北京市牛栏山一中2020届高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）（通用）

北京市牛栏山一中2020届高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）第一部分:知识运用(共两节，45分)第一节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Just _1_ (locate) in east of the Forbidden City, the Dongsi hutongs are one of the _2_(old) residential neighborhoods in Beijing. Over the past years, these hutongs _3_(undergo) major restoration as the city and its residents both struggle to find a balance between traditional and modern values.【答案】1. located2. oldest 3. have undergone【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，简单介绍了北京的东四胡同的情况。位于故宫的东边，东四胡同是北京年代最久的胡同之一。过去这么多年来，随着城市和居民都努力地要找到传统价值和现代价值之间的平衡，这些胡同经历了主要的整修。【1题详解】考查过去分词作状语。句意：位于故宫的东边，东四胡同是北京年代最久的胡同之一。句子主语the Dongsi hutongs和locate之间为动宾关系，所以要用到located的形式。故填located。【2题详解】考查形容词的最高级。句意：东四胡同是北京年代最久的胡同之一。用法上形容词的最高级之前用冠词the，另外one of the +最高级，表示：之一，故填oldest。【3题详解】考查现在完成时。句意：过去这么多年来，随着城市和居民都努力地要找到传统价值和现代价值之间的平衡，这些胡同经历了主要的整修。根据现在完成时的用法：在含有时间状语over/during/in the past years的句子中，主句使用现在完成时。故填have undergone。【点睛】完成这道题的关键在于充分掌握相应的语法和搭配。如第1小题：完成试题时，若能通过分析句子，知道句子主语：the Dongsi hutongs和locate 之间的逻辑关系为动宾关系，又因为主句为主（the Dongsi hutong）系（are）表(one of the in Beijing),即可知道主句之前的部分为状语。所以locate要用过去分词；第2小题：了解了one of the +最高级，表示：之一，本道题就迎刃而解；第3小题，充分掌握了现在完成时的用法特点：在含有时间状语over/during/in the past years的句子中，主句使用现在完成时，答案就显而易见了。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Tea is an important part of Chinese tradition. As Chinese society developed and progressed, tea production has played a role in driving economic development while drinking tea has remained a practice of daily life.The practice of tea culture can bring the spirit and wisdom of human beings to a higher level. Tea has an _4_ (extreme) close relationship to Chinese culture, and its study _5_ (cover) a wide field and has very rich content. There is no doubt _6_ it has been beneficial in improving social _7_ (achieve) and peoples appreciation of art.【答案】4. extremely5. covers 6. that7. achievements【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了中国传统文化：茶，在社会发展和进步中的意义：茶文化的实践可以把人类的精神和智慧提高到一个更高的水平。【4题详解】考查副词。句意： 茶对中国文化有着极为密切的关系，横线后close relationship为名词短语，close为形容词，根据用法，形容词之前要用副词修饰，用extremely。 故填extremely。【5题详解】考查动词。句意：其研究包含了广泛的领域，内容十分丰富。由句中and 可以知道前后分句之间的时态一致，都用现在时，因为主语its study为第三人称，所以谓语用单数。故填covers。【6题详解】考查连接词。句意： 毫无疑问，它有利于提高人们的社会成就和艺术鉴赏能力。句中：There is no doubt that “毫无疑问，可以肯定的是”为固定结构。其中that引导的是同位语从句。故填that。【7题详解】考查名词。句意同上题解析。句意：在提高人们的社会成就和艺术鉴赏能力方面。横线前social为形容词，形容词修饰名词，所以需要填名词。作为“成就”时，其为可数名词。故填achievements。【点睛】掌握相关词的使用习惯对完成语法填空题，起着重要的作用。第1小题，根据题干，横线后为形容词，了解形容词之前要用副词即可完成答案。第3小题，由固定用法结构：There is no doubt that，就可知道答案为that；第4小题，横线前social为形容词，形容词修饰名词，所以需要填名词。在学习中，积累词的使用习惯和固定结构，在完成习题中可以起到事半功倍的效果。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Billions of poor people around the world _8_ (depend) on the use of wood for cooking. And as they take more and more firewood from wild areas, they are destroying habitats around the world. Wood collection is one reason why many animals have become endangered. This is _9_ Dr. Metcalf spends each summer in Africa. He wants to teach women and children in villages how to cook with the sun. He helped create Solar Cookers International. Its an organization _10_ introduces solar cookers to developing countries as well as teaching people how to use them.【答案】8. depend/are depending9. why 10. that/which【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。由客观事实人们依赖木材来烹饪，引起动物栖息地的破坏，从而使许多动物变成濒危动物，说明Dr. Metcalf（梅特卡夫博士）建立Solar Cookers International（国际太阳能炊具公司）的原因：教会人们如何使用阳光来烹饪。【8题详解】考查时态。句意：全世界数十亿穷人依靠木材做饭。结合语境可知，这是一个事实情况。所以使用一般现在时表示客观事实。另外，使用现在进行时，可以表示逐渐变化的趋势。故填：depend /are depending。【9题详解】考查连接词。句意： 这是Dr. Metcalf（梅特卡夫博士）每年夏天都会去非洲的原因。分析句式可知，连同横线在内之后的内容在主句中做表语。引导表语从句表原因，故填why。【10题详解】考查关系代词。句意：这个组织向发展中国家介绍太阳能炊具，并教人们如何使用它们。句中organization为先行词，其后的句子为定语从句。先行词在定语从句中做主语，因为先行词organization指物，关系代词用which/that。故填which/that。【点睛】解决复合句的关键在于：正确分析主句和从句。所以，掌握好简单句的句式对于分析句子起着至关重要的作用。第2 小题，主句是主（this）系（is）表结构，而表语是一个完整的句子，在意义上缺少原因状语，所以填写why。第3小题，主句：这是一个组织。为主系表结构，随后的句子是对organization做限定修饰，为定语从句。另外organization在定语从句中做主语，且指物，所以关系代词用which/that。第二节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分)11-30阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Keep a Checklist in Your MindWhen I was about seven or eight years old, I remember going into the barn（马厩）one evening where my father was doing jobs that he had to do regularly. I was surprised to see him _11_ his hat backwards. It looked_12_.When I asked Dad _13_ his hat was on backwards, he smiled and gave me an explanation. It seemed there was a large water_14_ for the cattle that had to be filled every day. Because it took a long time to finish it, he would _15_ the water on and then go about doing other things like cleaning the barn or _16_the cattle, which usually cost him twenty minutes or even more time. The_17_ , of course, was that if he forgot to turn the water off, the tank would overflow, and water would be wasted and it would make a _18_.Then he told me the _19_he had his hat turned around. When he finished his jobs and began to take off his work clothes, he would notice as he_20_ his hat that the visor（帽舌）was not where it was supposed to be. This would_21_ him the water was still running and he would go back to the barn and tum it_22_.I saw my father develop many other_23_over the years. And I never forgot how helpful and _24_ they are. Some may have even been life-saving. As we all know, sometimes people forget things and make mistakes _25_ they may try their best. Using good methods can help them_26_ more effectively. Instead of _27_people-or yourself-for mistakes, youd better look for some ways that will help them in _28_ what they truly wish to do.This could be practical, and as simple as a checklist. Now Ive_29_a lot of them, such as putting my car keys in the same place every time. It could be having someone _30_ your work and it could also be a computer program that finds out whether your calculations are correct.11. A. passingB. wearingC. holdingD. taking12. A. terribleB. ordinaryC. impoliteD. funny13. A. whetherB. howC. whyD. where14. A. tankB. poolC. pipeD. bottle15. A. putB. bringC. carryD. turn16. A. beatingB. feedingC. sellingD. pulling17. A. dangerB. conflictC. purposeD. secret18. A. decisionB. demandC. messD. choice19. A. pressureB. methodC. functionD. reason20. A. raisedB. removedC. heldD. threw21. A. confuseB. attractC. remindD. disturb22. A. downB. onC. upD. off23. A. systemsB. businessesC. productsD. programs24. A. comfortableB. valuableC. expensiveD. traditional25. A. untilB. becauseC. thoughD. after26. A. operateB. reduceC. struggleD. respond27. A. comparingB. judgingC. examiningD. blaming28. A. providingB. achievingC. imaginingD. treating29. A. affectedB. observedC. employedD. corrected30. A. checkB. adjustC. selectD. predict【答案】11. B 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过列举父亲朝后带帽子的例子告诉我们要养成处理事情的有效方法。【11题详解】考查动词辨析。A. passing经过；B. wearing穿；佩戴；C. holding握住；D. taking拿走；我很惊讶地发现父亲朝后带着帽子，看起来很滑稽。动词wear与his hat利用，表示佩戴。故B项正确。【12题详解】考查形容词辨析及常识。A. terrible可怕的；B. ordinary普通的；C. impolite不礼貌的；D. funny滑稽的；人们通常带帽子都是朝前带着，而父亲却朝后带。与众不同似乎很滑稽。所以我就问他为什么要这样做。故D项正确。【13题详解】考查上下文串联及宾语从句。人们通常带帽子都是朝前，而父亲却朝后。与众不同似乎很滑稽。因为我很好奇，所以就问他为什么要这样做。连词why引导宾语从句，在句中做原因状语。故C项正确。【14题详解】考查上下文串联。根据第7空后“was that if he forgot to turn the water off, the tank would overflow”可知在马厩里有一个大的水箱，里面有很多水让动物饮用。故A项正确。【15题详解】考查动词短语辨析。短语put on增加；穿上；turn on打开；因为水箱装满水需要很长时间，所以父亲打开水龙头以后就去做其他的事情了。故D项正确。【16题详解】考查动词辨析。A. beating击打；击败；B. feeding喂养；C. selling卖，出售；D. pulling拉；父亲在马厩里干活，喂牛喂马是正常的事情。故B项正确。【17题详解】考查名词辨析。A. danger危险；B. conflict冲突；C. purpose目的；D. secret秘密；他去做其他事情带来的危险可能是他忘记关掉水，这样一来就会有水漫出来了。故A项正确。【18题详解】考查名词辨析。A. decision决定；B. demand要求；C. mess混乱；D. choice选择；当水漫出来以后，一方面水被浪费了，另外一方面会让马厩里一片混乱。故C项正确。【19题详解】考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. pressure压力；B. method方法；C. function功能；D. reason原因；第3空提及我问父亲为什么要朝后带着帽子，本句是父亲向我解释的理由。故D项正确。【20题详解】考查动词辨析。A. raised提高；B. removed去除；C. held握住；D. threw扔掉；当他做完工作以后开始脱掉衣服，拿掉帽子的时候他会注意到帽舌不在应该在的地方。这提醒他水还在流着。句中remove表示脱掉衣服。故B项正确。【21题详解】考查动词辨析。A. confuse使困惑；B. attract吸引；C. remind提醒，使想起；D. disturb打断，打扰；拿掉帽子的时候他会注意到帽舌不在应该在的地方。这提醒他水还在流着，于是他会过去把水关掉。故C项正确。22题详解】考查固定短语。短语turn down拒绝，调低；turn on打开；turn up调高，出现；turn off关闭；拿掉帽子的时候他会注意到帽舌不在应该在的地方。这提醒他水还在流着，于是他会过去把水关掉。故D项正确。【23题详解】考查名词辨析。A. systems系统；B. businesses生意；C. products产品；D. programs项目，节目；本句可以使用排除法。父亲把帽子反着带是提醒自己不要忘记关水，这不是生意产品和项目，而是一套有序的提醒系统。故A项正确。【24题详解】考查形容词辨析及上下文串联。A. comfortable舒服的；B. valuable贵重的，重要的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. traditional传统的；我从来都没有忘记父亲的那些系统是多么的有帮助和重要；形容词helpful和valuable是并列结构，修饰the systems。故B项正确。【25题详解】考查连词辨析。A. until直到才；B. because因为；C. though尽管；D. after在以后；尽管人们已经全力以赴了，但有时候仍然会忘记事情会犯错误。根据句意可知上下文是转折关系，故C项正确。【26题详解】考查动词辨析。A. operate操作；管理；B. reduce减少；C. struggle努力；斗争；D. respond回应；尽管人们已经全力以赴了，但有时候仍然会忘记事情会犯错误。使用好的方法会让他们的管理更加有效。BCD三项与句意不搭配。故A项正确。27题详解】考查动词辨析。A. comparing比较；B. judging判断；C. examining检查；D. blaming责备；当出现问题的时候，不要责备他人或你自己，你最好找到一些方法来帮助他们做得想要做到的事情。故D项正确。【28题详解】考查动词辨析。A. providing提供；B. achieving实现，做到；C. imagining想象；D. treating对待，治疗；当出现问题的时候，不要责备他人或你自己，你最好找到一些方法来帮助他们做得他们想要做到的事情。动词achieve与what they truly wish to do连用，表示实现他们想做的事情。故B项正确。【29题详解】考查动词辨析。A. affected影响；B. observed观察；C. employed雇佣，使用；D. corrected纠正；现在我已经使用了很多这样的好方法，例如总是把汽车钥匙放在同一个地方。句中employ表示使用，符合上下文语境。故C项正确。【30题详解】考查动词辨析及上下文串联。A. check核对；B. adjust适应；C. select精选；D. predict预测；使用这些方法可以让别人来检查你的工作，也可以让计算机核查你的计算是否正确。A项与后半句中的finds out形成呼应。故A项正确。【点睛】本文小题3考查了语法和上下文串联。父亲朝后带着帽子，显得很滑稽。因为我很好奇，所以就问他为什么要这样做。连词why引导宾语从句，在句中做原因状语。在解完形填空时，我们可以利用语法关联，推理最佳选项。虽然高考完型填空的考查越来越淡化语法，但一个语义连贯的语篇必须通过省略、指代、时间或地点关联等语法关系来实现。因此，命题人常利用这些关联“制造语境”，设置考点。考生解题时可利用这些语法关系对句子进行分析、判断并推理出最佳选项。例1： I was too busy_55_the restaurant I would open one day.（湖南卷）A. imagining B. preparing C. examining D. describing析：如果不看下文时态，很难确定选项。但55空后would表明“我”将在未来某一天开自己的饭店，从而推知现在只是在忙着“想象”将来的情景，故答案为A。例2： That day, he (Lang Lang) told his father_45_he had been waiting to hearthat he wanted to study with a new teacher.（辽宁卷）45. A. that B. what C. which D. when析：这一篇辽宁卷完形填空讲述了青年钢琴家郎朗年幼时学钢琴的故事。解答此题的关键在于确定第二个he的指代对象。如果他指Lang Lang，则句子不但在语法上错误，而且在语义上也讲不通。可见45空要选一个既能引导宾语从句，又能在从句中当hear的宾语的词，在四个待选词中只有what才能胜任，所以应选B。破折号之后的that从句是what的同位语从句。第二部分:阅读理解(共两节，40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，共30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADear Koko,Ive learned about you from my amazing teacher. I think its fun that you can communicate with us humans by using the sign language. Ive spent a lot of time watching you in different videos and love you from the bottom of my heart.Its heartbreaking to learn about all of the cruel things done to gorillas (大猩猩). In Africa, for example, the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat. They dont understand the influence their actions are having on gorillas. Another thing is the loss of gorillas natural home, which is caused by the improved infrastructure such as building roads and airports. When we cut down trees, you become homeless. We take away your shelter and sources of food, leaving you with very little chance of survival.Some of my classmates are writing to the relevant departments about these serious problems. Hopefully these letters will make a difference during your lifetime. Over the past three months, my class has been researching on gorillas, and Ive learned so many things. For example, Ive learned that you have a lot of feelings similar to mine and you are always so careful with everything you do. I think that you are really worth saving.Weve come up with many ideas to help you and your fellows. One of the best ideas is to communicate with the President of the World Bank and have him give more financial support to the organizations for gorillas. Another idea is to make public laws on the killers. I also think we need to keep educating people about gorillas.I love writing to you and hope you can understand how important youve become to our class. Would it be too much to ask for a return letter?Mike31. According to the passage, Koko is probably _.A. a killer of gorillasB. a member of the gorilla familyC. an expert on gorillasD. a governor in charge of gorillas32. What is mainly talked about in the second paragraph?A. The problems gorillas face at present.B. The danger gorillas cause for humans.C. The unique characteristic gorillas have.D. The natural environment gorillas live in.33. The author suggests that _.A. gorillas should be protected in nature reservesB. killers for gorillas should be legally responsibleC. organizations should be set up to protect gorillasD. people should make donations to gorilla protection【答案】31. B 32. A 33. B【解析】本文是写给大猩猩的一封信，信中讲述了大猩猩当前的悲惨遭遇及人类采取的保护措施。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段I think its fun that you can communicate with us humans by using the sign language.第二段When we cut down trees, you become homeless. We take away your shelter and sources of food, leaving you with very little chance of survival.第三段I think that you are really worth saving.等信息可判断收信人Koko可能是一只大猩猩，故选B。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段all of the cruel things done to gorillas. the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat. Another thing is the loss of gorillas natural home等信息可知本段主要是描述了大猩猩当前被捕杀和家园被破坏的不幸遭遇，故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Another idea is to make public laws on the killers.可知作者建议制定关于杀害大猩猩凶手的法律，他们应该为自己所做的事负法律责任。故选B。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。小题2根据第二段all of the cruel things done to gorillas. the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat. Another thing is the loss of gorillas natural home等信息可知本段主要是描述了大猩猩当前被捕杀和家园被破坏的不幸遭遇。BMany of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.34. What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste.D. They are rich in antioxidants.35. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better.B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening.D. To improve their nutrition.36. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.37. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A research paper.D. A travel brochure.【答案】34. C 35. B 36. D 37. B【解析】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的7月，这时候各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。【34题详解】细节理解题。题干问的是，作者喜欢樱桃什么。根据第二段中As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares?（至于樱桃，因为它们很好吃谁在乎呢?）可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故选C。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.可知，往香蕉上滴新鲜的柠檬汁是为了防止香蕉变成褐色，故新鲜的柠檬汁是被用来保持香蕉的颜色的。故选B。【36题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below可知，孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部，然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出a juicer就是一台机器。故选D。【37题详解】文章出处题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们可以用a juicer为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。A项意为：生物教科书；B项意为：一本健康杂志；C项意为：一篇研究论文；D项意为：一本旅游手册。故选B。点睛：做词义猜测题时我们要注意观察，划线单词的构成结构。如本题背划线的单词是juicer，我们都知道“er”是单词的后缀。它既可以表示人，又可以表示物。如：cleaner既可以表示清洁工，又可以表示清洁工具。根据下文中的意思，可以判断出本题中的a juicer是表示物。CCalifornia has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).But in comparing a study of California forests don