Unit10TheNewImmorality练习答案

Unit 10 The New ImmoralityConsolidation ActivitiesI. Text Comprehension1. Decide which of the following best states the authors purpose.A. To condemn the absurdity of a paradox.B. To argue that humanity is a matter of the private morality, a sense of purely personal honor, honesty, and integrity.C. To reveal the academic corruption on university campus in the USA.D.To review the data of a questionnaire distributed to some undergraduates.Key: B 2. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1). Too many scandals violently strike the world of popular entertainment, and also the academic world. T 2). The bureaucrat and disk jockey think their decisions are still just despite the fact that they accept presents. T 3). The author absolutely blames sociology for the paradox, for it has tended to lay exclusive stress upon social morality, and tended too often to define good and evil as merely the socially useful. F 4). What social morality and social conscience advocate is the so-called socially desirable conduct, but what they should be concerned with most is the significant concept of mans honor self-esteem and self-dignity. T 5). That playing the game as the gentleman was supposed to play it was a sound argument among early twentieth-century reformers. T 6). A good society is composed of men with honor. T 7). The author thinks that as man of the future will lose many of the virtues that he still has now, humanity will finally collapse. F II. Writing StrategiesThis text is a piece of argumentative writing. With facts as well as opinions, the writer not only expresses what he thinks but also tries to persuade the reader to share his opinion and quite possibly to do something about the status quo. Clearly, various writing strategies are employed in the text. First of all, typical examples are supplied to exhibit a paradox of our age, thus presenting the problem or argument. Secondly, some questions are raised in places so as to draw the readers attention to some important ideas. Thirdly, comparisons and contrasts are frequently used to highlight some major points. Fourthly, the writer analyses the psychological support underlying mentality of the new immorality and destroys the defenses given by the dishonest in a step-by-step, in-depth manner. Finally, the writer defines the most important qualities an honest and useful man should possess, no matter how demoralized the world may become. The style of the writing is formal, and the tone is critical.The following two questions are to be answered:(1) Which sentences in the text involve a comparison?The following sentences obviously involve a comparison:1) Yet most of these five, like most of the college cheaters, would probably profess a strong social consciousness. 2) Is there really any evidence that personal dishonesty is more prevalent than it always was? 3) Perhaps these things are not actually more prevalent. 4) It is my conviction that though men may be no more wicked than they always have been, they seem less likely to be ashamed.5) Even so, I still insist that for the individual himself nothing is more important than this personal, interior sense of right and wrong and his determination to follow that rather than to be guided by what everybody does or merely the criterion of social usefulness.“(2) Which sentences in the text display a contrast or a paradox?The following sentences clearly show a contrast or a paradox:1) They may cheat, but they vote for foreign aid and for enlightened social measures. 2) our seemingly great growth in social morality has oddly enough taken place in a world where private morality - a sense of the supreme importance of purely personal honor, honesty, and integrity - seems to be declining.3) Beneficent and benevolent social institutions are administered by men who all too frequently turn out to be accepting gifts. 4) The world of popular entertainment is rocked by scandal. 5) College students, put on their honor, cheat on examination. 6) I have never been surprised to find men wicked, but I have often been surprised to find them not ashamed. 7) And persona, as opposed to social decency, doesnt count for much. 8) Sociology has tended to lay exclusive stress upon social morality, and tended too often to define good and evil as merely the socially useful or its reverse. 9) What social morality and social conscience leave out is the narrower but very significant concept of honor - as opposed to what is sometimes called merely socially desirable conduct. 10) It is impossible for me to imagine a good society composed of men without honor. 11) Even cooperation, to give this thing its most favorable designation, is no more important than the ability to stand alone when the choice must be made between the sacrifice of ones own integrity and adjustment to or participation in group activity.12) if one person alone asserts his individual and inner right to believe in and be loyal to what his fellow men seem to have given up, then at least he will still remain what is perhaps the most important part of humanity. III. Language Work1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1). but they vote for foreign aid and for enlightened social measures. formally express their preference for 2). College students, put on their honor, cheat on examination. trusted to keep their word3). If everybody does it, it must be right. one is justified to do it 4). And persona, as opposed to social decency, doesnt count for much. in contrast with; matter very much 5). What social morality and social conscience leave out is the narrower but very significant concept of honor. does not include as a part of it 6). Suppose that no one except the individual suffers from the fact that he sees nothing wrong in doing what everybody else does? regards as totally acceptable 7). If that is so, then they have a wrong notion of what the real, the ultimate, security is. cannot understand 2. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between fess declareProfess often means to claim that one does or has something, but in fact they do not, while declare is to say that something is true in a firm and deliberate way.1). Nobody, at this time of economic depression, could afford to profess that they were not interested in the job.2). The armed forces professed to be unable to stop the violence, while in reality, they were helping set the terror in motion.3). They ceremoniously cut a piece of ribbon, declaring the exhibition open.4). It was difficult to quantify an exact figure as firms were reluctant to declare their losses. wicked evilWicked and evil are often interchangeable in that both mean morally bad or sinful, though evil sounds much stronger. In an abstract sense, evil is the polar opposite of good and can suggest utter and insidious malevolence, or influence by the devil. Wicked can often be used in a humorous, tongue-in-cheek, or even admiring way.1). With her wicked sense of humour, she managed to enter the world of popular entertainment.2). The eternal struggle between good and evil forces is the basis for morality refinement. Evil spirits who looked like humans and possessed supernatural powers used to be very popular in this part of the country.3). The tennis players wicked serve did not give his opponent any chance.content contentedBoth words refer to the appeasement of need or desire. Contented refers to the fulfilling of requirements to the point of satiation, while content almost exclusively appears as a predicate adjective and suggests not the full or complete filling of needs or desire, but the willingness to accept a modest or reasonable amount. 1). Seeing her coming, his face was beaming with contented smiles.2). The media is no longer content to keep the boss happy, but it is assuming a new role of finding faults with the boss.3). It was a serene countryside, with all the contented cows and sheep grazing on the slope.4). The families of disappeared prisoners are not content with a mere search for the truth, and insist that the army officials be brought to trial.enlighten acquaintAcquaint and enlighten both mean to impart knowledge of a wide scope, with the former being to make someone familiar with facts or a situation of some complexity, and the latter, as its root suggests, meaning to bring information to light, usually about a particular point or situation and carrying an element of dispelling ignorance. 1). The ill-informed will find their curiosity aroused and their ignorance partly enlightened.2). For the first few weeks, I managed to acquaint myself with the details of the new post.3). The study of ancient Greece, the source of enlightened culture, was once seen as the basis of a sound moral and aesthetic understanding.4). He was as well acquainted with exile and imprisonment as he was with the British Museum 3.Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate vostdistributereprehensible consentprofessenlightenbeneficentadministerbureaucrat convictionscandal mores1). The new economic plan seeks to achieve a more equitable distribution of wealth.2). A number of enlightened landowners have recently set an example by making land available at less than normal market value.3). The consensus amongst the worlds scientists is that the world is likely to warm up over the next few decades.4). It is useless trying to convince her that she doesnt need to lose any weight.5). A great number of industries have to sack managers to reduce their huge administrative costs.6). Sadly, the main beneficiaries of pension equality so far have been men, not women.7). He professed a violent distaste for everything related to commerce, production, and money. 8). To make a sound diplomat is to first believe that bureaucratic delays are inevitable.4. Make a sentence of your own for each of the given words with meanings other than those used in the text. You may change the part of speech of these words.1). rock Our film industry is on the rocks. 2). stress She could think clearly when not under stress. 3). permit It is illegal for a foreign student with a J-1 visa to work, part-time or full-time, without a work permit. 4). sound He was lying in bed, sound asleep.5). odd How long have you lived here? Twenty odd years. 6). exclusive The contest was criticized for being too exclusive and uncompetitive. 5. Transform the following sentences, using verbless clauses wherever possible.1). The man could hardly walk, as he was stiff in every joint. Stiff in every joint, the man could hardly walk. 2). The soldiers were exhausted when they crawled into their sleeping bags. Exhausted, the soldiers crawled into their sleeping bags. 3). The rescue party brought the man down to the base camp: he was half-dead with the cold. Half dead with the cold, the man was brought down to the base camp by the rescue party. 4). Michaels father hurried to his room and woke him up because he was angry with him for oversleeping. Angry with him for oversleeping, Michaels father hurried to his room and woke him up. 5). Although he was a mathematician by training, he became a famous linguist. Although / Though a mathematician by training, he became a famous linguist. 6). Our company will stick to our policy, whatever your objections may be. Our company will stick to our policy, whatever your objections. 7). Stellas friend did not need to work hard for the diploma since he was the heir to a fortune. The heir to a fortune, Stellas friend did not need to work hard for the diploma.8). Though he was an even-tempered man, Richard nevertheless became extremely angry when he heard what Bob had said. An even-tempered man, Richard nevertheless became extremely angry when he heard what Bob had said.9). Being a notorious burglar, Ted found it easy to force open the locked door. A notorious burglar, Ted found it easy to force open the locked door.10). He sat beside Diana, feeling the warmth of the sun against his face, and as a result he was able to relax for the first time in days. He sat beside Diana, feeling the warmth of the sun against his face, able to relax for the first time in days. Note: In a verbless clause, not only the verb, either finite or non-finite, but the subject as well, is usually absent. It, therefore, takes the ellipsis of clause elements one stage further than the non-finite clause. The omitted finite verb can generally be assumed to be a form of the verb be, and the subject, when omitted, can be treated as recoverable from the context. On occasion, a verbless clause can also be treated as a reduction of a non-finite clause. A verbless clause can generally be a noun phrase or an adjective phrase, or, sometimes, such a phrase preceded by a subordinate conjunction.6. Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context.Remorseless drinking has long been as much as a ritual of university life in the U.S. as football, final exams and fraternity parties. (1) Almost every college graduate can spin at least a (2) few tales about a boisterous night of carousing that culminated in slugging shots of tequila at sunrise or tossing drained kegs into the presidents pool. Even Thomas Jefferson had to contend with a group of drunken rowdies who caused a near riot at the school that he (3) founded in 1819, the University of Virginia. Ever since then, periodical efforts to crack down on (4) excessive alcohol consumption among young scholars have been largely futile.Enforcing strict rules on university turf seems to push the parties (5) off campus. Raising the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 in the 1980s merely triggered a boom in the (6) business of creating fake identification cards.It is not clear in the study (7) whether American students are drinking more than in the past. In fact, some schools claim to be seeing slight declines in overall alcohol consumption. But the findings suggest that among the many students who like to binge, there is a more relentless, desperate (8) quality to the pursuit of intoxication. The drinkers also seem more blas than (9) ever about the consequences. Look, this is nothing, a 20-year-old University of New Hampshire student tells a reporter as she downs her fourth beer at a mid-week party. We did the same thing last night and turned out for exams. We can (10) handle it.IV. Translation1. Translating Sentences1). 没有必要装出一副受到伤害的表情是你理亏。 (put on) Theres no need to put on that injured expression youre in the wrong.2). 我一直认为快乐和知足比金钱和名望更重要。 (count) Ive always believed that pleasure and self-contentedness count more than money and fame.3). 压力很容易使人作出错误的决定。 (lead sb. to do sth. ) Being under pressure can easily lead people to make the wrong decisions.4). 精英一族似乎满足于只在他们那个小圈子里打交道。 (content) The elite seem content to socialize with the small circle of their own.5). 学生在英语学习中必须强调培养交际能力。(lay stress upon) Stress should be laid upon the training of students communicative competence in their English studies.6). 董事会对公司在最困难的时刻收到的来自各方的经济援助表示谢意。 (acknowledge) The board of directors acknowledged the financial assistance received from all sources at the companys most difficult time. 7). 反对党抗议那是由执政党操纵的舞弊选举。 (rigged) Opposition parties protested that it was a rigged election manipulated by the ruling party.8). 他几十年前作的许多预测现在都被印证了。 (turn out ) Many of his predictions made decades ago have turned out to be true now. 2. Translating PassageTranslate the following into English.美国人无论在生理上还是在精神上永远处在矛盾混乱的状态。我们拼命工作，许多人劳累而死，然后作为补偿，我们玩命娱乐，形同自杀。我们既自强自立，同时又完全依赖他人。我们咄咄逼人，却又毫无防卫能力。我们溺爱孩子，但并不喜欢他们；反过来，孩子过分依赖父母，却又对父母满腔怨愤。我们为自己的财产、住房和教育而沾沾自喜，然而没有一个男人或女人不希望下一代生活得更好。美国人相当友善好客，乐于接待客人和陌生人，然而当一个人奄奄一息地躺在人行道上时，人们只会围作一圈，冷漠旁观。我们不惜巨资把困在树上的猫或掉进下水道的狗拯救出来，但当一个女孩在大街上尖声呼救时，回应的只有砰然关闭的门窗和人们无声的寂静。参考译文Americans seem to be in a state of turmoil, both physically and mentally. We work too hard, and many die under the strain; and then to make up for that we play violently like committing suicide. We are self-reliant and at the same time completely dependent. We are aggressive, and defenseless. We overindulge our children and do not like them; the children in turn are overly dependent and full of hate for their parents. We are complacent in our possessions, in our house, in our education, but it is hard to find a man or woman who does not want something better for the next generation. Americans are remarkably kind and hospitable and open with both guests and strangers, and yet they will make a wide circle around the man dying on the pavement. Fortunes are spent getting cats out of trees and dogs out of sewer pipes, but a girl screaming for help in the street draws only slammed doors, closed windows, and silence.V. Oral Activities1. Giving A TalkWhat is happening in our society? Many things seem to have gone wrong, such as the poor quality powdered milk for babies, the unhealthy edible oil, the contaminated fast foods and drinks in the supermarkets, and whatsoever. And some people went crazy or benumbed, like the boy coming back from Japan stabbing his mother at the airport, the university student killing the woman he had knocked down accidentally with his car instead of rescuing her, the eighteen pedestrians walking past and ignoring the two-year-old girl that had been crushed by a car twice, and what else. Tell a story about