结构专业常用英语词汇

结结构构专专业业常常用用英英语语词词汇汇 1.1. 一一般般术术语语 房屋建筑工程building engineering土木工程civil engineering 建构筑物construction works结构structure 基础foundation地基ground; foundation soils 木结构timber structure砌体结构masonry structure 钢结构steel structure混凝土结构concrete structure 特种结构 special engineering structure 房屋建筑building 工业建筑industrial building民用建筑civil building 水工建筑物marine structure剪力墙结构shear wall structure 混合结构mixed structure板柱结构slab-column system 框架结构frame structure壳结构shell structure 拱结构arch strucuture桁架结构truss 网架结构space grid structure悬索结构cable-suspended structure 框架-剪力墙结构 frame-shear wall structure 筒体结构tube structure 高耸结构high-rise structure斜拉桥cable stayed bridge 悬索桥suspension bridge桁架桥trussed bridge 拱桥arch bridge引桥approach span 桥墩pier隧道tunnel 混凝土坝concrete dam渠道channel 2.2. 结结构构构构件件 构件member部件component; assembly parts 梁beam截面section 板slab; plate柱column 墙wall壳shell 桁架truss框架frame 刚架rigid frame排架bent frame 简支梁 simply supported beam悬臂梁cantilever beam 连续梁continuous beam叠合梁superposed beam 伸缩缝 expansion and contraction joint 截水沟(天沟) catch ditch; intercepting channel 排水沟 drainage ditch护坡slope protection;revetment 挡土墙retaining wall止水sealing; seal; 节点joint桩pile 沉降缝settlement joint防震缝aseismic joint 施工缝construction joint 基础梁foundation beam 桩承台 pile cap; bearing platform 底板 bottom slab水池顶板basin top slab 现浇墙板cast-in-place wall panel 预制墙板pre-cast wall panel 钢筋混凝土框架 reinforced concrete frame 钢筋混凝土柱 reinforced concrete column 先张法预应力 混凝土管桩 pretensioned spun concrete piles 钢筋混凝土现浇板 cast-in-place reinforced concrete slab 斜梁 stringer平台梁 beams of platform 女儿墙 parapet人孔盖板 manhole cover 集水坑catchment pit溢流槽 flood relief channel 爬梯 ladder牛腿 bracket 仪表槽盒支架instrument trench support电缆支架cable trench support 支撑brace支架support 3.3. 结结构构材材料料 预埋件embedded plate钢板steel plate 钢圆环 steel ring plate雨水篦子板 rain water grating 钢筋reinforcing barI 级 grade I 热轧光圆钢筋 hot rolled plain steel bars 热轧带肋钢筋 hot rolled ribbed steel bars 插筋anchor rebar钢筋锚固长度bond length of rebars 钢筋搭接bar splicing箍筋stirrup 纵向钢筋longitudinal bar弯起钢筋bent-up bar 钢筋间距rod spacing;bar spacing 搭接长度overlapping length 胀锚螺栓 expansion bolts螺母nut 锚栓anchor bolt地脚螺栓foundation bolt M30六角螺帽M30 six angle screw cap 外露100，丝扣80outcrop 100mm，thread 80mm 垫片 washerC40混凝土C40 concrete: class 40 早强剂early-strength admixture 细石混凝土fine aggregate concrete 防冻附加剂antifreeze admixture配合比mixture ratio 抗渗等级P8 seepage class:抗压强度compression strength 混凝土保护层厚度minimum concrete cover普通硅酸盐水泥ordinary portland cement 砂sand卵石pebble 碎石crushed stone砾石gravel 骨料aggregate水泥cement 粘土砖clay brick垫层cushion 4.4. 地地基基基基础础 扩展基础spread foundation地基ground,foundation soils 刚性基础rigid foundation独立基础single footing 联合基础combined footing 条形基础strip founcation 壳体基础shell foundation箱形基础box foundation 筏形基础raft foundation桩基础pile foundation 沉井基础open caisson foundation 大直径桩基础cylinder pile foundation 土岩组合地基 soil-rock composite ground 地基允许变形值 allowable subsoil deformation 地基处理ground treatment复合地基composite foundation 强夯dynamic compaction支档结构retaining structure 基坑工程excavation engineering高应变动力检测 high strain dynamic testing of piles 单桩竖向抗压静 载试验 vertical compression bearing capacity static test for single pile 单桩水平静载试验 lateral bearing capacity static test for single pile 单桩竖向抗拔静 载试验 vertical up-lifting bearing capacity static test for single pile 单桩竖向抗压极限 承载力 vertical ultimate compress bearing capacity of a single pile 桩侧摩阻力skin friction resistance 桩顶水平位移lateral displacement 桩端阻力end bearing resistance单桩静载试验static test of single pile 单桩水平极限承 载力 ultimate lateral bearing capacity for a single pile 单桩竖向抗拔极限 承载力 ultimate vertical up- lifting bearing capacity for a single pile 素填土 Plain Fill粉土 Silt 粉质粘土 Silty Clay淤泥质粉质粘土Sludgy Silty Clay 粉砂Silty Sand高压缩性 high compressibility 中粗砂medium sand中等压缩性 medium compressibility 中细砂fine sand低压缩性 low compressibility 可塑硬塑状态 plastic-hard plastic泥质粉砂岩 Muddy Silty stone 流塑状态 flow plastic粉砂质泥岩 Silty mudstone 局部软塑状态 partly soft plastic泥岩 Mudstone 饱和saturated强风化 high weathered 松散incompact中等风化 medium weathered 轻微裂缝 slight defective pile断桩 breakage of pile 桩身完整 pile of body integrity 缩颈 pile diameter reduction 缺陷 defect压缩系数coefficient of compressibility 渗流 seepage flow内聚力（粘聚力） cohesion 5.5. 钢钢结结构构 钢结构 steel structure底漆 paint primer 涂层 coating中间漆intermediate painting 油漆，涂料 paint面漆 finish coat 流坠 hanging透底 disclosure 皱皮 wrinkle漏涂 miss painting 返锈 rust again漆膜厚度 film thickness 结构构件 structural member垂直支撑vertical bracing 桁架 truss小立柱 post WA325钢格栅板 WA325 grating斜梁 stringer 踏步板 treads钢梯 steel stairway 踏步钢格板 grating for stair tread 斜梯栏杆 guard rails 不锈钢栏杆 stainless steel handrail预制场地 prefabrication area 平台栏杆 GR of platform原材料 raw material 半成品 semi-finished goods除锈 remove rust, cleaning 切割 cutting喷砂 sand blasting 打磨坡口 grinding型钢 section steel 热轧工字钢hot-rolled I-beam steel 热轧钢板 hot-rolled plates 热轧不等边角钢 hot-rolled unequal-leg angle steel 热轧等边角钢 hot-rolled equal-leg angle steel 热轧H型钢hot-rolled H steel热轧槽钢hot-rolled channel steel 无缝钢管 seamless steel pipes扁钢 strap steel 不锈钢板 stainless steel plate垂直度 verticality 分片组装be assembled by sections 现场成框 framed at site 焊缝 weld seamV型坡口V-type bevel 焊缝高度 weld height焊枪 welding gun 焊缝长度 weld length焊机 welding machine 气焊 gas welding焊炬 welding torch 电焊 electric welding自动和半自动电弧焊automatic and semi-automatic welding 手工焊 hand welding对焊 butt welding 焊条 weld rod, electrode角焊缝 fillet 间断焊接 gap welding咬边 undercut 针孔 pinhole夹渣 slag 裂纹 crack烧穿 burning out 漏焊 losing welding弧坑 concavity 未焊透lack of fusion打磨 grind 火焰切割 torch cutting喷砂除锈The sand blasting 机械钻孔 drill by machine预拉力 prestressed 高强度大六角头螺栓连接副 Set of big hexagonal high-strength bolt 抗滑移系数 Slide coefficient of faying surface 扭矩系数 torsional moment coefficient 终拧扭矩final torsional moment 6.6. 荷荷载载、强强度度、可可靠靠度度 剪力shear剪切变形shear deformation 压力pressure延伸率percentage of elongation 剪切模量shear modulus拉力tension 应力stress应变strain 应力集中concentration of stress 应力松弛stress relaxation 应力图stress diagram应力状态state of stress 位移 displacement弹性变形 elastic deformation 变形 deformation塑性变形 plastic deformation 应变 strain剪应变 shear strain 线应变 linear strain主应变 principal strain 轴向力 normal force主应力 principal stress 正应力 normal stress预应力 prestress 应力应变曲线stress-strain curve裂缝crack 抗压强度compressive strength抗弯强度bending strength 抗扭强度torsional strength抗拉强度tensile strength 屈服yield屈服点yield point 屈服荷载yield load屈服极限limit of yielding 屈服强度yield strength屈服强度下限lower limit of yield 荷载load横截面section, cross 承载力bearing capacity承重结构bearing structure 弹性模量elastic modulus塑性plasticity 延性ductileity 受弯构件member in bending轴向拉力axial tension 受拉区tensile region可靠性reliability 受压区compressive region粘结力cohesive force 配筋率reinforcement ratio偏心受拉eccentric tension 配箍率stirrup ratio偏心受压eccentric compression 泊松比Poissons ratio偏心距eccentric distance 跨度span疲劳强度fatigue strength 跨高比span-to-depth ratio偏心荷载eccentric load 设计限值 limiting design value截面宽度 breadth of section 截面高度 height of section截面厚度 thickness of section 截面直径 diameter of section截面面积 area of section 截面周长 perimeter of section截面模量（抵抗矩） section modulus 截面惯性矩 second moment of area截面极惯性矩polar second moment of area 截面回转半径 radius of gyration长细比 slenderness ratio 偏心矩 eccentricity偏心率 relative ecdentricity 振动 vibration自振频率 natural frequency 加速度 acceleration振周期natural period of vibration 频率 frequency振幅 amplitude of vibration 自由度 degree of freedom振型 mode of vibration 阻尼 damp共振 resonance 强迫振动 forced vibration 设计荷载design load挠度deflection 设计强度design strength构造construction 脆性破坏brittle failure延性破坏ductile failure 可靠性 reliability适用性 serviceability 安全性 safety耐久性 durability 设计基准期 design reference period 可靠概率 probability of survival 可靠指标 reliability index失效概率 probability of failure 概率设计法 probabilistic method极限状态设计法 limit states method 容许应力设计法 permissible stresses method 正常使用极限状态 serviceability limit states 承载能力极限状态 ultimate limit states极限状态 limit states 分项系数 partial safety factor体分布力 force per unit volume 作用 action力矩 moment of force 线分布力 force per unit length永久作用 permanent action 面分布力 force per unit area可变作用 variable action 偶然作用 accidental action静态作用 static action 固定作用 fixed adtion动态作用 dynamic action 自重 self weight温度作用 temperature action 施工荷载 site load地震作用 earthquake action 土压力 earth pressure水压力 water pressure 风荷载 wind load雪荷载 snow load 风振 wind vibration吊车荷载crane load 屋面活荷载floor live load浮力 buoyance 浪压力（波浪力） wave pressure泥沙压力 silt pressute 冰压力 ice pressure冻胀力 frost heave force 静水压强 hydro-static pressure静水总压力total hydro-static pressure 动水压强 hydro-dynamic pressure 压力水头 pressure head 作用代表值 representative value of an action 作用准永久值 quasi-permanent value of an action 作用标准值 characteristic value of an action 作用组合值 combination value of actions 作用设计值 design value of an action 作用效应 effects of actions 作用组合值系数 coeffcient for combination value of actions 作用效应系数 coefficient of effects of actions 作用效应基本组 合 fundamental combination for action effects 短期效应组合 combination for short- term action effects 作用效应偶然组 合 accidental combination for action effects 长期效应组合 combination for long-term action effects 轴线axes标高elevation; datum mark 坐标coordinate基准点，标高datum mark 中心标高center elevation绝对标高absolute elevation 相对标高relative elevation平面控制plane control 高程控制elevation control水准点bench mark 经纬仪transit坐标控制点coordinate control points 水准仪surveyor level测杆surveying rod 钢卷尺steel tape测距仪range finder 7.7. 土土建建施施工工 挖掘 excavate履带式推土机crawler dozer 挖土机 excavator履带式起重机crawler crane 反铲挖土机 back digger压路机 road roller 挖沟机 trench digger翻斗车 tipping skip 铲运机 scraper自卸卡车 dumping truck 洒水车 sprinkler回填 back fill 土方工程 earth work蛙式打夯机 frog rammer 钢筋切断机 bar cutter钢筋弯曲机 angle-bender 基坑foundation pit双排竖管脚手架independent scaffold 脚手架 scaffold管子脚手架pipe scaffold 单排竖管脚手架putlog scaffold满堂脚手架full framing 立杆 the standing pole扫地杆 ground bars 横杆 ledger脚手板 scaffold board 防护栏 protective barrier, guard rail 隔离剂 isolating agent 扣件 coupler旋转扣件swivel coupler 十字扣件double coupler套筒扣件sleeve coupler 钢筋加工 rebar fabrication铁丝 iron wire 钢筋连接 rebar connection绑扎lashing 搭接 lap焊接 welding 搭接接头 lap joint焊接接头 welded joint 搭接焊 lap welding砂浆垫块mortar block 制模，模板工程formwork组合钢模板 combined steel formwork 模板form模板配板 formwork configura