高二英语：Unit 2知识讲解（新人教版选修7）

人教版课程标准实验教材（英语人教版课程标准实验教材（英语 选修选修 7 7 第第 2 2 单元）知识讲解单元）知识讲解 第二单元 1. appear (1) 意为“出现，呈现”，不及物动词，无被动态，其 反义词为 disappear 不及物动词，无被动态 It appears to be / that/ as if 和 appear + 介词短语 A rainbow appeared in the sky after the rain. We expected him to come at seven but he didnt appear until eight. Her new book will appear in the bookshops very soon. He said I would n ever appear on the air. He appeared ill. He appeared (to be) willing to go with me. He appeared to have seen the film. It appeared to me that you are right. (2) 意为“ 似乎，好像，显得” 不用于进行时。You dont appear to care m uch for music . She appears ( to be ) an honest girl. It appears as if they have los t interest in English. appear ,look, 与 seem 的异同： (1) appear 指根据事物的表面现象而作出的判 断，暗含事实上并非如此之意。 (2) look 指凭视觉印象而作出的判断，实际上也可能如此。He looked as if he was worrying about something .(正) (3) seem 是指暗含有一定根据的，往往接近事实的判断，强调内心的感受。His health seems to be better. 它们之后都可以接名词、形容词、to be 不定式等结构，通常可以互换，但下列 情况下不可互换。 look, seem 之后可接 like 短语，而 appear 不能。 look 可用于进行时态而 appear, seem 不能， look, seem 之后可接 as if (tho ugh) 引导的从句，而 appear 不能。 appear, seem 之后可接 that 从句，而 look 不能。It seemed(appeared) th at /as if he was ill. appear, seem 之后可接实义动词的不定式，而 look 不能。 appear, seem 可用 于 there be 结构中而 look 不能。 The green leaves appeared/looked/seemed (to be )more beautiful after th e rain. It seems /looks like years since I last met you. She is looking quit e a different person now. It seems / looks as if he knew nothing about his new friend. It ap pears /seems that we have missed our chance. She appears/seems to have missed the third act of the play. There appe ars/seems to be a mistake in these figures. Do let your mother know the truth .She appears _everything. A to tell B to be told C to be telling D to have been told 2 certain (1) 作前置定语，意为“某个，某些” There are certain reasons why this information cant be made public. Drinking is forbidden in certain countries.A certain Ms Jones phoned yo u today. I met Mr.Zhang at a certain place . (2) 意为“确定的，有把握的” 用法相当于 sure 一般可互换。但在 It is cert ain that 句型中只能用 certain be sure of sth Im sure of the victory. sure be sure to do sth We are sure to win the match. be sure that Im sure that he can come on time. 3 experiment (1) n“试验，实验”常用词组：make /perform /carry out/ con duct an experiment 进行试验/实验 It has been proved by experiment that the atom can be divided again . W e learned the truth by experiment. (2) vi experiment with 测试，尝试 The teacher experimented with a new teaching method . They experimented with new materials experim ent on 用做实验 The researchers experiment on rats.Many people disapprove of experiment ing on animals. 4 absent (1)缺席的，不在场的 (+from) be absent from school/ a mee ting / work 不上学/不到会/缺勤 Three members of the class were absent this morning. He is absent on business. 他因事缺席。He is absent from Hong Kong.他 不在香港。 (2) 不在意的，漫不经心的,心不在焉的 an absent expression / look 茫然的 表情/样子 an absent look on his face He looked at me in an absent way.他茫然地望着我。He had an absent look o n his face.他脸上露出心不在焉的神色。 absence (n) absence of mind 心不在焉的 in ones absence =in the absence of sb 在背地里，在某人不在时 He often speaks ill /poorly of you in your absence. In the absence of the manager , I shall be in charge. Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在时，你规矩点。 I soon noticed his absence from school. （3）缺少的,不存在的 Snow is absent in his country. 他的国家不下雪。 （4）vt. 不在；缺席 Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday? 昨天你为何不到校？ absent 的反义词是 present 出席的,在场的 How many people were present at the meeting? 到会的有多少人? 5 persuade 说服（成功地说服了某人做某事）如果表示说而不服用 try to persu ade sb to do sth 或 advise sb to do sth 常见用法 persuade sb to do sth persuade sb into doing sth persuade sb that-clause persuade sb out of doing sth (1.) 说服,劝服(+into/out of)/ (+sb to do sth.) She persuaded me in to buying it.她说服我买下了它。 The salesman persuaded us to buy his product.那个推销员说服了我们买他 的产品。 He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to.即 使她不想去上学，他还是说服她去。 He persuaded her to go/into going with him . I persuaded him out of s moking . She persuaded her father to change his mind He persuaded me that de ath does not end all. 死不能使一切结束 Many times I tried to persuade him to take the job, but I failed. I advised him to do it but he wouldnt.= I tried to persuade him to do it but he wouldnt. (2). 使某人相信 (+of) / (+that) How can I persuade you of my sincerit y?我怎样才能使你相信我的诚意呢? We worked hard to persuade them that we were genuinely interested in the project. 我们想尽办法以使他们相信我们确实对这一计划感兴趣。 6 embarrass (v) “使（某人）觉得不自在、尴尬或害羞” Are you trying to embarrass me? I was embarrassed by his comments about my clothes . 他评价我的衣服使我 难堪。 I dont like making speeches in public ; for it is embarrassing. 我不 喜欢在公众面前讲话，太难为情了。 embarrassment (n) 尴尬 embarrassing (adj)令人尴尬/局促不安/为难的 embarr assed (adj)觉得不好意思的，发窘的 He felt _ by his lack of money when his friend asked him for help. 7 It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human. 主语从 句 it 为形式主语 It was clear that they had no desire for peace. It seems that Lao Wu s idea is more practical. It happened that I wasnt there that day. 类似用法： (1) Its a pity /a shame/ good news/ an honor/ a good thing that (2) Its strange/natural/ surprising/ true/ funny / wonderfu l / likely / possible /probablethat . (3) It seems/ happened /suddenly struck me that (4) It was said /reported/ announced/ expected/ arranged that (5) It is doubtful / not decided / not made clear/ to be deci ded / a question +连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。 (6) It doesnt matter/ doesnt make too much difference +连 接代词或连接副词引导的从句。 7 want (1) v “ 要，想要， 希望” want (sb) to do sth want +n / pron 常见用法 want + ing 形式的主动式，不定式的被动式。（同 need, requir e） want sb /sth +过去分词 They want a bigger flat. We dont want you to get into trouble . She wants to go to Italy . I want it (to be ) done as quickly as possible. I dont want the c hildren taken out in such weather. The plants want watering every day. = The plants want to be watered e very day. (2) 欲望，需要 He is a man of few wants . This book meets a long-felt want. 这本书满足了盼望已久的需要。 This house is in want of repair. 这所房子该修了。 8 elegant 高雅的，优雅的 an elegant woman 高雅的女士 elegant manners 优美的举止 an elegant piece of furniture 反义词：inelegant elegance (n) elegan tly (adv) 9 reach for 伸手触到，抓到 He reached for his gun . I reached across the table for the jam.伸手到桌子那端去拿 reach out ( to sb/sth ) 帮忙 W e must reach out to those in need. beyond /out of reach 手不可及，够不到 within reach 伸手可及 10 allow 允许 常用搭配： (1) allow sb to do sth (2) allow doing sth ( 3) allow +n/pron (4) be allowed to do They wont allow such an action. My parents dont allow me to stay out late. We dont allow smoking here. The nurse allowed him to stay there, though it was not permitted. He was allowed _. 11 accompany (1) v 伴随，陪同 Will you accompany me in drinking a glass of wine?Please accompany me on my walk. The little patient accompanied by his parents was sitting at the waiting room. Lightning usually accompanies thunder. (2) v 为伴奏 Her mother accompanied her on the piano. 她母亲为她钢琴 伴奏。accompany sb on/at sth 近义词辨析：company 公司，伙伴 keep sb company 陪伴,和某人做伴 Ill k eep you company whatever happens. . It is said that dogs will keep you company for as long as want when y ou are feeling lonely. 而 accompany 表示“陪同去” He accompanied a foreign visitor to the ai rport. accompany sb to 陪某人去 12 desire (n) 渴望，欲望，渴求。后接 for 短语或不定式 (1)He has no desire for health . Its impossible to satisfy all their d esires. He has a strong desire for success .= He has a strong desire to succeed . (2) v 渴望，希望，想要，后接名词、不定式或从句。不用于进行时。 My paren ts desire me to enter a key university. He who desires honor is not worthy of honor.期望得到荣誉的人不配得到荣 T hey greatly desired to come to China. (3)作及物动词，意为“ 要求，希望”，这时接宾语从句，宾语从句的谓语动词用 should +v 原形，should 可省去。 It is desired that this rule (should) be brought to the attention of al l the members.要求这一规定必须引起所有成员 People expressed their desire that the war (should ) come to an end.The president desires that you (should) visit him . We desire that help _here without delay. A be sent B is sent C has been sent D was sent 类似用法的词有： demand, insist, require, request, order, recommend 等 13 perform(1) vt 完成，执行 As was expected, he performed the work succe ssfully . The chairman performed his duty. (2) 机器等的运行情况。 The machine can perform three operations at a ti me . 这部机器可同时进行三种作业。 (3) 表示广义的演出，如戏剧、唱歌、演奏、表演戏法等。Tom also performed a part in the play. 在剧里也扮演了 The monkey performed wonderfully at the show. 猴子在表演中表现得非常 精彩。 14 program (1) n 程序，安排，节目，规划 He knows the computer program very well. I enjoyed those TV programs very much.The reservoir will be built under this years program.按照本年度规划 (2) v 编程序 They can be programmed to carry out a variety of jobs. The computer can be programmed to list all the people who are over 35. 15 carry out 开展，贯彻，执行，履行 The plan is being carried out . R emember to carry out your promise. 16 character (n) 性格，性质，人格品性， 特点，人物，字体，文字 a woman of great character 品格高尚的女人 He has a strong character . 他是个性格坚强的人。The main character is a young student . 主角是个青年学生。 be out of character 不符合（某人）平时的性格 be in character 合乎（ 某人） 的性格 The old house had a lot of character.这所旧房子很具特色 This is a book o f a literary character. .有文学特色的书。 He is of good character.= He is a man of good character. 他是一个品格好 的人。 17 position (n) 位置，职务，职位，地位，身份，处境，姿势 The captain checked the ships position. He holds a high position in the government. 他在政府机构有很高的职位。 He got a position in the company. The girl is drawn in a standing po sition. 18 makeup (n) 装扮，穿着 His makeup is unnatural. make up (1)组成 Fifty students make up our class. Our class is made u p of 50 students. ( consists of ) (2) 捏造，编造 In order to escape being punished , he made up an excus e . (3) 化妆，打扮 It took her half an hour to make up . She made u p her face. (4) 补上，补做（失去的东西,误了的事情）Can I leave early this afternoon and make up tomorrow ? Because you were ill, you have to make up the final exam. You must make up the money we ask for . （凑足） (5) 弥补，补偿(以其他方式) Hard work can make up for a lack of intel ligence . Do you think her beauty could make up for the stupidity? 19 awful (adj) 可怕的，过多的，恶劣的 awfully (adv) 极，非常地 It is a n _scene. The weather was _this summer. It is _cold. 天气极冷。I ts going to cost an awful lot of money. 20 affair (n) 事情，事件，情形，事态，事务,恋爱事件/私通事件 Thats my affair, not yours. 那是我的事，你少管。 More than one person has been concerned in this affair. Shes having an affair with her boss. 有暧昧的关系 He asked me how affairs stood. 他问我情形怎样。 We are going to look in to affairs. 我们要调查事态。 近义词辨析：(1)affair 通常指重大事情或事物，并多用复数，有时也指一般事 情/物 Mind your own affairs. foreign affairs current a ffairs (2) thing 事情，事物，东西的通称。 不管大事小事，好事坏事均可用 thing 表 示。 thing 一般不专指事物 You must remember one thing -always behave yourself. All the thin gs are in the truck. (3)matter 可指物质或事情、问题。它还常用来指“麻烦的事情” The universe is composed of matter. We have several matters to deal w ith at our next meeting. It is no laughing matter . 这不是开玩笑的事。 There is nothing the mat ter with her. 这件事与她无关。 (4) business 作“事情”讲时， 一般指公事、正事或商业事务。 Lets get d own to our business.让我们办正事。 He went to Beijing on business. 他到北京出差去了。 21 after all (1) 毕竟，别忘了 Dont expect too much of him. After all he is only a child. Dont worry about your son. After all he has grown up. (2) 终究，还是， 虽然终于 He didnt work hard but he passed the e xam after all. Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because of too much homework, but he went after all. I dont think the job is well done.Thats OK. _ youve tried your be st. A. At all B .After all C. All above D First of all 22 declare vt 公布，宣布,表明. declare for/ against 公开表示支持/反 对 declare war on/against 对宣战 declare +n The US declared her independence in 1776. declare + that 从句 I declared that I did not support the leader. declare +n+p.p I declared the meeting closed . declare oneself to be He declared himself to be right. 近义词辨析： declare 和 announce 均表示“声称，宣布”， 但前者要比后者正 式。 declare 表示正式明白地宣告，尤其是会引起反对的事情的宣告。 announce 是表示“宣布” 的普通用词，尤其是对大家所关心的或有新闻价值的 事情的宣布。 They will declare the results of the election . Germany declared wa r on France on 1 August 1914. The government has declared war on illiteracy. 政府已宣布要扫除文盲。 Our teacher will announce the results of the examination. announce to the public announce to the media announce 与 to 连用： suggest sth to sb explain sth to sb announce sth to sb report sth to do sth His actions_ him to be an honest man. A declared B considered C tho ught D decided 23 in time 及时，迟早 They caught the train in time. If you keep on, yo u will succeed in time . ahead of time 提前 all the time 一直，始终 in no time 立刻 at a time 一 次，每次 at one time 曾经，一度 at all times 一直，无论何时 at any ti me 随时，在任何时候 at no time 决不，任何时候都不 on time 准时，按时 24 strike (struck, struck/ stricken) (1) 打，击，敲，常表示用力打，可 以是一次或多次 Strike while the iron is hot. (2)触（礁），撞 His head struck the table as he fell. (1)发起进攻/袭击；（灾难，疾病）侵袭 Our troops struck the enemy camp at dawn. This area was struck by an outbreak of SARS. (2)擦（火柴） I struck a match and held it to his cigarette . (3)(钟)敲响 I left immediately the clock struck twelve. The c lock has just struck six. (4)(某种想法)突然出现，忽然想到 A good idea struck the scientist. It st ruck me that we ought to make a new plan (5)给（人）某种印象或感觉，打动，感动某人 How does the plan strike you? I was deeply struck by her beauty. (6)(n，v ) 罢工,斗争 be on strike The workers are on strike . They a re striking for higher pay. beat 指海浪，棍棒等连续不断地击打,也指心脏跳动 Waves beat the shore. I feel my heart beating fast. hit 打，击中（指仅击一次）强调击中；另有“袭击，遭受” 之意。 be hit by natural disasters hit +sb + on the back/head 打某人的背/头 in the face /chest 打某人的脸/胸膛 25 ring sb/some place up =call sb/some place 给打电话 Ring up the air port and find out when the plane leaves. 打电话的表示方法：(1) ring sb up (2) call sb up (3) telephone sb (4) ph one sb (5) give sb a phone call (6) give sb a ri 26 As she turned around ,there stood Gladys Claffern. turn around = t urn round 转过身，转回身 When the teacher turned around ,they began to whisper. The examination turned out easy. (1) turn back 折回，翻回 (2) turn in 上交，交回 (3) turn out 结果是，生 产，出来 (4) turn up 出现，到达，露面，调大（音量等）(5) turn down 拒绝 ，不接受，调低/小(6) turn on 开（灯等） (7) turn off 关（灯等）(8) turn over“考虑（某事）”Ive been turning the idea over in my mind. 我心里 一直在考虑这个主意。“把移交” turn sb over 把交给警察(9) turn re d with anger 引发怒而涨红(10) turn over a new leaf 改过自新，重新做人(1 1) turn out to be 结果是，证明是 His story turned out to be true. (12)tu rn away 不理，撵走，移开目光（13）turn against 背叛 He got tired and turned back. You shouldnt turn away your old friends. If she offers help, Ill turn her down. With no one to _in such a frightening situation , she felt very helpless. A turn to B turn on C turn off D turn over 27 As she turned around ,there stood Gladys Claffern. there stood 此句 为存在结构，常用于这种结构的动词有 stand, seem to be, happen to be, be likely to be, live, come, enter, lie 等 There happened to be nobody in the room. There used to be a cinema here. There is sure to be a restaurant there. There remained just twenty pounds. There happened to be a war between her heart and her mind. Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. There are likely to be more difficulties than you were prepared for. sb/sth Im expecting a telegraph . 我正在等一封 电报。 28 expect to do sth They expected to finish the work by Friday. sb to do sth She expected us to be waiting for her there. Do you expect it will rain? 预计-Yes , I expect so. 是的，我想会。 29 transform (v) 转变，转换，改造，使变形 Success and wealth transfor med his career.改变了他的性格。 A steam engine transforms heat into power. She transformed the room by painting it.她粉刷了房间，使它焕然一新 transformation (n) 改变，转变 transformable（adj）可变形的 30 manage to do sth 设法做成了某事，相当于 succeed in doing sth 或 cope with 做成某事，应付某事 In spite of these insults, she managed not to get angry. 尽管受到这些侮 辱，她还是忍着没发火。 I managed to get up the stairs. He managed to get 100 scores. manageable (adj) 能处理的，易管理的 manager (n)经理，管理人 management ( n)管理,管理部门，主管人员 31 free (1) adj 自由的，不受约束的 a free country be free to do sth setfree 把释放，给自由 You are free to come and go as you please.你来去自由。(2) 免费的，免 税的 a free school 公费学校 free of charge (3) 不受影响，无 free from harm /pain 不受伤害/无痛苦 free of wee ds 无杂草 (4) vt 释放，让某人自由 They are freed for the sake of God. 感谢上帝， 他们都被释放了。freely freedom 32 sight (1) 视力，视觉 have a good/poor sight 视力好/差 (2)视野 in/w ithin sight out of sight at the sight of 乍一看 catch sight of 看到， 发现 have /get sight of 看到，发现 The car is still in si ght. (3) 情景，景象，（尤指）奇观，壮观 The flowers are a lovely sight in sp ring. 春天百花盛开，十分艳丽。 The sunset is a beautiful sight. 日落是很美的景观。 33 envy (n) 忌妒，羡慕，常用 envy of sb 或 envy of /at sth That he did so is out of envy of my success.出于对我成功的 He couldnt conceal his envy of me/envy at my success. 他遮掩不住对 我的忌妒/对我成功的忌妒。 (2)令人忌妒或羡慕的事物 Her many talents were the envy of all her frien ds.她多才多艺，所有的朋友都很羡慕她。 (3) v 忌妒或羡慕某人 I have always envied your good luck. I env y him (for ) his success. 34 leave v (1) 离开（某人/某人） He left home in a hurry . (2) 忘带 某物 I left the book in the garden. (3) 使处于 adj Leave the door open. prep Dont leave any of your belongs behind. Ive left my bag on the bus. leave+宾语+ 宾补 n He was left an orphan p.p Some thongs are better left unsaid pres. p . Dont leave him waiting in the rain. What has happened ? Why did you leave th e baby lying on the floor? (4) 剩下，留下 How much time was left? (5) adj 剩下的，留下的 We still have twenty minutes left. remaining (adj) 作定语时放在所修饰词前 With the remaining money he can only buy a piece of bread. 相关短语(1) ask for leave (2) on leave (3) a six-week leave (4) leave alone 丢下不管，不理会 Leave him alone. Its unnatural for a mother to leave her child alone to enjoy herself. (5) leave behind 遗留，忘了带 The lights of the city were soon left beh ind . He left a great fame behind . (6) leave for 离开去某地(7) leav e out 漏掉，省略 (8) leave out an important detail (9) leave off 停止，中断 35 risk (1) v 使某人或自己面临危险，后常接 n 或 v