高中英语 Unit1《Living well》学案1 新人教版选修7

BOOK 7 Unit1 Living well 目标认知重点词汇：disability, beneficial, adapt, absence, annoy, accessible, assistance,in particular, in other words重点句型：1.疑问词+不定式2.so that3. be + adj. +to do4. used to语 法：动词不定式精讲巧练重点词汇disability蓝色【原句回放】Do you know anyone with a mental or physical disability? (Page 1)【点拨】disability：making unable to do sth, esp. taking away the power of using the leg or arm. 可用作可数名词和不可数名词，用作可数名词表“残疾”；用作不可数名词表“无能、劳动能力丧失”。例如：1)Physical disability causes mental anguish.2)The students in the pictures each have a disability.【拓展】disability 的同词根转换形式：able(a.)-unable/disable(a.)-disabled(a.)-enable(v.)-ability(n.)-disability(n.)【随时练】Mr. Hill lost his legs while he was in the army, so he became a _person.A. disable B. disabled C. disability D unablekey：Bbeneficial【原句回放】Other disabled people find the website beneficial because they can read about people with similar difficulties to their own.(Page 2)【点拨】beneficial: having a helpful or useful effect; advantageous adj.有益的，有用的，有好处的。常用短语：be beneficial to例如： Fresh air is beneficial to ones health. His holiday has had a beneficial effect.【拓展】n. benefit 利益，实惠，未来的好处。be beneficial to = be of benefit tov.benefit 获益，得益于。benefit by/from【随时练】The new regulations will be _us all.A.great beneficial to B.greatly beneficial toC. great benefit to D. of greatly benefit tokey：B。be of great benefit to= be greatly beneficial toadapt【原句回放】I have learned to adapt to my disability.(Page 2)【点拨】adapt: make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sthvt.使适应。常用：adapt to 例如：He adapted himself to the cold weather.【随时练】He is quick to_ new circumstances.A. adapt himselfB. be adapted to C. adapt to D. be adaptedkey：C。absence【原句回放】Every time after a long absence from school, I feel really stupid because I am a bit behind the others.【点拨】absence: being away（可数名词或不可数名词）缺席；不在某处。常与from连用。例如：I soon noticed his absence from school.The decision was made in my absence.【拓展】形容词absent反义词 presence(n.) be absent from缺席be present at 出席，到场 absence of mind心不在焉【随时练】 The presence of social support helps people fend off（避开） illness, and the _ of such support makes poor health more likely(likely:很可能发生的).A. absence B. absent C. appearance D. helpkey：A。注意此处为对比结构，空处应与presence相对应。annoy【原句回放】There will always be a few who cannot see the real person inside my body, but I do not get annoyed, I just ignore them.【点拨】annoy: cause slight anger to (sb.); irritate v. 使某人不悦；惹恼；打搅例如：It annoys me when people forget to say thank you. Dont annoy your neighbour by singing loudly at night.He got very annoyed with me at my carelessness.【拓展】annoying a. 令人烦恼的 This interruption is very annoying.annoyed a. 颇为生气的 I was annoyed to find they had left without me.【随时练】He put his oars(桨)in the water and _the smooth surface of the lake.A. interrupted B. disturbed C. missed D. annoyedkey：B。accessible【原句回放】Could you think of things that the cinema could do to make it accessible to disabled people?(Page 9)【点拨】accessible: that can be reaching a rank or position adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的 例如： The island is accessible only by boat.这岛只有乘小船才能去。 A manager should be accessible to his staff.经理应该让职员感到平易近人。 The information ought to be made more accessible.资料应该明白易懂。【拓展】access：means of approaching or entering (a place); way inn. （接近或进入某地的）方法；通路；（使用某物或接近某人的）机会或权利。常用结构：access to sth. 例如：The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.要到那农舍唯有穿过田地。Students must have access to a good library.学生要有使用好图书馆的便利条件。【随时练】1.Free _ to scientific results is changing research practice.A. access B. charge C. trend D. declinekey：A.2.It is not socially_ for parents to leave children unattended at that age.（07山东）A. accessible B. adorable C. adaptable D. acceptablekey：D.accessible a. 易接近的, 可进入的, 可使用的;adorable a. 可崇拜的, 值得敬慕的；adaptable a. 能适应的, 适合的, 可修改的；acceptable a. 可接受的, 合意的, 可忍受的。句意：家长不照顾那个年龄的孩子是社会普遍难以接受的。根据句意应选Dassistance【原句回放】The blind climbers got assistance from sighted companions.(Page 6)【点拨】assistance: help n.帮忙；援助；帮助。例如：Please call if you require assistance.Can I be of any assistance, sir?【拓展】assist v.帮助 assist sb. in/ with sth. assist sb in doing sth.assistant n. 助手【随时练】The car is stuck. Will someone _me to push it?A. assist B. help C. assistance D. assistantkey：B。assist后不接动词不定式。in particular【原句回放】In particular, I would like you to consider the following things.【点拨】in particular 尤其，特别。例如：He stressed two points in particular.【拓展】in particular= especiallyespecially “特别地，不寻常地“，强调程度。在进一步补充说明前面所叙述的事的时候，前面一般用逗号隔开，一般用来修饰形容词、介词短语或状语从句。specially “特意地，专门地”指与其不同的，专门为某种需要而专门设立的。例如：I love the country, especially in spring.I came here specially to see you.【随时练】I noticed his eyes _, because they were very large.A. on particularB. in particularC. in specialD. in especiallykey：B。in other words【原句回放】I guess you could say I am one in a million. In other words, there are not many people in the world like me.【点拨】in other words 换句话说，也就是说，换言之。同义词组：that is to say, namely 均常作插入语。例如：In other words, the objection is to avoid losing.He became, in other words, a great hero.【拓展】相关短语：in a word 总而言之；keep ones word信守诺言；get in a word插话，插嘴。【随时练】Paul is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent;_, I cant speak too highly of him.A. as a result B. in a wordC. by the wayD. on the contrarykey：B。前面说了Paul的许多优点，所以此处用in a word(总之)加以概括，我怎么夸都不过分。重点句型疑问词+不定式【原句回放】The doctors dont know exactly what is wrong with me, so they dont know how to make me well.【点拨】不定式和疑问词whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, why等连用，在句中起名词性作用，常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder，explain, advise, teach, discuss, find out等动词后作宾语，有时也作主语、表语。例如：Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?How to do it is a problem for me now.The most important problem is how to get so much money.【拓展】介词后一般不直接跟不定式，但可以跟疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。例如：Mary gave some advice on how to learn English.I have no idea of how to do it.【随时练】-Do you have the experience like that?-Well, Ive done the work before, so I know what_in my new job here.A. expected B. expecting C. to expect D. to be expectingkey：C。so that【原句回放】There should be a space at the end of each row so that people in wheelchairs can sit beside their friends.【点拨】so that：in order that; with the result that。作“以便”，“为的是”讲，从句中通常用may(might)或can(could)等情态动词。例如：We learn English so that we may get more knowledge.【拓展】1.如果so that 引出的从句为否定结构，则其谓语多用should+v原形，此时，so that 常译为“免得，以免”。例如：He looked down so that she should not see his eyes.2.so that 意为“以便于”， 引导目的状语从句； 而sothat意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。【随时练】John shut everybody out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.A. which B. when C. so that D. as ifkey：C。句意：约翰把每个人都关在厨房门外，以便他能够为晚会准备一份巨大的惊喜。so that:为了；以便于be +形容词+ to do【原句回放】The buttons in the lift should be easy for people in wheelchairs to reach(Page 8)【点拨】be easy to do 中，easy后用不定式的主动表被动。有此用法的形容词还有：important, light, difficult, heavy, comfortable，fit等。例如：This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The box is difficult to carry.【随时练】Come and see me whenever_.（03全国）A. you are convenientB. you will be convenientC. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you.key：C。convenient指做某事对某人来讲是方便的，而不能理解为，某人是方便的。故排除A、B。D项时态不对，whenever引导时间状语从句，用现在时表将来。used to【原句回放】In fact, I used to dream about one day being a famous football player and representing my country in the World Cup.(Page 1)【点拨】used to do sth：indicating a frequent practice in the past:过去常常做某事。只用于过去时态。表示今昔对比，暗含现在已不再是原来的样子了。例如： He used to get up early. I used to go to office on foot but I dont do that now.【拓展】 1.there used to be:过去有 There used to be a restaurant here. 2.be used to doing sth.:习惯于 I am not used to getting up early. 3.be used to do sth:被用来做某事 A knife is used to cut things.【链接高考】1.In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than_.（07安徽）A. that used to be B. it is used toC. it was used toD. it used to be答案解析：D。used to表过去常常，且与静态动词连用。it指代前面的life。2. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday_ yet.A. are not decidedB. have not decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided答案解析：D。疑问词+不定式作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式，“when and where”是指一个问题的两个方面，谓语动词仍然用单数。3.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _ they knew it to be valuable.（07浙江）A. as ifB. now that C. even though D. so that答案解析：C。本题考查连词。as if 好像；now that 既然；even though 尽管；so that以便于，为了。根据意思很容易得出答案C。4.Leonardo da Vinci(14521519)_ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.（07重庆）A. is said to be buying B. is said to have boughtC. had said to buyD. has said to have bought答案解析：B。It is said that=sb. is said to have done据说。写作进行时翻译下文，尽量运用本单元学过的词汇及短语：士兵突击是07年很受欢迎的一部电视剧。其中有一个经常被人认为弱智的角色，叫许三多。他显得很木讷，或者说有点儿蠢。因为他，班里整体成绩总是远远落后于其他班。这使得战友和领导都很恼火。很多人认为他对这个集体一点好处都没有。总之，大家都不喜欢他。但是，班长却与其他人看法不一样，他一直坚信着许三多。灰心的时候，班长会鼓励他；进步的时候，班长会祝贺他。正是因为这个平易近人的班长，许三多坚持了下来。其实，许三多一点也不傻，只是因为从小的环境使得他有些胆怯，再加上部队要求很严格，他一时间难以适应而已。他有自己的理想，有自己的尊严。他不在乎别人的取笑，刻苦努力就是为了让自己变得出色些。当然，凭着自己的一份执着和别人的帮助，他最终变得很出色，同时也赢得了别人的羡慕和赞赏。写作过程：（1）审题：_（2）列出相关词汇短语：_.（3）谋篇：_.（4）写作：_答案：（1）审题：叙述一个故事，时态用一般现在时（2）列出相关词汇短语：disability, clumsy, annoy, be of benefit to, encourage, congratulate. on. , accessible, be particular about, ambition, dignity, remarkable, admiration（3）谋篇：all in all, in addition,（4）范文：The Soldiers Sortie is a very popular TV play series. There is a character named Xu Sanduo, a man who is often thought to have mental disabilities. He looks clumsy, in other words, a little stupid. It was due to his fault that his class is left far behind others. It makes the fellows in army even some leaders annoyed. Many of them consider him to be of no benefit to the staff. All in all, they all dislike him. But the monitor, unlike others, always believes Xu sanduo. When Sanduo loses heart, the monitor is so accessible that he encourages him in time. He also congratulates Sanduo on his progress. It was the monitor who helps him to hold on.In fact，Xu sanduo isnt stupid at all. The new environment makes him timid. In addition, the army is very particular about the members, so its a little difficult for him to adapt to the new surroundings. In reality, he has his own ambition and his own dignity. He ignores being laughed at and works hard to become better. Of course, with the perseverance and others help, he becomes remarkable and gets much admiration.解析：1这篇作文用到很多本单元的知识点，如：disability, clumsy, annoy, be of benefit to, encourage, congratulate on , accessible, be particular about, ambition, dignity, remarkable, admiration；以及本单元重点句型：it is+ adj. + to do和动词不定式just to do.2在写作过程的第二步（列出相关词汇短语），可以作为brainstorm的训练，列出所有自己能想到的词汇及短语，及连接词等等。3为了得到高分，同学一定要注意长短句的交替使用.要想凸显你的英文水平，最好能用几个复杂句式。如：定语从句，状语从句，强调句。4平时多背些好的范文，很有用处的。主要是学习一下，范文的谋篇布局，高级词汇，优美句式和过渡词的运用。 动词不定式的用法撰稿：宁丽娜 审稿：夏芳莲 责编：杨淑燕动词不定式由：“to +动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式具有名词特征，可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的用法：作主语。不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语动词后，用it 作形式主语。To see is to believe.It is possible to live an independent and fulfilling life.(P4)作宾语。不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。常见的带不定式作宾语的动词，begin, continue, hope, decide, want, wish, try, learn, afford, agree, manage, refuse等等。He wanted to go.I find it interesting to study English.I have learned to adapt to my disability.(P2)作宾语补足语。(ask, tell, order, cause, allow, want, like , advise, force, permit, get等)He asked me to do the work with him.注意：在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to，但是这些句子如果变成被动结构，就必须带to。I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.She was invited to become the headteacher of the first online school for disabled students.(P4)作定语。不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面。Let us give him something to eat.He is looking for a room to live in.The family village website gives ordinary young people with a disability the chance to tell their personal stories.(P2)作状语。表目的，原因，结果或条件。目的状语可用：in order to, so as toI came here to see you.Check your composition so as to avoid mistakes.Next year he will be trained to be a teacher.(P1)结果状语可用：enough to, soas to, tooto, only toHe lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.Some days I was too tired to get out of bed.(P2)原因状语可用：sb.+ adj.+to doI am glad to help you.She was proud to have recently represented her country.(P1)条件状语To look at him, you would like him.作表语。My job is to help patients.His ambition is to become an actor.(P1)作独立成分。To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.常见的词还有：to be frank(坦白地说)，to be exact（确切地说）, to begin with(首先)。不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how ,what, 等连用在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，宾语和表语等。He didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is very important.So they dont know how to make me well.(P2)不带to的不定式1）在使役动词feel, hear, listen to, make, let, have, see, look at, watch, notice, observe后不定式作宾补时省略to。2）在would rather(would sooner, had rather, had sooner)than, rather than等结构的than之后用不带to的不定式。 I would rather go than stay. He insisted on going back to his work rather than stay in hospital.3）在以why引导的疑问句中不带to。 Why worry about it? Why not do it right now?4）在cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but之后的不定式不带to。 I cannot but admire his courage.5）不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的 各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。 She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swimming? I have no choice but to accept the fact.6）为了避免重复，有时候不定式可省去to。 Im really puzzled what to think or say.7）不定式作表语时，在下列情况下可省略to：当含do的定语从句或含do的不定式修饰all, all that thing, the only(first, last) thing,且它们是该主句（该句）的主语时，作表语的不定式的to可省去。All we do is (to) work.All that thing I want to do now is (to) drink some water.The only thing to do is (to) run away.The first thing to do is (to) have breakfast.当主语时含do的主语从句时，作表语的不定式的to 可省。What I want to do is (to) take a holiday.What you do now is (to) bring me a cup of tea.当主语是以动词say作谓语的定语从句所修饰的all时，作表语的不定式的to可省。All they said is hurry up.链接高考【考例1】I send you 100 dollars, the rest_ in a year.(05湖南) A.follows B. followed C. to follow D. being following【答案与解析】C。逻辑主语the rest与follow之间的关系为逻辑上的主动关系，故排除B.D两项。而A项follows为谓语动词，题干句逗号后没有连词不能跟句子，因此也被排除。句中的in a year暗示将来，所以用不定式表将来作逻辑谓语，与the rest构成独立主格结构。【考例2】-The last one _ pays the meal. 07全国 -Agreed! A.arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving【答案与解析】C。最后到的人付饭钱。同意！题干选项应在句中作定语，修饰the last one,当序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词后带定语时，此定语应由不定式充当，所以选项A,B,D均被排除。此句也可说成The last to arrive pays the meal.【考例3】_ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making【答案与解析】 C。本题考查动词不定式表目的。【考例4】Franks dream was to have his own shop_ to produce the workings of his own hands. （ 05湖南）A. that B. in which C. by which D. how【答案与解析】B。介词+which +不定式作定语，其作用和定语从句差不多。在商店里要用in。巩固练习：1. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. （07江西）A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained2._ the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly.（07上海）A. To ensure B. Ensuring C. Having ensured D. To have ensured3.He hurried to the station only_ that the train had left.(05广东)A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found4.Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit5. Helen had to shout_ above the sound of the music.（04山东）Amaking herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself heard6.There is nothing more I can try_ you to say, so I wish you good luck.A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade7.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break8.There are five pairs_, but Im at a loss which to buy.A. to be choose B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing9.I suggested the thief_ into prison.A. referred to being put B. referred be putC. referred to be putD. referred should be put10.His feature story opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each_ one major point in contrast with th