五种基本句型

五种基本句型 基本句型一： i （主谓） 基本句型二： t （主谓宾） 基本句型三： Link （主系表） 基本句型四： tInO DO （主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五： t （主谓宾宾补）主语：动作发出者谓语：主语发出的动作宾语：动作的承受者补语：补充说明主语或宾语状语：表示时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、程度、比较等基本句型一： i （主谓） 此句型有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 i （不及物动词）1. The sun was shining. 1. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon rose. 2. 月亮升起了。3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 3.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。4. Who cares? 4. 管它呢？5. What he saiddoes not matter. 5. 他所讲的没有什么关系。6. They talked for half an hour. 6. 他们谈了半个小时。 基本句型二 t（主谓宾） 此句型的共同点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 t（及物动词） （宾语） 1. Who knows the answer? 1. 谁知道答案？2. She thanked her mother. 2. 她感谢了她的母亲。3. He is making a cake. 3. 他正在做蛋糕。4. He enjoys reading. 4. 他喜欢看书。5. They ate what was left over. 5. 他们吃了剩饭6. He said Good morning. 6. 他说：“早上好！”7. I want to have a cup of tea. 7. 我想喝杯茶8. He watches TV. 8. 他看电视。 基本句型 三 Link （主系表）此句型有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：一类表示情况如be, look, keep, seem等；另一类，表示变化如get, grow, become, turn等。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。 Link（是系动词） （表语） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 1. 这是本英汉辞典。2. The dinner smells good. 2. 午餐的气味很好。3. He feels a little tired. 3. 他感到有点累。4. Everything looks different. 4. 一切看来都不同了。5. He is growing tall and strong. 5. 他长得又高又壮。6. The trouble is that they are short of money. 6. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。7. Our well goes dry. 7. 我们的井干枯了。8. His face turned red. 8. 他的脸红了。基本句型四 tInO DO（主谓间宾直宾） 此句型有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动的直接承受者（多指物），另一个是动作的间接承受者（多指人）。 t（及物 InO（多指人） DO（多指物） 1. She is making herself a new dress. 1. 她正在给自己制作一套新衣裳。2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 2. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美餐。3. He buys you a dictionary. 3. 他给你买了一本字典。4. He passes her nothing. 4. 他什么也没有传给她。5. I am showing him my pictures. 5. 我正把我的照片给他看。6. I will give my car a wash. 6. 我要洗我的汽车。 7. He tells us funny stories. 7. 他给我们讲奇怪的故事。 当这一间接承受者放在直接承受者之后时，要用一个介词（for或to）来连接。可以用于这种句式动词主要有： (A) buy / build / catch / cut/ choose / cook / find / get / keep / make / draw / do如：He bought me a new bike. 也可以改为for sb. 的句式 He bought a new bike for me.(B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw / offer / hand如：She lent me a book. 也可以改为 to sb. 的句式 She lent a book to me.注意：当两宾语都为代词时，必须用介词把人放后面。eg: Please give it to me.基本句型五 t （主谓宾宾补） 此句型的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 （及物） （宾语）（宾补） 1. They are painting the door green. 1.他们正把门漆成绿色。2. They find the house empty 2.他们发现那房子无人居住。3. What makes him so happy? 3.是什么使他如此高兴？4. We saw him out. 4. 我们送他出去。5. He asked me to come back soon. 5.他要我早点回来。 6. I saw them getting on the bus. 6.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。可以用于这种句式的动词主要有:let / have / make sb. do sth.ask / want / tell / allow / wish / get / expect / encourage / invite / teach sb. to do sth.find / see / hear / watch / notice / feel sb. do sth./sb. doing sth.help sb. (to) do sth 但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五为例：We find the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。We find the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We find the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We find the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。不同的动词使用的句型不一样，相同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样, 因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：Hes getting angry. (S V P)He got through the window. (S V)Youll get a surprise. (S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)He got himself into trouble. (S V O)He got her a nice present. (S V O O) 句子中词性和词的位置也影响句子的意义:I found the book easily. 我很容易地找到了这本书。 （S V O）I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 （S V O C）I have to do something. 我得做点事。 （S V O）I have something to do. 我有点事做。 （S V O）练习：1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. His face turned red. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 1. The sun was shining. 2. The moon rose. 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly. 1. Who knows the answer?2. He enjoys reading. 3. He admits that he was mistaken. 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 2. I showed him my pictures. 3. He bought you a dictionary.4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine.1. They painted the door green. 2. They found the house deserted. 3. What makes him think so?.4. We sawhim out. 5. He asked me to come back soon. 6. I saw them getting on the bus at that time. 1.The boy is asleep (_式)2.The boy is sleeping. (_式)3.The boy is playing the guitar. (_式) 4.He is playing happily. (_式)5.His music is very beautiful. (_式) 6.It is beautiful music. (_式)1. She is a very good girl . (_式) 2. The girl is very good. (_式)3. They laughed. (_式) 4. The kites fly in the sky. (_式) 5. I bought a new bike. (_式) 6. He plays volleyball. (_式)7. She told me a story. (_式) 8. He gave me a good book. (_式)9.He asked me to help him. (_式)10.He made me happy. (_式)1. He looked unhappy at that time.2. My favourite sports are swimming and skating.3. I am very good at English.4. I was so pleased to hear from you.5. On the other side of the road there is a new classroom/teaching building.6. In the library there are all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines.7. It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000.8. It is getting darker and darker.9. The food tastes delicious.10. The story sounds very interesting.1. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990.2. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together.3. The time passed quickly.4. Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years.5. The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed.6. Its economy has developed rapidly in the past ten years.7. The young man fell down on the ground hard.8. He used to get up early in the morning.1. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition.2. In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps.3. The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.4. We also planted a lot of trees in and around the school.5. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers.6. He lost the money on his way home.7. About 9 oclock last night, I was doing my homework.8. Talent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July 18.9. In the afternoon, Ill sho w you around and take you to some places of interest.10. Im looking forward to meeting you soon.1. Mr Wang taught us English last year.2. Tomorrow Ill write him a letter and tell him the good news.3. They offered him a job, but he turned it down.4. On my 14th birthday, Father bought me a new bike.5. It took me two hours to finish my homework last night.6. Excuse me, can I ask you a question?1. I saw the kids/children playing by the river at that time.2. We are making our country more and more beautiful.3. When I got to the classroom, I found nobody in.4. I had my wallet stolen on a bus yesterday afternoon.5. I noticed Kate reading in the library all the morning.6. Father asked/got me to bring him some newspapers.1. The noise was so loud that I couldnt go on studying.2. Im so glad to learn that youre coming in September.3. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves.4. The car hit the man while he was crossing the road.5. I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon.6. After hearing what I said, my neighbor apologized to