Module6 Films and TV Programmes知识精讲 外研社

Module6 Films and TV Programmes知识精讲一. 本周教学内容：Module 6 Films and TV Programmes二. 重难点讲解：1. act （actor, actress）n. 行为；举动something that one doesIt is a noble act.这是一种高尚的行为。an act of kindness译：帮助盲人过马路是一种好事。n. 法令；条例law that parliament has madeThe Company Act was passed.公司条例被通过了。n. （戏剧）幕part of a playThere is an interval between the third and fourth acts.第三和第四幕之间有一次休息。n. （马戏、杂耍）一段表演piece of entertainmentthe clowns amusing act小丑逗人发笑的表演vi. 行动do somethingWe ve talked enough; its time to act!咱们谈论够多的了；该行动了！用before造句他考虑了很久才行动。vi. 根据行事，做do sth. in accordance with or as a result ofI cant act this way.我不能这样做。译：你简直象个小孩。vi. 演戏，表演perform on the stage as an actorShe acted quite well.她演得很好。My sister is acting tonight.我妹妹今晚演出。及物动词 vt. 扮演；表演be in a play, film, etc.Last week a new play was acted.上星期演出一出新戏。She acted the part of Liu Hulan very well.她扮演刘胡兰这个角色很出色。2. charactern. 性格；品质the qualities which make a person different from another; moral natureSports help to train a persons character.运动有助于锻炼人们的性格。He seems to be a man of good character.看来他是一个品格优良的人。n.C 人物；角色a person in a book, play, etc.Dr. Watson is a character in the Sherlock Holmes stories.华生医生是福尔摩斯探案故事中的一个人物。n. 字体；记号a letter, figure, or sign used in writing or printingThe bell bears an inscription in Chinese characters.那只钟上有汉字题词。3. leapv. 跳，跳过 jump; jump overCan you leap the wall?你能跳过墙吗？I leap for joy at the good news.我一听到这个好消息高兴得跳了起来。n. 跳跃the act of leaping; a jump or spring35年前的今天，美国东部时间，1969年7月20日，22时56分20秒，月球表面上踏出了人类的第一个脚印。 阿姆斯特朗面对沉睡已久的月球大地宣布：“对一个人来说，这只不过是小小的一步，可对全人类来说，这却是一个巨大的飞跃！” 3. gracefuladj. 优美的；雅致的beautiful and pleasing; full of graceThe girl is a graceful speaker.这个女孩讲话十分优雅。gracefully adv.文雅地gracen.U 优美；雅致charm, beauty; beauty in movementShe dances with a lot of grace.她跳舞跳得很优美。4. interestv. 使感兴趣，引起关心make someone want to know more about it or himI talked to the sailor for a long time because he interested me.我和那个水手谈了很久因为他使我很感兴趣。n. 兴趣；关心wanting to know or learn about something or someone because it is important to youThe book caused great interest and argument.这本书引起了人们极大的兴趣和争论。He read the news with interest.他津津有味地读了这一消息。I have the least interest in your plan.我对你的计划一点兴趣都没有。n. 利润，福利，利益，好处profit, benefit, advantage, goodHe always puts the interests of the people before his own.他总是把人民的利益置于个人利益之上。n. 利息payment made for the use of moneyHe lent me the money as 5 percent interest.他以五分的利息借我一笔线。I repaid him with interest.我连本加利偿还了他。5. occasionallyadv. 偶然地sometimesOccasionally I try to write poems.我偶尔也试着写几首诗。He writes very occasionally.他不常写（信）。6. arguev. 争论offer reason for or against somethingJust do as youre told and dont argue.你就照办吧，不要争论了。翻译：你们在辩论什么？v. 说服；劝导lead or persuade by arguingI argue him into taking a rest.我劝他休息一下。He argued that she should not go.他坚持说她不应去。v. 表明；证明show; proveWhat he has done argues him to be a good cadre.他的行为表明他是个好干部。【典型例题】阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AIts not only rocket scientists and journalists who are following the course of “Shenzhou V” , or “Divine ship/vessel V” .There are also lexicographers, or dictionary compilers. The flight of the Spacecraft last week might help put some new words into orbit.One of them is a western media coinage used to refer to the Chinese astronauts. It s a combination of the Chinese pinyin “taikong”, meaning space, and the English “astronaut” , from classical Greek: “star sailor/navigator” , for people who was going into space as a career.In the Reuters and AP reports of October 15, “taikonaut” was used as a proper noun. For example:The long March 2F rocket carrying “taikonaut” Yang Liwei lifted off into a clear blue sky over the Gobi desert at 9 am and entered its orbit 10 minutes later.A Long March 2F rocket called the Shemhou V“divine ship” in Chinese carried a single “taikonaut” named Yang Liwei, 38 , following Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin and American Alan Shepard in 1961.The word “taikonaut” is not a newly coined term. It first emerged in November, 1999, when China launched its first unmanned “Shenzhou I” spacecraft.At that lime, some English news media predicted that China would soon launch a manned space flight and created the word “taikonaut” for the Chinese astronauts. It was then borrowed by the Germans media.But it was left out of mainstream dictionaries, such as the Merriam- Webster Dictionary and Cambridge Advanced English Learners Dictionary.However, the launch of the “Shenzhou V” will most likely help boost its status since there is already a word referring specifically to Russian astronauts in the dictionary entry.An astronaut of Russian（or the former Soviet Union）is called a “cosmonaut”, from the Russian “kosmonaut”. The word was derived from classical Greek: “kosmonaut”（universal）and “nautes” . One might argue that “cosmonaut” is a Russian variation on the earlier word “astronaut” .On March 14,1995, US astronaut Norman Thagard became the first American to ride into space on-board a Russian launch vehicle, arguably making him the first American cosmonaut.And if this trend of coinage continues, more English variations for astronaut will appear as more countries are able to send their own astronauts into outer space, what would Western journalists call an astronaut from India or Africa? Well have to wait to see.1. Which of the following best suits the passage as a title?A. Why to Create the Word “Astronaut”?B. Why to Make a Lot of Variations for “Taikonaut”?C. How to Tell a “Taikonaut”from an Astronaut?D. How to Call Astronauts from Different Countries?2. Which is the right statement in the following sentence?A. The word “taikonaut” was born with the launch of “Shenzhou V” spacecraft.B. Yang Liwei, Yuri Gagarin and Alan Shepard are all excellent taikonauts.C. The American newspapers such as Reuters coined the word “taikonaut”.D. Some new words have widely been put into use with the launch of the “Shenzhou V” spacecraft.3. From the writers point of view,_.A. lexicographers or dictionary compilers have also done a lot of things to help launch “Shenzhou V”B. the American astronaut Norman Thagard is not a cosmonautC. the words coined or to be coined for astronauts of different countries usually have something to do with the name（s）of their countriesD. the reason why there will be more variations for the word astronauts is that more and more countries will be able to send their own astronauts into space4. What does the underlined word “coinage” mean in the passage?A. System of coins in use. B. Invention of word.C. New meaning of a word. D. Discovery of an old word.答案：1. C 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了因为中国载人航天事业的发展而派生的一个新英语词汇“taikonaut”的由来。故C最佳。2. D 细节题。根据The flight of the Spacecraft last week might help put some new words into orbit可知，随着“神舟5号”的发射升空，可能会诞生更多的新词汇。3. D 细节题。根据more English variations for “astronaut” will appear，as more countries are able to send their own astronauts into outer space可知，astronauts之所以有这么多的派生词，是因为越来越多的国家能把自己国家的宇航员送上太空。故D项正确。4.B 词义猜测题。我们可以通过它的派生词coined来帮助我们推测词义。文中有句话The word “taikonaut” is not a newly coined term。由知可知coinage是“新创词汇”的意思。BThe 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded jointly to Paul C. Lauterbur （USA）and Peter Mansfielf （UK）, for their discoveries concerning “Magnetic resonance imaging （磁共振成像技术）”. Imaging of human internal organs with exact and non-invasive（非侵入人体的）methods is very important for medical diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2020 is awarded to the South African writer John Maxwell Coetzee, “who in innumerable guises（伪装）portrays（描绘）the surprising involvement of the outsider.” J.M. Coetzees novels are characterised by their well-crafted composition, meaningful dialogue and analytical brilliance. But at the same time he is a careful doubter, ruthless（无情的）in his criticism of the cruel rationalism（唯理论）and cosmetic morality of Western civilization. A fundamental theme in Coetzees novels involves the values and conduct resulting from South Africas apartheid（种族隔离）system, which, in his view, could arise anywhere.The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2020 to Shirin Ebadi（Iran）, for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children. Her principal arena is the struggle for basic human rights, and she believes no society deserves to be labelled civilized unless the rights of women and children are respected. In an era for violence, she has consistently supported nonviolence. It is fundamental to her view that the supreme political power in a community must be built on democratic elections. She favors enlightenment（启迪）an dialogue as the best path to changing attitudes and resolving conflict.The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided that the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, 2020, is to be shared between Robert F. Engle （USA） , “for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility（易变性）”, and Clive W. J. Granger（UK）, for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends.The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2020 jointly to Alexei A. Abrikosov（USA）, Vitaly L. Ginzburg（Russia）and Anthony J. Leggett（USA）. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2020 has been awarded with one half jointly to Peter Agre（USA）, and the other half to Roderick Mackinnon（USA）.5. Paul C. Lauterbur（USA）and Peter Mansfielfs discoveries may likely deal with the following_.A. the skin disease B. the mad-cow diseaseC. the kidney disease D. the common cold6. The Nobel Peace Prize for 2020 was rewarded to Shirin Ebadi, because she made a special contribution to_.A. fighting against racismB. fighting against the Iranian governmentC. avoiding the Iraqi warD. fighting for the basic human rights7. The following Nobel Prizes for 2020 were jointly shared between the two persons EXCEPT in the field of .A. physics B. chemistryC. economic sciences D. physiology8. What does “principal arena” in the passage mean?A. Key aim. B. Only task.C. Great ideal. D. Main field.答案：5. C 推断题。答案源于Imaging of human internal organs with exact and non-invasive methods is very important for medical diagnosis, treatment and follow-up。其中human internal organs（人体内部器官）是个关键词。磁共振成像技术用于对人体内部器官疾病的诊断和治疗，只有C与人体内部器官有关。故C为最佳答案。6. D 细节题。根据She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children. Her principal arena is he struggle for basic human rights可知Shirin Ebadi女士主要是由于她为争取妇女儿童的基本人权而作出的努力而被授予诺贝尔和平奖的。7. A 细节题。根据The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Phyics for 2020 jointly to Alexi A. Abikosov（USA），Vitaly L. Ginzburg（Russia）and Anthony J. Legget（USA）可知，2020年诺贝尔物理奖是由三位科学家分享的，而并非两位科学家分享。8. D 词义猜测题。principal arena前面一句话是对后一句话的总括，而后一句话是对前一句话的进一步说明和诠释。我们可以把前一句话She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children作为推测的依据。故可猜出principal arena是“主要奋斗领域”的意思。ABoth the Eskimos and the Plains Indians used open fires in their shelters for warmth but with very different consequences（结果）. The Eskimo house was an airtight igloo made of blocks of ice with a small tunnel-like entrance and a small chimney in the center for smoke from the fire. Temperatures inside the structure easily reached 70 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit although outside temperatures frequently dropped well below zero. Often the igloo was so hot that the loss of body fluid through perspiration would force the Eskimos to drink cup after cup of ice water. The Plains Indians, on the other hand, placed their fire in a tepee, made with long poles and animal skins with an entrance cut directly into one wall. In contrast with the Eskimo shelter, the tepee was far from airtight; drafts（穿堂风）came in around the door and through gaps between the skins. At night, the Indians would crawl under their blankets, cover their heads, and shiver all nightso much that the blanket would shake! The difference between the Eskimo igloo and the Indian tepee was insulation.（密封性）: the igloos walls were solid and airtight whereas those of the tepee permitted a great deal of air to enter.1. This passage most likely occurs as part of _.A. a weather forecastB. a book on fire prevention.C. a report on animal conservationD. a magazine on house construction2. From the passage it can be inferred that _A. to enter an Eskimo house, one had to go through a long tunnelB. the Eskimo igloo had better insulation than the Indian tepeeC. the Plains Indians enjoyed living in their shelters in winter daysD. there was a small chimney in every Indian tepee to release smoke from the fire3. This passage is written mainly to _.A. compare B. tell a storyC. amuse the readers D. report a scientific discoveryBIn many ways, the earliest periods of photography are the most satisfying. Learning to use the controls is easy and comes quickly, and you can measure the results in terms of sharp and correctly developed pictures. Once you have mastered that, you can start on the second step of your photographic work. Using these basic skills in a wide variety of situations to give the pictures you want, noticing what you see through the viewfinder and turning that into the most effective picture becomes totally interesting.All good photographs have one thing in common: there is no doubt what the subject of the picture is meant to be. Every photographer must use those same standards to his or her work, not only to the finished results but to the subject before he or she takes it. Always work out quite clearly what the subject of the picture is to be and why you are taking the picture. For example, I am going to take a picture of this street to show the different styles and ages of the buildings and that people have been living, working and shopping in them since time began. By doing this you have a better idea of what to include in the picture and what to leave out. How often have you been shown photographs taken by people away on a trip somewhere? The judgment is always similar, something about “the car park is out of the picture to the left”, or “you cant quite see from this picture but if you go up the street”. The photographs are usually collections of buildings, people, parked cars, possibly a distant look of an ancient church, and best of all, a figure which you ar