2020高考英语一轮复习同步攻关 Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note学案 必修3

Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note导读：Mark Twain是美国最伟大的作家之一，以他的智慧和机智闻名于世。从他的作品以及他自己对The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(汤姆索亚历险记)的诠释中，可以了解到其写作的独特风格。通过对百万英镑的阅读，你就可以看出资本主义国家尔虞我诈，拜金主义的丑恶形象。你知道英语谚语中的Money can make a mare to go 是什么意思吗？Mark Twain, an American writer, novelist and humorist, published more than 30 books, hundreds of short stories and essays and gave lecture tours around the world throughout his career. During his whole life, Mark Twain carried on many kinds of jobs. From 1864, he became a reporter and travelled inEurope. By the end of his life in 1910, he had become known as the perfect example of American author.Behind the mask of humour and satire(讽刺), his writing often criticized(批评，抨击) social morals, politics and human nature, making his literature a unique(独特的)reflection(反映)of the American experience in the latter part of the nineteenth century.The writers introduction to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)Most of the adventures recorded in this book really happened; one or two were experiences of my own, the rest those of boys who were schoolmates of mine. Huck Finn is drawn from life; Tom Sawyer also, but not from an individual he is a combination of the three boys whom I knew.Although my book is intended mainly for the entertainment of boys and girls, I hope it will not be shocked by men and women, for part of my plan hasbeen to try to pleasantly remind adults of what they once were themselves, and of how they felt and thought and talked, and what strange adventures they sometimes took part in.请根据语义及提示写出单词 1. He is very rich though he is always in r_.2. They shouldnt treat their mother in a rude m_. They should respect her.3. Im sorry, I cant give you the phone number without her _(permit).4. This kind of work needs _ (patient) and carefulness.5. The little boy was curious about the ants working in the field. He _ (专注地看着) at them.6. Seeing the happy _(场面) of children playing in the park, Im full of joy and confidence in the future of our country.rags 2. manner 3. permission4. patience 5. stared 6. scene请根据语义写出短语1. bring _ 养大2. _ ahead 前进3. _ accident 偶然4. _ at 盯着看，凝视5. on_ of 由于6. on the _ 与此相反7. take a _冒险8. in _ 衣衫褴褛9. as _关于；至于up 2. go 3. by 4. stare5. Account 6. contrary7. chance8. rags9. for1. Twain loved the river so much that even his pen name is about the river. (P17)2. his eyes stare at what is left of the brothers dinner on table(P18)3. it is wellknown that Americans like to eat a lot. (P22) permit v&n.根据语境猜词义(1) We dont permit middle school students to surf the Internet to play computer games.(2) Hurry up! Our teacher permitted us only twenty minutes to finish the work.根据语义找匹配允许B. 准许(1) A(2) B permit v&n.链接permit vt. 允许，许可 n. 通行证；许可证；执照permission n. 允许；准许短语permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事permit doing sth. 允许做某事permit of许可；准许ask for permission 请求允许with/without ones permission在某人的准许下/没获得某人的允许 permit v&n.辨析allow/permitallow所表示的“允许”通常含有听任、默许、个人不加阻止之意；The students in this school are not allowed to surf the Internet in the Net bar.permit含有(文件、上级规定)的“允许”，带有客观意味，语气较强。The nurse allowed him to stay there, though it was not permitted. permit v&n.温馨提示(1) permit 作为动词和作为名词时的发音不同。(2) 作为名词的permit与permission的语义不同。(3) 注意allow, permit, forbid和advise所构成的基本句式是相同的。以allow为例：sb. sth.doing sth. 形容词性物主代词(ones) doing sth. 宾格代词(如him) to do sth.sb. is allowed to do sth. permit v&n.allow完成句子(1)除非你有许可证，未经允许不能在此处停车。You are not _ to park here without _ unless you have a _.(2)天气允许的话，我们就出去郊游。你们跟我们一块去如何？Weather _， we will go out for an outing. What about you going with us?(1) allowed; permission; permit(2) permitting permit v&n.单项填空()(3) Jims father didnt _ him to join the school football team.A. let B. promiseC. permit D. hopeC考查动词的搭配。let sb. do让某人干某事； promise sb. to do向某人许诺干某事，意思不符；hope不用动词不定式作宾补；permit sb. to do sth.允许某人干某事。 permit v&n.根据语境猜词义(1) Dont scold yourself too much, you know, nobody lives without any fault.(2) Its my fault to have you waiting for so long a time. fault n.根据语义找匹配错误 B. 过失(1) A(2) B fault n.短语find fault with 挑的毛病；找茬；对挑剔；对吹毛求疵in/at fault 有错；有责任be ones fault 是的过错句型Its ones fault to do sth. 做某事是某人的过错。 fault n.辨析fault/ mistake/ wrong/ errorfault n. 强调行为上的过失以及过失的责任或品质方面的缺点。Many people live in poverty through no fault of their own.mistake n. 多指缺乏正确理解造成行动上或认识上的错误或因粗心而导致的。固定搭配by mistake。 fault n.Sorry, here is your umbrella. I took it by mistake.wrong adj. 错误的； n. 毛病；冤屈Dont do wrong to anybody, otherwise you will answer for it.error 强调的是道德上的过失或行为、信仰上的错误。固定搭配in error。The accident was caused by human error. fault n.用fault/mistake/wrong/error的正确形式填空(1) 是你的过错导致了这样的错误。Its your _ to make such a _.(2) 他的话使我们误入歧途。What he said led us into _.(3) 他就是这样的一个人，总是找别人的茬。He is such a man who is always finding _ with other people.(1) fault; mistake(2) errors(3) fault fault n.单项填空()(4) “I dont think its my_ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, thats all，” said the boy.A. error B. mistake C. fault D. dutyC本题考查的是同义词辨析。 error, mistake侧重于“错误”，即做得不对、不妥；而fault侧重于造成错误的个人责任；duty则是指义务、该做的事。这个男孩说：“我认为电视机爆炸不是我的责任。我只是把它打开，仅此而已。”说明不是我的过错而造成的，所以答案是C。 fault n. spot n&v.根据语境猜词义(1) He spotted a friend in the street and went over to her.(2) No one spotted that the banknote was fake.(3) There are spots even on the sun. (4) There are a lot of spots to visit in such an old city.(5) The scandal(丑闻) spotted his character.(6) Whenever she was in a spot she turned to him for help.(7) He answered the question on the spot.根据语义找匹配A. 看见B. 发现C. 场所，景点D. 污点E. 玷污 F. 现场 G. 困境(1) A(2) B(3) D(4) C(5) E(6) G(7) F spot n&v.短语hot spot 热点on the spot 在现场；立刻，当场a spot of 少许；少量in a spot 陷入麻烦 spot n&v.单项填空()The tomato juice left a brown _ on the front of my jacket.A. track B. trace C. spot D. pointC考查名词的辨析。track行踪，小径，轨道；trace踪迹，足迹，痕迹；spot斑点，污点，地点；point点，尖。根据语境：番茄汁在我的夹克前留下了褐色的斑点。所以答案是C。 spot n&v. account n&vt.根据语境猜词义(1) Recent pressure may account for his behavior.(2) I paid money into my account this morning.(3) The advertising agency has lost several of its most important accounts.(1) C(2) B(3) A根据语义找匹配A. 客户B. 账户C. 说明(的原因) account n&vt.短语on account 赊账on your own account 靠自己on account of 由于on no account 绝不；绝无理由 (在句首需倒装)from/by all accounts 根据大家的说法；根据各种报道open an account (在银行)开个账户of no account 不重要 account n&vt.give a full account of 对进行详细的说明take account of takeinto account 考虑到account for 解释，说明(的原因) account n&vt.单项填空()_ should any money be given to a small child.A. On no account B. From all accountsC. Of no account D. By all accountsA考查名词词组。 on no account决不可以；from all accounts和by all accounts均意为“根据各种说法”；of no account不重要，通常作表语或定语。 account n&vt. patience n.根据语境猜词义(1) I will be through with it in a little while. Have a little patience.(2) After waiting for half an hour, he was beginning to lose patience.根据语义找匹配耐心B. 忍耐力(1) B(2) A patience n.链接patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人patiently adv. 有耐心地短语be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心with patience 耐心地have no patience with 对忍无可忍 patience n.根据语境，用patient的正确形式填空The doctor explained to the (1)_ with (2)_ “Take your time. I am (3)_ with you. You have to wait (4)_”(1)patient名词 “病人”；(2) patience 名词 “耐心”；(3) patient 形容词 “耐心的”；(4) patiently副词 “耐心地”。本题的语义是：医生耐心地给病人解释，慢慢来，我对你是有耐心的。你得要耐心等待。 patience n. bring up根据语境猜词义(1) He will be brought_up by the government after his parent has been killed in the earthquake.(2) If you have any suggestion about the project, please bring it up at the next meeting.(3) Click with the right mouse button to bring_up a new menu.根据语义找匹配A. 调出B. 抚养C. 提出(1)B(2)C(3)A bring up短语bring about 导致，引起，造成bring along (随身)带来bring back 归还，恢复，使想起bring forward 提出bring down 使倒下，降低，减少bring in 带进来，赚得，引进bring out 拿出，说出，阐明，使(思想)转变 bring up辨析bring/take/fetch/carrybring “带来”，强调从远处到近处。Dont forget to bring your textbook next time.take “带走”， 强调从近处到远处。This type of computer is out of date, please take it away and bring an uptodate one.fetch “去拿来”，强调一去一回。Sorry, I have forgotten to bring my textbook here. Would you please fetch it for me in my office. bring upcarry “携带，搬运，传送”，一般指随身带着，没有方向性。We often help the old man carry water after school. bring up用bring/take/fetch/carry的正确形式填空(1) I asked Lily to _ me a Chinese book, but she _ me an English book, so I told her to _it back to the teachers office.fetch; brought; take bring up单项填空()(2) The Internet has brought _ big changes in the way we work.A. about B. outC. back D. upA本句话的语义是：互联网给我们的工作方式带来了一些大的变化。bring about导致，引起，造成； bring out拿出，说出，阐明； bring back 归还，恢复，使想起； bring up 抚养；提出，所以答案是A。 bring up()(3) Can you make a sentence to _ the meaning of the phrase?A. show off B. turn outC. bring out D. take inC本句话的语义是：你能造个句子说明这个短语的语义吗？show off 炫耀，张扬；turn out证明，生产，出版，结果是，造就；bring out拿出，说出，阐明；take in 吸收，蒙骗，所以答案是C。 bring up(1) 是英语口语中的一个常用短语，用于鼓励对方去做或说，有“请吧”、“做吧”或“说吧”之意。 I wonder if youd mind us asking you a few questions. Go right ahead.(2) 用于问路，表示“一直往前走”。 Excuse me, sir. Can you show me the way to the station? Go ahead until you come to the traffic lights and go aheadthen turn left.劳驾，到火车站怎么走呢？一直往前，到红绿灯时向左拐。(3) go ahead还可表示“着手干；取得进展”的意思，同with连用可表示“继续做”。After a short break, they went ahead with their experiment.稍事休息后，他们又继续做实验。 go ahead温馨提示在回应别人向你借东西时，表示“请便，随便拿吧”，我们要用help yourself。短语go against 违背；对不利 (无被动语态)go after 追赶；追求go around (疾病的)传播； 流传go about 着手做；处理go away 出去go by 走过去； (时间)流逝；按照，根据作判断 go aheadgo in for 爱好；对感兴趣；参与go out 出去； (火、灯等)熄灭go over 检查；复习；批阅go through 穿过；通过；浏览；翻阅；经历go up 上升；上涨；往上走go without 没有也行go on 继续； 从事； (时间)流逝go down (价格) 下降；(太阳)落山go with 与相配 go ahead单项填空()(1) Why not go to a concert about rocknroll with us tonight? Thank you, but I dont _ rock n roll. Its much too noisy for my taste.A. go after B. go away withC. go into D. go in for go aheadD考查与go相关的短语。本句的语义是： 今晚为何不与我们一起去听一场摇滚音乐会呢？ 谢谢，但是我不喜欢摇滚乐。它太闹腾而不适合我的口味。go after 追赶；追求；go away with和某人一起出去；go into走进；go in for 爱好；对感兴趣；参与，所以答案是D。 go ahead()(2) Would you please _ this form for me to see if Ive filled it in right?A. take off B. look afterC. give up D. go over go aheadD本题语义是：替我仔细检查一下这个表格看看我是否填对了。take off 脱下(衣物)，(飞机)起飞，(事业)腾达；look after 照料； give up放弃； go over 复习，仔细看，所以答案是D。()(3) Ive studied growing plants as one of my interests. Could I make some suggestions? _.A. You will make it B. Go right aheadC. Dont mention it D. Take it easy go aheadB考查交际用语。本题语义是： 我已把学习种庄稼作为兴趣之一。我可以提出一些意见吗？ 提吧。You will make it你会搞定的；Go right ahead鼓励对方去做；Dont mention it多用于对感谢的回应，表示“区区小事，何足挂齿”之意；Take it easy多用于对焦虑的劝慰，表示“别着急”。 go ahead()(4) Didnt you have a good time at the party? Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to _ so quickly.A. go by B. go away C. go out D. go over go aheadA考查与go相关的短语。本句的语义是： 难道在聚会时玩得不开心吗？ 当然开心喽。实际上，我玩得是那么的开心，时间好像很快就过去了。go by(时间)流逝；go away离开； go out出去； go over 复习，仔细看，所以答案是A。 It is the summer of 1903. (P17)那是1903年的夏天。summer是季节名词。一般地说，表示一年四季的季节名词前不能加冠词。It is cold in winter, and hot in summer here.这儿的气候是冬寒夏热。但在下列情况下，要加冠词：(1) 当这些名词表示的是一段时间而不表示季节概念时。I appreciate spending the summer in Qingdao in summer. summer我特别喜欢夏季在青岛过夏天。(2) 具体的某一季节。In the spring of 1998, an old man came here. Since then great changes have taken place.在1998年的春天，一位老人来到这里，从此以后就发生了天翻地覆的变化。(3) 固定结构中。在all through / throughout 介词后，表示“一整个”的意思。 summerThey will sleep all through / throughout the winter.他们会睡一整个冬天。 summer Who? Me, sir? (P17)先生，你叫谁呀？是叫我吗？一般地说，人称代词作主语用其主格；作宾语用其宾格；作定语用其形容词性物主代词；用名词性物主代词以代替“形容词性物主代词先行词”。 但在口语中，现代语言学家认为：在无动词的句子里，往往用代词的宾格形式。 Would you lend me your hand? Me? Of course. I can.你能给我帮下忙吗？我吗？ 当然可以。 Me his eyes stare at what is left of the brothers dinner on table(P18)他的眼睛盯着兄弟俩留在餐桌上的残羹剩菜你知道句中的at what为什么不用at which吗？问题的关键是要搞清楚是介词的宾语从句还是定语从句。如果是介词的宾语从句，它所构成的是“介词连接词”；如果是定语从句，它所构成的是“介词关系代词”。其前没有名词或代词时，它只可能是“介词连接词”所构成的宾语从句。其前有名词或代词时，我们可以把这个名词放到介词后，再把它代入 at what到从句中，看看是否成立，成立就是定语从句，指人，用whom；指物，就用which，如：You have written a perfect composition except that there are some spelling mistakes.除了一些拼写错误以外，你的作文是无可挑剔的。(无法把composition放到介词except后，所以是宾语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，也没有语义的丢失。) at whatI will go to the farm on which I will work with the farmers for two years.我要去农场，在那儿我要和农民们一起劳动两年。(the farm可以放入到介词on后，再代入从句中，可以放在地点状语的位置，所以是定语从句，指物，用which。) at what用恰当的连接词或关系词填空(1) I often go out for a walk after dinner every day except _ it was raining.(2) Ill never forget the days in _ we worked together.(1) when(2) which at what根据语境猜词义(1) If you compare house prices in the two areas, its quite amazing how different they are.(2) Compare some recent work with your older stuff and youll see how much youve improved.(3) The rides at the fair just cant compare with the rides at Disneyland.(4) Poets have compared sleep to death. compare v.根据语义找匹配把与比较B. 把比作C. 比较D. 和某人 / 某事相比或值得相比(1) C(2) A(3) D(4) B compare v.短语compare A with B/compare A and B 把 A 与 B 比较compare A to B 把A比作Bcompare with sb. / sth.和某人、某事相比或值得相比beyond compare 无可比拟；举世无双链接compare v. 比较， 对照，比喻comparison n. 比较， 对照，比喻，比较关系comparative adj. 相对的comparatively adv. compare v.单项填空()(1) When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A. compared B. being comparedC. comparing D. having compared compare v.C本题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。其语义是：在比较不同的文化时，我们经常仅仅注意它们之间的不同之处而忽略了许多相似之处。依据“连接词分词”结构中的分词选择原则，我们只需考虑分词与主语的逻辑关系。主动，用v.ing形式；被动，用v.ed形式。“我们”和“比较”是主动关系，所以答案是C。 compare v.()(2) _with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.A. Compare B. When comparingC. Comparing D. When comparedD本题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。其语义是：与整个地球面积相比，最大的海洋似乎一点都不大了。依据“连接词分词”结构中的分词选择原则，排除B、C；又由于是状语，不能用祈使句，排除A，所以答案是D。 compare v. The old bridge isnt strong enough to allow the passage of heavy vehicles. (P20)这座古桥不够结实不允许重型车辆通过。本句含有notenough to do sth.句式，表达“不够而不能”的语义。有时还可以用“notenough for”表达。The kid is not old enough to go to school.这个小孩年龄不够大而不能上学。He is not tall enough for the apple on the shelf.他个头不高而够不到橱柜上的苹果。 notenough to温馨提示在形成cant / neverenough句式时，我们要特别注意对它的语义理解。它所表达的意思是：“怎么样都不为过”或“越越好”。One cant be careful enough.一个人怎么小心都不为过。(越认真越好。) notenough to Yes, thats right. (P22)是的，没错。辨析Thats right/Thats all right/All rightThats right 对上述意见的赞同，表示“没错、你说得对、对”的意思。可以用 You are right 或Right 代替。 No road is long with company. Thats right.Thats all right 是对道歉的应答，表示“没关系”的意思。 thats right James, I am sorry I used your computer when you were away this morning. That all right.All right 是对别人请求做某事的同意，表示“行、可以”的意思。 Can you go out for a walk with us after supper? All right. thats right it is wellknown that Americans like to eat a lot.众所周知美国人就喜欢大吃大喝。这是It is ved that所构成的主语从句句式。it是形式主语，thatclause是真正的主语。由于主语从句太长，为了避免头重脚轻现象而采取的修辞手段。it只能用it，不能用其他代词；that不可省略，也不是固定不变的，它要依据从句中缺少的句子成分加以变化，所以在处理这一问题时，我们一定不要思维定势。It is known that he is the top student in our class.众所周知他是我们班出类拔萃的学生。 it is wellknown thatIt is unknown what he is murmuring.没人知道他嘟哝着什么。Its suggested that the meeting (should) be put off on account of the heavy rain.有人建议由于这场大雨而推迟会议。 it is wellknown that短语It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It is announced that 据宣称It is sugge