状态。 例如：Walking in the street，I met with an old friend of mine.（=When 1 was walking in the street） 走在街上。我遇到了我的一位老朋友。 动词的-ing 形式的完成时（having+过去分词）作状语，表示其动作发生在 句中谓语动作之前。 例如：Having finished the work，we had a rest.（=After we had finished the work） 完成了这项工作，我们休息了一下。 动词的-ing 形式的被动式（being+过去分词）表示与它的逻辑主语是动宾 关系。 例如：Seen from the top of the hill，the town looks even more beautiful.（=When it is seen from the top of the hill） 从山顶上看，城镇更美丽了。 3. 在动词的-ing 形式前可用连词，介词或副词 为强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生. 在-ing 形式短语前可用连词 when，while 等；为强调在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生，在-ing 形式短语前可 用连词 before 或 after。 Be careful when crossing the road. 过马路的时候要小心。 Dont laugh while eating. 吃饭的时候不要笑。 Before going abroad，he studied in Peking University. 出国前，他在北京大学学习。 After watching TV，he went to bed. 看完电视后，他睡觉去了。 在-ing 形式短语前可用介词 on，表示“一就” 。 On arriving in Beijing，he went to see his uncle. （=As soon as he arrived in Beijing，he went to see his uncle.） 一到北京，他就去看望他的叔叔。 为了强调结果，可在-ing 形式前加副词 thus。 The bus was held up by the snowstorm，thus causing the delay. （=The bus was held up by the snowstorm，and as a result it caused the delay.） 暴风雪影响了公共汽车，以致引起堵塞。 在动词的-ing 形式短语前可用 thoughalthough 表示让步。 Though working very hard，he couldnt make enough money to pay off his debt. （=Though he worked very hard，he couldnt make enough money to pay off his debt.） 尽管工作很努力，他还是没有足够的钱还清债务。 【模拟试题】 . 单项填空 1. At the school gate, I met an old teacher, _ showed me around the school. A. who B. whoseC. that D. which 2. How long has the bookstore been in business？ _ 2000. A. When B. After C. Since D. Before 3. You seem to like beer. _. A. So I do B. So do I C. So am I D. So I am 4. We need fifteen more people _ our team to do the job. A. but B. exceptC. as well D. besides 5. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. whatever D. that 6. Great changes _ in my hometown, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place；are being set up B. have taken place；have been set up C. are taken place；had been set up D. took place；will be set up 7. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, _ leading actor is world famous？ A. its B. itsC. whose D. which 8. John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _ he phones. A. in caseB. in order that C. so that D. in order to 9. I was doing my homework _ I heard someone knocking at the door. A. whileB. whenC. unless D. if 10. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister. A. cry；to cry B. crying；crying C. cry；cry D. to cry；crying 11. These plants are watered _. A. each other dayB. every other dayC. each of two days D. every of two days 12. _ was in 1979 _ I graduated from the university. A. That；that B. It；that C. That；whenD. It；when 13. Which do you think tastes _, the chicken or the fish？ A. good B. wellC. better D. best 14. Father often says to me, “Be _ honest boy today and _ useful man tomorrow.” A. a；a B. an；anC. a；an D. an；a 15. May I borrow your bike？ Sorry, it _ now. A. has been mended B. is being mended C. was mended D. is mended . 完形填空 Some countries have 1 numbers of earthquakes. 2 do not have many. For example, there are 3 earthquakes in Britain. There is often a great 4 during an earthquake. The ground 5 and the houses fall down. Sometimes 6 of people are killed 7 different ways. Earthquakes may also happen 8 the sea, or near volcanoes（火山） , 9 this is not always actual. The powerful forces inside the earth separate rocks and great waves 10 . They move long distances and are 11 enough to break down houses and other buildings. Sometimes they break 12 buildings than the earthquake itself. A 13 earthquake happened in Assam, India, in 1896. The 14 near Shillong suddenly 15 1.5 feet to one side, and then back again. 16 continued to act like this 200 times 17 minute. Few buildings could stand 18 that was happening and the great stones 19 four feet up 20 the air. 1. A. large B. muchC. a lotD. a bit 2. A. Other B. Others C. The otherD. The others 3. A. few B. a lotC. much moreD. more 4. A. sound B. voiceC. hearingD. sight 5. A. movesB. jumps C. pointsD. beats 6. A. thousand B. a thousandC. the thousand D. thousands 7. A. with B. inC. byD. on 8. A. at B. onC. underD. over 9. A. when B. whileC. as D. but 10. A. are appeared B. are happened C. appear D. destroy 11. A. large B. soundC. strongD. loud 12. A. most B. moreC. manyD. a lot of 13. A. fear B. afraidC. fright