2020高三英语高考必背短语

高考必备短语concentrate 的常用短语：concentrate on 专心concentrate ones mind on 专心于类似的短语：fix ones mind uponfocus onput ones heart intofocus ones mind onlook 的常用短语：look up in查找look sb. up and down 上下打量look back to/ upon回顾look uponas把 看作look forward to期待look through浏览; 看穿take a new look呈现新面貌fear的常用短语：in fear害怕地(be) in fear of 害怕for fear of/ that担心；生怕surprise常用短语：in surprise惊讶地to ones surprise 使某人惊讶的是be surprise at/to do/that对某事感到惊讶表示“穿衣”的动作或状态的词和短语1表示动作的有：pull onput ondressdress sb2. 表示状态的有：wearbe inbe dressed inhave on常见表“喜欢”的短语和单词likecare forbe keen onbe fond oftake delight introuble的常用短语：have much trouble / no trouble (in) doing 在有/没有困难take great trouble to do不辞辛劳做某事put sb to the trouble of doing 为难某人做某事make trouble捣乱be in (great) trouble惹麻烦；处在困境中help sb. out of trouble帮某人摆脱困境end的常用短语：come to an end结束put an end to 结束on end竖起, 连续in the end终于; 最后end up (by) doing以结束make both ends meet收支相抵表示“导致”、“由引起”的短语：1. 导致cause sth. (to do)result inlead to2. 由引起be caused byresult fromgrow out oflie in表“全力以赴”的短语：do / try ones bestspare no efforts to dotake great pains to dogo all out to dodo what somebody can (do) to dodo all somebody can (do) to dodirection常用短语：in (the ) direction of.朝方向under the direction of .在的指导下follow the directions照说明去做far常用短语：far from (being)离要求相差很远far from +(a place)距离某地很远far away遥远so far 到目前为止; 那么远as far as sb. knows/sees据某人所知by far(最高级前,比较级后)起强调作用distance常用短语：in the distance在远处from/ at a distance从远处keep sb. at a distance于某人保持一定距离It is no distance at all.不远use常用短语：used to do过去曾经、常做be used to doing 习惯于be used to do被用来做make good/ full use of充分利用come into use开始使用it is no use doing 干没有用“出了什么事”的几种不同表达Whats wrong with.?Whats the matter with?Whats the trouble with?What happened (to sb.) ?“众所周知”常用表达法：It is known to all that主语从句，that不能省As is known to all,定语从句，置于句首We all know (that)后接宾语从句Everyone knows (that)后接宾语从句, which is known to all.非限定从句，置于句末表“同意某人意见”的常用短语：agree with sb. /what sb. saidagree to sth.approve (of) sth.in favour of sth.be agreeable to sth.be for sth.“不同意”disagree with sb./ what sb. saidobject to sth.disapprove (of) sth.be against sth.sign的常用短语：sign ones name签名sign to sb (not) to do sth.示意某人(不)做某事signs of 的迹象would rather 与 prefer 的区别1宁愿做而不做would rather do A than do Bprefer A to Bprefer to do A rather than do B2. would rather 主语 + 过去式，表示“宁愿”eg. I would rather you came tomorrow than today.should prefer sb. to do sth./ should prefer 主语 + 过去式，表示“比较喜欢”eg. I should prefer you not to go there alone.OR: I should prefer that you did not go there alone.trap常用短语be caught in a trap落入圈套be led into a trap中圈套set a trap to do sth.设圈套be trapped in sth.被.所围困grow常用短语in the grow of在.成长中grow up长大; 成长grow rich on靠. 变富grow into长成grow out of由.引起/滋生出make常用短语be made up of =consist of 由组成make up for弥补be made from/ of由造成make up编造;组成;化妆be made into制成make fun of取笑; 嘲弄make a living 谋生supply, provide, offer 的区别：1表示“向某人提供某物”supply / provide sb. with sth.supply / provide sth. for sb.supply sth. to sb.offer sb. sth.2. 表示“主动提出做某事”offer to do sth.3. 表示“倘使”、“假如”provided / providing that= on condition that=only if4. 表示“满足需要”supply / meet a need.supply的常用短语in short supply 缺乏，不足medical/military supply医疗/军用品supplies of许多lack的常用短语be lacking in sth. 在不足make up for the lack of弥补的不足for/by/from/through lack of由于不足,缺乏have no lack of不缺damage的常用短语do damage/harm to 对有害cause damage to 对造成损害ask for damage要求赔偿die of 与die from 的区别die of 表示“死于病”或冻死、气死，或死于过度悲伤。die of cancer/grief/hunger/anger/colddie from表示死于外伤、事故、劳累过度。如：die from polluted air/overwork/sword thrustdie常用短语die for ones country为国捐躯die down熄灭、平息die off绝种、枯死die away消逝、静下来die a heroic death英勇牺牲threaten常用短语threaten sb. with sth.用威胁某人threaten to do威胁做under the threat of在的威胁下speed常用短语speed up加速at the speed of以.的速度with great speed迅速aim常用短语take aim at瞄准reach an aim达到目的aim at瞄准、针对permit与allow 的区别表“允许做某事”或“允许某人做某事”用法基本相同。permit/allow doing sth.permit/allow sb. to do sth.permit /allow of sth一般在独立主格结构中表示“时间、条件等许可”，多用permitTime/Weather permitting, Ill drop in on her.allow 还可以表示“承认”、“考虑到”。例如：1. We allow him to be wronged.2. will take an hour to go there, allowing for traffic delays.means常用短语by means of通过., 靠by this means/ in this way用这种方法by no means/in no case决不by all means用一切办法keep常用短语keep up with紧跟.keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做keep sb. from doing sth.阻止.做keep off the grass勿踏草地keep to the point紧扣主题keep in touch with与保持联系mark常用短语make ones mark成功、出名be marked with标明gain/get full marks for 得满分seat常用短语take ones seat坐下have a seat请坐see/find sb. seated看见/发现某人坐在.be seated就座, 坐着seat oneself in/at/on使自己坐在部分 动词+ to + doing 的用法look forward toget down toobject todevote topay attention toprefertogive常用短语give up放弃give in让步屈服give off 散发出give away赠送、泄漏give rise to 引起give out 疲劳、用完、散发出fit常用短语be fit for适合keep fit/keep healthy保持健康be fit to do 适合于.fit in with适应a nice fit合身的衣服fit sb.某人穿. 合身reach 常用短语reach an agreement达成协议reach for伸手去拿/够within / out of reach够得到/够不着reach sbs understanding 使某人明白feed常用短语feed sth. to sb/feed sb. on sth. 用喂养be fed up of/ be tired of/ be bored with对感到厌倦feed on以为食mercy常用短语without mercy残忍地have mercy on /upon 对表示怜悯at the mercy of任凭摆布beg for mercy 乞求饶恕exist常用短语exist in/lie in/consist in存在于in existence 现存的come into existence/ come into being 形成opinion常用短语in ones opinion =in the opinion of sb.在某人看来have a high/ low opinion of对评价高/低give ones opinion on对谈自己的看法persuade常用短语persuade sb. to do =persuade sb. into doing说服某人做某事try to persuade sb. to do试图说服某人做某事persuade sb. to sth.说服某人同意某事engage 常用短语be engaged to sb.与某人订婚be engaged in sth. =be engaged doing sth.忙于, 从事某事wide 与broad 的区别它们均可以表“宽”和“广阔的”a river 50 feet wide/ broad指身体部位“宽肩、宽背”一般用broad, 表示“睁大眼睛、张大嘴巴”一般用wide。broad shoulders/ backwith wide eyesopen ones mouth widewide 还可以作副词，表示“完全、大大地”be wide awakebe wide opensure常用短语be sure of/about对由把握be sure to do sth.肯定会make sure + that-clause务必,一定要make sure of弄清楚experience 常用短语have experience in在有经验be experienced in在有经验pain 常用短语take great pains to do努力做某事spare no pains to do全力以赴做某事stick 常用短语stick to sth.坚持stick on粘贴be stuck in 陷进stick no bills请勿张贴spare 常用短语spare money/time for省出钱，腾出时间in ones spare time在某人业余时间spare no efforts to do不遗余力去做dont spare the opinions不要保留意见put down的不同含义put down (ones knife and fork) 放下pit down the rebellion镇压put down what sb. says记下，写下take up 的不同含义take up a hobby培养take up football开始take up the work继续take uptime/space消耗,占据take up a post就职take up a song/ cry跟着一起habit 常用短语form/get the habit of养成习惯be in/have the habit of有.习惯get into the habit of沾染了恶习get rid of the habit=grow out of the habit=break away from the habit改掉了习惯一、 按小词（介词、副词）记忆l动词+aboutspeaktalk about 谈论think about 思考care about关心，对有兴趣bring about 引起，使发生set about 着手，开始come about 发生h ear about 听说worry about 为担心2动词+awaythrow away 扔掉blow away 吹走carry away 拿走，使入迷clear away 清除掉，消散die away 逐渐消失,减弱 pass away 去世wash away 冲走take away 拿走，使消失put away 收拾起来，存起来 give away 背弃，泄漏，赠送wear away 磨掉，消耗 break away 摆脱send away 让走开 turn away 把打发走3动词+backkeep back 隐瞒，忍住 look back(on) 回顾hold back 控制住 give back 归还call back 回电话 take back 拿回，收回4动词+forrun for 竞选 ask for 要求得到wait for 等候stand for 代表，表示long for 渴望 hope/wish for 希望得到care for 关心，喜欢 beg for 乞求search for 查找 look for 寻找call for 需要，要求 hunt for 寻找changefor 用换 chargefor 收费，要价apply for 申请takefor 误以为是seek for 寻找 come for 来拿，来取5动词+downburn down 烧毁 break down 坏了，垮了，分解take down 记下，记录 turn down 调小，拒绝cut down 削减，砍倒 slow down 慢下来pass down 传下来 put down 记下，写下，镇压calm down 平静下来 bring down 使降低，使倒下settle down 安家 come down 下落，传下tear down 拆毁，拆除6动词+atcome at 向袭击 shout at 冲(某人)嚷嚷run at 冲向，向攻击 work at 干活动(研究)tear at 用力撕 look at 看，注视stare at 凝视 glare at 怒视glance at 匆匆一瞥 laugh at 嘲笑knock at 敲(门、窗等) point at 指向smile at 冲(某人)笑 strike at 向打击aim at 向瞄准 shoot at 向射击wonder at 惊讶 call at 拜访(地点)7动词+fromdiffer from 与不同 suffer from 受苦 hear from 收到来信 die from 因而死keepstoppreventfromlearn from 向学习 result from 由于date from 始于时期 separatefrom 把分离开8动词+ofthink of 想到dream of 梦到consist of 由组成 speak of 谈到approve of 赞成 die of 死于talk of 谈到 hear of 听说complain of 抱怨 become of 发生情况，怎么啦9动词+offstart off 出发set off 出发leave off 中断 show off 炫耀get off 下车 take off 脱下，起飞see off 送行 ring off 挂断电话put off 延期，推迟 come off 脱落，褪色cut off 切断，断绝 fall off 跌落，掉下keep off 避开，勿走近 go off 走开；消失；坏了,爆炸，不喜欢knockoff 把撞落 break off 打断pay off 还清 carry off 携走带走，赢得get off 脱下(衣服等) give off 散发出turn(switch) off 关掉10动词+ondepend on 依靠 rely on 依靠insist on 坚持 carry on 继续，进行keepgo on 继续 spendon 在花钱put on 穿上，戴上，上演 call on 拜访move on 继续移动，往前走 live on 以为生feed on 以为生 bring on 使发展take on 雇用，呈现(新面貌等) try on 试穿have on 穿着 pass on 传授，传递look on 旁观 turn(switch) on 打开11动词+outbreak out 爆发point out 指出pick out 选出figure out 算出，理解burst out 进发bring out 阐明，使表现出carry out 执行，进行help out 救助hold out 坚持下去set out 出发，着手，摆放wear out 穿破，使疲劳turn out 结果是，生产，培养make out 理解，看清楚come out 出版，出来cross out 划掉leave out 省略，删掉keep out(of) 使不进入，挡住work out 算出，想出办法等find out 查出，弄明白give out 散发，分发，用完try out 试用，试验look out 当心，提防put out 扑灭speak out 大胆讲出hand out 散发send out 发出，派遣run out 用完go out 熄灭let out 泄漏，发出(声音)，出租die out 灭绝12动词十ingive in 让步hand in 上交bring in 引进，使得到收入drop in 拜访result in 导致succeed in 在获成功join in 参加take in 接纳，吸收，改小get in 收获，进入break in 强制进入，插话fill in 填写call in 召集，来访cut in 插入persist in 坚持look in 来访，参观13动词十intolook into 研究，调查turn into 变成burst into 闯入，进发divideinto 把分成changeinto 把变成puttranslateinto 把译成run into碰到send sb to/into sleep 使进入状态14动词+overturn over 翻倒，细想think over 仔细考虑go over 审阅，检查，研究look over 翻阅，检查get over 克服run over 压死，看一遍take over 接管，接替watch over 看守，照看fall over 跌倒，摔倒roll over 翻滚15动词十tobelong to 属于object to 反对refer to 谈到，涉及，参阅point to 指向turn to 向求助，查阅stickholdkeep to 坚持，忠于see to 处理，料理come to 共计，苏醒reply to 答复get to 到达bring to 使苏醒把比作 compareto 与相比;把比作agree to 同意write to 写信给supplyto 为提供lead to 导致，通向add to 增添attend to 处理,专心，照料devoteto 贡献给16动词+upgrow up 成长，长大give up 放弃，献出build up 建立set up 架起、建立put up 搭起，架起，安装，住宿，张贴，盖起do up 整理，包装，打扮go up 增长，上涨get up 起床，站起pick up 拾起，学会，用车，来接，收听到bring up 抚养，呕吐，提出 出现turn up 开大(音量等)，出席stay up 挺住，熬夜take up 开始学，从事，占据sit up 熬夜eat up 吃完use up 用完tear up 撕碎lay up 储存make up构成，组成 编造 弥补cut up 切碎join up 联结起来，参军end up 总结come up 上来，长出，出现speed up 加快速度throw up 呕吐clear up 整理，收拾，放晴look up 查找，找出bum up 烧毁catch up 赶上hurry up 赶快fix up 修理，安排，装置keep up 保持hold up 耽搁，使停顿send up 发射ring up 打电话open up 开创，开辟divide up 分配break up 分解17动词十throughget through 通过，干完，接通电话look through 翻阅，看一遍，仔细查看go through 审阅，检查，学习putthrough 接通电话see through 识破check through 核对pull through 渡过危机，康复18动词+withdeal with 处理，对付do with 处理，需要meet with 遇到，遭受talk with 同交谈agree with 同意，与一致 compare with 与相比combine with 与相联合 equipwith 以装备coverwith 用覆盖begin with 以开始end up with 以结束 supplywith 以供给providewith 以供给play with 玩，玩弄19三词以上的短语动词add up to 总计break away from 摆脱keep away from 避开，别靠近 do away with 废除look down on 轻视look up to 仰望，尊敬put up with 忍受catch up with 赶上keep up with 赶上run out of 用完make up for 弥补go on with 继续get on(along) with 和相处look forward to 盼望get close to 接近take hold of 握住get out of 逃避，避免get down to 认真开始set fire to 放火烧pay attention to 注意take notice of 注意set an example to 为榜样do well in 在干得好pay a visit to 访问take a photo of 拍照片take the place of 取代二、 易混短语强化记忆1. in turn一个接一个地in return 作为回报 I tried to do a good deed, but this is what I got in return,by turns=one after the othertake turn to do sth.轮流做某事turn secretary=become a secretaryturn to sb ( for help ) turn up=appearturn out=prove to be / produceturn down 拒绝=refuse；音量调低 ；向下翻；2. If she spent five years in Paris, how come she cant speak a word of French?她假若在巴黎呆了五年，怎麽一句法语都不会说呢？come across 越过某处；被理解；偶然发现,偶然遇到come into beingexistence出现，开始形成，建立come into useservice 开始使用 （无被动）come out 出来; 出发；出版；名列；（总数等）达到（+ at/to）come to light 泄露（真相）；被发现cf. Your statement does not throw light on the subject. 并没有说明问题come true实现，变成现实 My dream has come true. 我的一个梦想实现了。Cf. realize ones dream reach ones goal turn sth into realitycome up 升起；走进；种子生长发育； 被提出come up with an idea（突然）想出办法3. go all out to do sth 全力以赴去做某事 =try one best to=do what / all one can togo beyond 超出；超出的能力 go beyond ones ability / imagination / controlgo in for参与，参与（竞赛等）；从事（某项工作）；爱好，酷爱go out (火)熄灭,过时了cf. put out the fire（灭火） put off 推迟, 延期( put off the meeting )；put down the rebellion(镇压)go with 相配 （同义词match / go along with）4. keep in touch with与保持联系(指状态)get in touch with (指动作)keep up your courage保持勇气，别泄气keep up with 跟上 catch up with 赶上5. look down upon/ on sb 轻视某人；鄙视某人/某物look on /upon sb./sth. as 把.看作.(近义词组：regardas; treatas; consideras/to be)look over 对审阅；粗略地看；翻阅look up a word in a dictionary查阅look through 透过看（尤指空隙或透明物体等）；（从头到尾）初略地翻阅look up to sb 尊敬某人look sb. in the eye 盯着6. make oneself at home（如同在家一般）随便些，不必客气make arrangements for为做安排make a been line for取捷径前往make room for让出地方，腾出空间make the best of 充分利用 ，尽量利用make the most of尽量利用，善于利用make up for lost time/ground加紧努力补回失去或落后的时间make oneself heard / understood使自己被别人听到/听懂理解make good /no sense有意义/没意义make tea/coffee 泡茶/咖啡make for有助于，使成为 Cultural exchanges make for mutual understanding.7. put away 放好；收起来；把放在原位；储藏 放弃put aside放在一边；抛弃；暂时不做；留出(时间),省出(钱)put sth. in order（使）整齐put on weight增加体重(lose weight减肥，减少体重)put on your clothes穿衣 take off your clothes脱衣put an end/stop to制止，使停止，结束cf. come to an end（某事）结束 end up with failure以失败而告终put up with和某人住在一起；忍受，忍耐=bear / standput through 做成，完成；接通电话 使通过考试；使经历（难受的事）8. take sb. by surprise （出人意料地）攻占；撞见take A for B 把A误认为是Btake sb./sth. for granted认为是必然情况，视为当然take sth. into account/consideration加以考虑；予以重视take advantage of 利用；占的便宜take the opportunity of抓住机会；利用（机会）take charge of开始负的责；看管；控制take it easy=Dont be nervoustake your time 从容 Take your time. There is still half an hour left.take the place of代替 cf. stand for代表take on a new look 呈现新面貌 take off脱下,起飞take on sb 雇用 =employ sb=hire sbtake in fresh air=absorbtake up 占据(时间,地方)；从事于 take up space / much time take up a city攻占城市take up arms (against)拿起武器反对，武装起来与作对take over接管,接替9. turn down 拒绝；音量调低 ；向下翻；turn out制造出，生产出，培养出；结局是，结果是；原来是It turns out that知道是，结果证明是It is ones turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事turn over a new leaf重新生活，改过自新turn in sth to sb 上交10. not a little=much not a bit=not at all=not in the least-Are you hungry?-Not a little. I could eat a horse.11. break away from（the Union ）脱离（联邦）get rid of bad habit 去掉do away with废除12. drop in at a place drop in on ab 顺便拜访13. due to=caused byThe accident was due to careless driving.owing to=because of Owing to the rain they could come.thanks to=as a result of Thanks to your help we were successful.14. feel like doing=would like to do15. figure out=imagine=work out make out 辩认，拼凑16. have a gift for=be talented at17. in short简言之 in a word 一句话18. knock into sb=happen to meet sb cf. knock sb down 撞倒19. let out a cry of surprise= cry out20. It i