2020年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 12Culture Shock文化冲击名师金学案 北师大版

重点单词1. vt.吸收 2. adj.短暂的，简短的3 vt. 兑换，交换 4. vi. 漫游，闲逛5 adj. 谦虚的，适度的6. vt. 指示，表明7 n. 礼貌 8. n. 请求9 adj. 熟悉的，常见的 10. n. 方面11 adj. 友好的，乐于交友的12. adj. 小心翼翼的，谨慎的13 vt. 凝视，盯着看14. vi. 低语，耳语15 n. 习俗，风俗16. n. 食欲，胃口17 vt. 进行，实施18. vt. 系，固定19 adj. 相反的20. vt. 宽恕，饶恕.absorbbriefexchangewandermodestindicatemannersrequestfamiliaraspectoutgoingcautiousstarewhispercustomappetiteconductattachcontraryforgive常用短语1. 坚决要求做某事2. 盯着某人3 依附于4. 严肃地看待某事5 状况不好6. _ 对敏感7_喜欢8._至少9_结束10._许多，大量insist_on_doing_sth.stare_atbe_attached_totake.seriouslyin_poor_conditionbe_sensitive_tobe_fond_ofat_leastput/bring_an_end_toloads_of典型句式1.I _ 10% of the bill for the waiter or waitress.我建议你给男服务员或女服务员留10%的小费2If you are planning to come to Poland as a tourist，you will have plenty of interesting places .如果你计划来波兰参现，将有很多有趣的地方供你选择。3When I first arrived in San Francisco，I _ _ certain aspects of the American way of doing things.刚到旧金山时，有段时间我感到很难理解美国人的某些处事方式。suggestleavingtochoosefromhadadifficulttimeunderstanding典型句式4They are now a minority group and most of them live in terrible conditions the rest of us are quite welloff.他们现在是少数群体，大部分人住在恶劣的环境中，而我们这些人却很富足。5Some places， Uluru，were sacred because they the “Dreamtime”， _ _ the Earth was formed cycles of life and nature began.有些地方像乌鲁鲁曾经是神圣的，因为它们与“梦想时代”相联系，那时地球正在形成，且生命与自然的周期刚刚开始。whilelikewereassociatedwiththetimewhenandavoid vt.逃避；避免；回避avoid sb./sth.躲避某人；避免某事avoid doing sth.避免做某事I avoided her by leaving by the back door.我从后门离开，躲开了她。I tried to avoid meeting him because he always bored me.我尽量避免遇到他，因为他总是使我厌烦。 avoid与escape用法比较：avoid与escape在表示“逃避”时可以通用，但escape from.表示“从逃离”时，不能用avoid替换。I escaped being punished.我逃脱了惩罚。He managed to escape from the prison.他设法从监狱里逃了出来。另外，后跟动名词作宾语的动词很多，可用下列方式记忆：避免错过少延期(avoidmissput off/postpone)建议完成多练习(suggestfinishpractise)喜欢想像禁不住(enjoyimaginecant help)承认否定与嫉妒(admitdenyenvy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escaperiskexcuse)忍受保持不介意(standkeepmind)1.用所给词的适当形式填空：(1)He told a lie to avoid_(punish)(2)After he became conscious，he remembered_(attack) and_(hit) on the head with a rod.(3)There is a story here in the paper about a 110yearold man.My goddess！I cant imagine_(be) that old.(4)He got well prepared for the job interview，for he couldnt risk_(lose) the good opportunity.【答案】(1)being punished(2)having been attacked；hit(3)being(4)losingconsider v考虑，认为consider sth./doing sth.考虑(做)某事consider sb./sth.as./to be./to have done.认为某人(物)；认为某人做了某事considern.adj.认为consider thatclause认为consideritadj.to do/thatclause认为I am considering changing my job.我在考虑换换工作。We consider it important to learn a second language.我们认为再学一门语言非常重要。considering.鉴于/考虑到take o consideration考虑某事all things considered，分词的独立主格结构，一般在句中作状语，用于概括或总结，相当于considering everything/all things，taking everything/all things into consideration或everything/all things taken into consideration。He does well，considering (that) he is so young.鉴于他如此年轻，他可算是表现良好。2.The teacher is scolding him because he is considered_the window.AbreakingBto breakChaving broken Dto have broken【解析】consider用于被动语态时，补足语常可用实义动词的不定式，根据动作发生的先后判断，应用break的完成式。【答案】D3(2020;2020年湖北卷)The loss has not yet been_accurately，but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.Acalculated BconsideredCcompleted Dcontrolled【解析】句意为：虽然损失还没有精确计算，但是人们认为很可能超过1 亿美元。calculate计算，推算，估计。consider考虑，认为；complete完成，竣工；control控制，以上三项都不符合题意。【答案】Acurious adj.好奇的；好求知的；爱打听隐私的be curious about.对好奇be curious to do sth.极想做某事be curious how/why/what.对有兴趣it is curious that.对感到奇怪Im curious to know what is written in his letter.我极想知道他在信中写些什么。I am curious why she didnt come.我很想知道她为什么没来。It is curious that he should have failed to win the race.他竟然没赢得比赛，真是奇怪。curiously adv.好奇地；奇怪地look curiously at 好奇地看着Curiously enough，he seems to have known what we would do next.说来奇怪，他似乎已经知道我们下一步怎么做了。4.Dont be too_about things youre not supposed to know.Astrange BamusingCcurious Dconscious【解析】句意为“不要对你不必知道的事情太好奇”。conscious有意识的；strange陌生的；amusing引起乐趣的，它们都不合句意。【答案】Crefuse v拒绝；回绝refuse sb./sth.拒绝某人/某事refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事It was an offer he felt he couldnt refuse.这个好意他感到无法回绝。He refused to change his mind.他不肯改变主意。The door refused to open.这个门打不开。refuse的同义词为turn down；不能用于refuse sb.to do sth.结构。My plan was turned down at the meeting.我的计划在会上被拒绝了。5.Our request for a pay rise was_again.Ashut down Bturned downCcut down Dlooked down【解析】turn down在此表示“拒绝”的意思，相当于refuse。【答案】Bcautious adj.小心翼翼；谨慎的be cautious of小心be cautious not to do当心不要做He was cautious when he was riding the bicycle.当他骑自行车的时候，他很小心。The schoolboys are more cautious not to make any mistakes in spelling than ever before.男同学们在拼写时比以前更加小心，以避免发生错误。cautious与careful用法比较：cautious语气比careful强，指十分小心，防止出危险或差错，带有提防的意味。He is cautious of telling secrets.(He is cautious not to tell secrets.)他小心翼翼以防说出秘密。Be careful with those plates.使用那些盘子要小心。Be careful of thieves when going out.外出时当心小偷。6.介词填空He is always careful_his homework.【解析】be careful with表“对认真”。【答案】withabsorb vt.吸收，吸进(液体、气体等)；理解；获取(信息)；吸引(注意力或兴趣)absorb water/light/heat (take in)吸收水/光/热absorb what sb.said理解某人所说的话absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力be absorbed in.put ones heart into.fix ones attention on 全神贯注于be absorbed in thoughtbe lost in thought 陷入沉思Plants absorb nutrients from soil.植物从土壤中吸收养分。Black objects absorb heat more.黑色物体吸热多。Judith lay on the settle，absorbed in her book.朱迪思躺在长沙发上，专心致志地看书。admit sb.(in) toaccept o接受某人(入学/院)Two thousand students will be admitted to our school this year.今年我校将接纳2 000名学生。7.用absorb的正确形式填空：(1)Taking care of my little daughter almost_all my spare time.(2)When I opened the door，I found my father sitting in his chair，completely_in the humorous stories he was reading.(3)How he wished to concentrate on what the teacher said，_all the knowledge taught in a class!【答案】(1)absorbs(2)absorbed(3)absorbingload n负荷；负载loads of/a load of大量的take a load off ones mind解除某人的忧虑There is a cargo ship carrying a load of grain near the river.河边有一条满载谷物的货船。I have a fairly light teaching load this term.这学期我的教学负担相当轻。The machine cant cope with such a heavy work load.这台机器承受不了这么重的工作负荷。load也可用做动词，意为“把装上(车、船等)；使承载；使负荷”。load o/onto把装载到里/上load sth.with sb./sth.用装载Have you finished loading？你们装完货没有？Load the furniture into the van.把这些家具装到货车上。8.Dont worry；theres_of time.Alot Ba plentyCloads Dlittle【解析】句意为“别担心，时间很充裕”。a lot of 或loads of表示“很多，许多”，可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。【答案】Cface v面对；面向face south/the south/to the south 面朝南face the difficulty 正视困难be faced with 面临；面对face the music (对自己的行为结果)负起责任；接受批评If anything goes wrong，it is I who will have to face the music.如果出了什么问题，负责任的是我。He faced the difficulty with courage.他勇敢地面对困难。I was faced with a new problem.我面临一个新问题。face to face 面对面(作状语)facetoface 面对面的(作定语)make a face (make faces)做鬼脸；扮怪相save/lose ones face 保全面子/失面子hit sb.in the face 打中某人的脸in (the) face of面对，在面前We must keep calm in face of great danger.面对危险，我们必须保持冷静。I rushed out of the office and found myself face to face with the headteacher.我冲出办公室，面对面地碰上了班主任。9._with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time.AFaced BFaceCFacing DTo face【解析】face with常用被动语态：使面对，使面临。【答案】Aattach vt.系；贴；附加；认为有(重要性等)attach sth.to sth.把某东西系到某东西上attach oneself to sb./sth.加入；使隶属于attach sb.to sb./sth.和在一起；缠着be attached to sb./sth.依恋；留恋attachment to (for) sb./sth.依恋(深爱)attach importance/significance to.认为重要They attach great importance to education.他们认为教育很重要。I got lost so I attached myself to another party of tourists.我由于迷了路，所以只好加入另一个旅行团。No blame attaches to him for the accident.这次事故的责任与他无关。I am deeply/very attached to this old car.我非常喜欢这辆旧车。tie.to.把拴到上fasten.to.把系到上add.to.给添加上Have you tied the horse to the post？把马拴在柱子上了吗？10.Weve grown very_to this house and would hate to move.Aattached BresponsibleCresistant Dcontrary【解析】题意为“我们十分留恋这所房子，真舍不得搬家”。be attached to sb./sth.依恋；留恋；酷爱，心爱某物(人)；be responsible to sb.为自己的行为对(主管或上级)承担责任；resistant to抵抗，对抗；contrary to与相反。【答案】Aadvise vt.建议advise (sb.) sth.(向某人)建议某事advise doing sth.建议做某事advise sb.(not) to do sth.建议某人(不)做某事advise sb.against doing sth.advise (that) sb.(should) do sth.建议某人做某事advise sb.what to do建议做什么The doctor advised me a complete rest.医生劝我要彻底休息。Could you advise me what to do next?你能建议我下一步做什么吗？advice是名词形式，不可数。a piece of advice 一条建议ask for ones advice征求意见take/follow ones advice采纳建议He has given me some good advice on how to learn English grammar.他就如何学好英语语法提了些好建议。11.I_him to give up smoking，but I failed.Apreferred BhopedCadvised Dsuggested【解析】以上供选的四个选项中，能够用于“v.sb.to do sth.”这一结构的只有A、C。但从意义上可以看出“我让他放弃抽烟”的动作应为“劝说”，而不是“主观喜欢(愿意)”。在英语中，能说hope to do sth.；不能说hope sb.to do sth.，但能说wish sb.to do sth.；suggest的正确搭配应为suggest (sb.) doing sth.。此外还应注意：advise sb.to do sth.意为“劝说(建议)某人做某事”，但不一定成功，相当于try to persuade sb.to do sth.，advise后面还可接v.ing形式。【答案】Ccontrary adj.相反的，相对的，对抗的；n.相反的事实(或事情、情况)on the contrary(用来表示强烈反对或不赞成别人刚说过的话)正相反，恰恰相反to the contrary意思相反的(地)；完全不同的(地)contrary opinions相反的观点Contrary to all our advice，he gave up his job.他不听我们大家的劝告，辞去了工作。You may be right；theres no evidence to the contrary.你也许是对的，因为没有相反的证据证明你不对。opposite (to) sb.在某人对面(表位置)in the opposite direction朝相反方向I sat opposite to him during the meal.吃饭的时候我坐在他的对面。12.What you have done is_the doctors advice.Aattached to Bresponsible toCresistant to Dcontrary to【解析】句意为“你的做法违背了医生的建议”。contrary to与相反；attach to连接、附属、依恋；responsible to对负责的；resistant to耐的，它们的意思都与本题不符。【答案】Dinjure vt.伤害，损害，损伤injure ones leg伤了腿have an injury in the leg腿部受伤be injurious to对有害One of the players injured his knee and had to be carried off.有一名球员伤了膝盖，不得不被抬了出去。injure，wound，hurt，damage与harm用法比较：injure指在事故中受伤，大多造成容颜、机能的损害。wound指在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上有伤口，如刀伤、剑伤、枪伤等。hurt指造成肉体上或精神上的伤害，且有强烈的疼痛感。damage指损害某物，可以修复。harm指肉体或精神上的伤害均可，可引起不安或不便，还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。The robber wounded him with a knife.那强盗用刀刺伤了他。My leg hurts.我的腿疼。The earthquake damaged several buildings.地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。Dont harm your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损害你的眼睛。13.单词拼写Fortunately，no one got_(受伤) in the terrible traffic accident.【答案】injuredexchange vt.交换；兑换；交流；n.交换；兑换exchange A for B以B交换/更换Aexchange sth.(with sb.)(同)交换exchange glances互换眼色You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel.你可以在旅馆把你的钱兑换成美元。in exchange for作为交换make an exchange交换exchange rate兑换价trade and cultural exchanges with China与中国的贸易和文化交流Ill type your report if youll babysit in exchange.如果你愿意代我照看孩子，我就把这个报告给你打出来。Many schools in China do exchanges with foreign schools.中国的很多学校与外国的学校进行交流。14.单词拼写(1)The player looked at his coach，_(互换) glances with him and was satisfied with the result.(2)Lets have a(n)_(交换) of views on the matter.【答案】(1)exchanged(2)exchangerequest n& v请求，要求request sth.要求某物/事request sth.from/of sb.向某人请求某事物request sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事request that.要求(用虚拟语气)be in request有需求at the request of sb.应某人之请求/要求on request一经要求make a request (for sth.)提出请求(要某物)I telephoned her in Paris，at Stauntons request.我应斯汤顿的要求，在巴黎打了电话给她。Further detail will be sent on request.详情承索即寄。The staff immediately requested that he reconsider his decision.员工立即要求他重新考虑他的决定。request，ask，demand，require与beg用法比较：ask表示在感到要求可能得到满足的情况下提出，含有期望得到肯定答复之意；通常指书面或口头上提出要求，为普通用语。demand指以强硬、断然的口吻提出要求；语气最强。require指按规章、惯例或需要，要求对方做某事或履行某种意义，往往认为有提要求的权利，含有命令、强调的意味。request比ask正式，比demand客气，语气比较文雅，往往用于恐怕对方不能答应的场合。beg语气诚恳，“恳求，乞求”。He would rather starve to death than shamelessly beg for his life.他宁愿饿死也不屈辱求生。15.This is his only request that the room_after being used.Abe cleaned Bwould be cleanedCis cleaned Dwill be cleaned【答案】Asee.off给送行see through看透，识破see to (doing)注意，照料see (to it) that.注意使，务必使Excuse me，I must go and see to the dinner.对不起，我得去看看晚饭怎么样了。Will you see to closing the windows?你负责把窗户关好好吗？That soldier saw through the enemys trick.那个士兵识破了敌人的花招。seeing that.鉴于，由于的缘故；考虑到Seeing that you are old，Ill walk together with you.考虑到你年龄大了，我和你一起走。16.John is leaving for London tomorrow and I will_him_at the airport.Asend；away Bsee；offCleave；off Dshow；around【答案】Bstare at凝视，盯着看stare into用力看stare sb.down/out以目光震慑某人give sb.a rude stare不礼貌地瞪某人一眼make sb.stare使某人惊讶或惊奇They all stared in/with amazement.他们都惊讶得瞪大了眼睛。The two children were having a competition to see who could stare the other out.两个小孩在较量，看谁能把对方瞪得受不了。We received a number of curious stares from passersby.很多过路人向我们投来好奇的目光。look at，gaze at，stare at，glare at，glance at，watch，see与observe用法比较：(1)look at看，不带任何感情色彩。(2)gaze at指由于兴趣、感慨、喜欢或惊奇而目不转睛地凝视。(3)stare at指由于好奇、无礼、傲慢而睁大眼睛凝视、盯着或瞪着看(一般含贬义)。(4)glare at指由于愤怒而蹬着眼睛看。(5)glance at看一眼，瞥一眼(指粗略地看一下)。(6)notice强调“注意到”；watch强调观看；see强调看的结果；observe侧重于“观察”。He looked at the distance，but he saw nothing.他往远处看，但什么也没有看见。17.He_into the space，and just kept silent.Astared BwatchedCobserved Dsaw【答案】AId rather stay cosy and read my novel.我宁愿温暖舒适地看小说。would rather 意为“宁愿”，常见搭配有：would rather (not) do宁愿(不)做would rather do.than do.宁愿做不愿做would do.rather than do宁愿做不愿做prefer to do.rather than do宁愿做不愿做rather than而不是(表示否定)I would rather not go home tonight.我宁愿今晚不回家。I would rather die than give in.(I would die rather than give in.)我宁死不屈。would rather后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气。与现在或将来相反时从句谓语用一般过去时，与过去相反时用过去完成时。I would rather they didnt come tomorrow.我宁愿他们明天不来。18._a bus，I prefer to walk home.ARather than take BRather than to takeCInstead of taking DInstead of to take【解析】考查句型prefer to do.rather than do.，只是把rather than do.提前了。【答案】A19(2020;2020年河南洛阳调研)_the bike be repaired by him?No，Id rather he_it repaired.AWill；has BShall；hadCShould；have DCan；has【解析】句意为：自行车由他来修理行吗？不，我宁愿他请别人来修理。shall在此处用于征询意见(只用于第一、三人称疑问句中)，shall用于第二、三人称陈述句(可以是肯定句，也可是否定句)表示命令、要求、警告、允诺等；would rather后接宾语从句时(常用that引导，that可省略)，从句谓语动词要求用虚拟语气。对现在与将来的虚拟，谓语用动词过去式表过；对过去的虚拟，用haddone表达。【答案】BHe insisted on walking me to the bus station to see me off.他坚持陪我走到车站为我送行。insist on doing sth.坚持要求做某事insist that.坚持The engineer insisted on having his plan carried out.工程师坚持执行他的计划。He insisted that he hadnt stolen the purse.他坚持说他没偷钱包。I insisted that she (should) go with you.我坚决主张她跟你走。Madame Curie insisted that there was something in the nature that gave out radiation.居里夫人坚持认为自然界中某种物质有辐射。insist作及物动词后接从句时，如果从句的动作发生在insist之前，从句用陈述语气，意为“坚持说，