机电专业英语第2版10Unit-10

NCProgram,Unit10,数控编程,ThePlantofCNCMachines(数控机床车间),NCProgram,Text,AgroupofcommandsgiventotheCNCforoperatingthemachineiscalledtheprogramByspecifyingthecommands,toolismovedalongastraightlineoranarc,orthespindlemotoristurnedonandoff.Intheprogram，specifythecommandsinthesequenceofactualtoolmovements(Fig.10-1a)AgroupofcommandsateachstepofthesequenceiscalledtheblockTheprogramconsistsofagroupofblocksforaseriesofmachiningThenumberfordiscriminatingeachblockiscalledthesequencenumber,andthenumberfordiscriminatingeachprogramiscalledtheprogramnumber,Text,Theblockandtheprogramhavethefollowingconfigurations(Fig.10-1b)Ablockstartswithasequencenumbertoidentifytheblockandendswithanend-of-blockcode.Thismanualindicatestheend-ofblockcodeby：(LFintheISOcodeandCRintheEIAcode)AprogramsectionconsistsofseveralblocksAprogramsectionstartswithaprogramnumberandendswithaprogramendcodeNormally，aprogramnumberisspecifiedaftertheend-of-block(；)codeatthebeginningoftheprogram，andaprogramendcode(M02orM30)isspecifiedattheendoftheprogram(Fig.10-1c),Text,Therearetwoprogramtypes,mainprogramandsubprogramWhenmachiningofthesamepatternappearsatmanyportionsofaprogram,aprogramforthepatterniscreatedThisiscalledthesubprogramOntheotherhand,theoriginalprogramiscalledthemainprogramNormally,theCNCoperatesaccordingtothemainprogramHowever,whenacommandcallingasubprogramisencounteredinthemainprogram,controlispassedtothesubprogramWhenacommandspecifyingareturntothemainprogramisencounteredinasubprogram,controlisreturnedtothemainprogram.SeeFig.10-2TheCNCmemorycanholdupto400mainprogramsandsubprograms(63asstandard)Amainprogramcanbeselectedfromthestoredmainprogramstooperatethemachine,NewWordsandPhrases,arc:kn弧线,弧（度）；弧光（全称electricarc）；弧形物；天穹specifyspesfai,-si-vt.指定；列举；详细说明；把列入说明书sequencesi:kwnsn次序，顺序vt.按顺序排好blockblkn程序块;块；街区；障碍物；大厦vt.阻塞；阻止discriminatingdiskrimineitiadj.有识别力的；识别的；有差别的preparatorypriprtri,prep-adj.预备的dimensiondimenn,dai-n维数configurationkn,fijureinn.配置；结构；外形identifyaidentifaivt.识别；确定；使参与；把看成一样subprogramsb,prugrm,-rmn子程序；次程序；辅程序,NewWordsandPhrases,miscellaneousmisleinisadj.各种各样的；多方面的，多才多艺的patternptnn图形，图案originalridnladj.原始的；最初的；新颖的；独创的encounterinkauntn.遭遇，偶然碰见v.遭遇，邂逅；遇到instructioninstrknn指令;命令；指示；用法说明ISO(InternationalOrganizationforStandardization)国际标准化组织sequencenumber序号EIA(ElectronicIndustriesAssociation)电子工业联合会,Languagepoints,1Thenumberfordiscriminatingeachblockiscalledthesequencenumber，andthenumberfordiscriminatingeachprogramiscalledtheprogramnumber译文：区分各个组块的号称为顺序号，区分每个程序的号称为程序号。2Ablockstartswithasequencenumbertoidentifytheblockandendswithanend-of-blockcode译文：一个程序块以一个顺序号开始并以一个程序块结束码结束。,Languagepoints,说明：句中startwith以开始；endwith以结束。Letsstartwithwhatyouknowdirectly.让我们直接从你所知道的开始。Thislineshouldbeginwithacapitalletterandendwithaperiod.这一行应该以大写字母开头，以句号结尾。WilltheCopenhagenclimateconferenceendwithadealoncarbonemissions?哥本哈根气候会议将会为碳排放收场？,Languagepoints,3Whenmachiningofthesamepatternappearsatmanyportionsofaprogram，aprogramforthepatterniscreatedThisiscalledthesubprogram译文：在一个程序的许多部分出现相同图形的加工时，专为该图形编写出一个程序称为子程序。4However，whenacommandcallingasubprogramisencounteredinthemainprogram，controlispassedtothesubprogram译文：不过，在主程序内遇到一个调用子程序的命令时，控制传到该子程序上。说明：句中ispassedto传给，转到。Thetrustsuchfirmsplaceinusispassedtoclients.这些公司对我们的信任将直接嘉惠我们的客户。,Languagepoints,Thespiritispasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.这种精神一代一代地传了下来。5Whenacommandspecifyingareturntothemainprogramisencounteredinasubprogram，controlisreturnedtothemainprogram译文：在一个子程序内遇到一个返回主程序的命令时，控制返回主程序。说明：句中returnto回到，恢复。Thingswillreturntonormalbeforetoolong.用不了太久，情况就会恢复正常。Doctorssayshecanreturntoschoolinaboutaweek.医生说她大约一星期之后就能回到学校。,Exercises,I.Answerthefollowingquestions1Whatisaprogram?2Whatistheblock?Theblockmeansagroupofcommandsateachstepofthesequence3BrieflydescribetheblockconfigurationAblockstartswithasequencenumbertoidentifytheblockandendswithanend-of-blockcode.4BrieflydescribetheprogramconfigurationAprogramsectionconsistsofseveralblocksAprogramsectionstartswithaprogramnumberandendswithaprogramendcode,Key,AgroupofcommandsgiventotheCNCforoperatingthemachineiscalledtheprogram.,Key,Key,Key,Exercises,II.Placea“T”(true)oran“F”(false)besidethesentencesaccordingtothetext.1AgroupofcommandsgiventotheCNCforoperatingthemachineiscalledtheblock2Agroupofcommandsateachstepofthesequenceiscalledtheprogram3Sequencenumberisusedtodiscriminatingtheblock4AprogramsectionstartswithaprogramnumberandendswithM02orM305Whenmachiningofthesamepatternappearsatmanyportionsofaprogram，theprogramiscreatedtothesubprogram,Key,F,Key,F,Key,T,Key,T,Key,F,Exercises,III.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Intheprogram，specifythecommandsinthesequenceofactualtoolmovements在程序中，命令根据实际的刀具运动顺序来选定。2.Ablockstartswithasequencenumbertoidentifytheblockandendswithanend-of-blockcode一个程序块以一个顺序号开始并以一个程序块结束码结束。3.Therearetwoprogramtypes,mainprogramandsubprogram程序有两种类型：主程序与子程序。4.NormallytheCNCoperatesaccordingtothemainprogram通常情况下，CNC根据主程序来操作。,Key,Key,Key,Key,TranslatingSkills非谓语动词V-ing的用法,非谓语动词是动词的一种非限定形式，不可单独作谓语，其形式不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词有三种形式：V-ing,V-ed,to-V。由于非谓语动词由动词变化而来，因此它也保留了动词的特性，可带有自己的宾语和状语。V-ing形式通常被划分为动名词和现代分词。在使用时也可不加区分，但要准确把握其用法，弄清V-ing形式在句中的作用及意义。V-ing(或V-ing短语)可在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语等。1.作主语Knowinghowtousecomputerisuseful.知道怎样使用电脑是很有用的。,TranslatingSkills,Controllingamachinetoolusingapunchedtapeorstoredprogramisknownasnumericalcontrol(NC).数字控制就是利用穿孔纸带或储存的程序来控制机床。2.作表语Hisgreatfunischattingwithstrangersonline.他最大的乐趣就是在网上和陌生人聊天。3.作宾语Theyareconsideringchangingtheiroperationplan.他们正在考虑改变操作计划。Thesecondstepinminimizingcostsofproductionischoosingthecheapestofthetechnicalefficientalternatives.降低生产成本的第二个措施是选用最便宜的技术上有效地替代品。,TranslatingSkills,4.作定语单个的V-ing作定语时，常放在被修饰名词的前面（也可放其后）；但V-ing短语作定语时一般放在被修饰名词的后面。Allmovingbodieshaveenergy.所有运动着的物体都有能量。Adirectcurrentisacurrentflowingalwaysinthesamedirection.直流电流是指电流总向同一个方向流动的电流。5.状语V-ing短语作状语时，常表示逐句谓语动词的动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步、伴随情况等。它们可置于句首、句中或句尾。Havingneverhandledamachine,hemetwithalotofdifficultiesatfirst.由于他从来没开过机器，一开始碰到很多困难。（原因状语）Whenmeasuringcurrent,thecircuitmustbeopenedandthemeterinsertedinserieswiththecircuitorcomponenttobemeasured.当测量电流时，必须断开电路，以将万用表与待测电路或元器件相串联。（时间状语）,TranslatingSkills,6.做主语或宾语的补足语Weputahandaboveanelectricfireandfeelthehotairrising.我们把手放在电炉的上方，就会感觉到热空气在上升。Hefoundthemachinestoppingworking.他发现机床停止了转动。7.V-ing的独立主格结构多数情况下V-ing形式的逻辑主语和主句的主语相一致，但有时不一致，这时V-ing形式的逻辑主语和V-ing构成其独立结构。WithMr.Greentakingthelead,theydecidedtosetupatradingcompany.以格林先生为首，他们决定成立一个贸易公司。,ReadingMore,ExampleProgramShowingInthisparticularexample，wearemillingaroundtheoutsideofaworkpiececontourNoticethatweareusingaoneinchdiameterendmillformachiningthecontourandweareprogrammingtheverycenteroftheendmillLater，duringkeyconceptnumberfour，wewilldiscussawaytoactuallyprogramtheworkpiececontour(notthecuttercenterlinepath)Whileyoumaynotunderstandallcommandsgiveninthisprogram，concentrateonunderstandingwhatishappeninginthemotioncommands(G00，G01，andG02G03)Withstudy，youshouldbeabletoseewhatishappeningMessagesinparenthesesareprovidedtodocumentwhatishappeningineachcommand,ReadingMore,在以下具体的例子中，我们将对工件的外形轮廓进行铣削。使用一把直径为一英寸的立铣刀加工轮廓，并以立铣刀的中心为编程轨迹。然后，在关键的第四步，我们会讨论工件轮廓的一种实际的编程方式（而不是刀具中心线轨迹）。尽管你可能不明白这个程序所提供的所有命令，但要集中精力搞清楚运动指令中发生了什么（G00，G01和G02/G03）。在学习中，你应该能够搞清楚发生了什么。括号内所提供的信息是程序中每个命令的解释。,ReadingMore,Program00002(Programnumber)N005G54G90$350M03(Selectcoordinatesystem，absolutemode，andstartspindleCWat350RPM)N010G00X一625Y一25(Rapidtopoint1)N015G43H01Z一25(Instatetoollengthcompensation，rapidtooldowntoworksurface)N020G01X525F35(Machineinstraightmotiontopoint2)N025G03X625Y75R10(CCWcircularmotiontopoint3)N030G01Y325(Machineinstraightmotiontopoint4),程序O0002(程序号)N005G54G90S350M03(选择坐标系，绝对坐标编程，主轴转速顺时针350转每分钟)N010G00X-625Y-25(快速移动到点1)N015G43H01Z-25(进行刀具长度补偿，快速移动到工件表面)N020G01X525F35(刀具直线移动到点2)N025G03X625Y75R10(刀具逆时针圆周移动到点3)N030G01Y325(刀具直线移动到点4),ReadingMore,N035G03X525Y425R10(CCWcircularmotiontopoint5)N040G01X75(Machineinstraightmotiontopoint6)N045G03X一25Y325R10(CCWcircularmotiontopoint7)N050G01Y75(Machineinstraightmotiontopoint8)N055G03X75Y一25R10(CCWcircularmotiontopoint9)N060G00Z1(RapidawayfromworkpieceinZ)N065G91G28Z0(GotothemachinesreferencepointinZ)N070M30(Endofprogram),N035G03X525Y425R10(刀具逆时针圆周移动到点5)N040G01X75(刀具直线移动到点6)N045G03X-25Y325R10(刀具逆时针圆周移动到点7)N050G01Y75(刀具直线移动到点8)N055G03X75Y-25R10(刀具逆时针圆周移动到点9)N060G00Z1(Z方向上快速离开工件)N065G91G28Z0(移动到Z方向上机器参考点)N070M30(程序结束),ReadingMore,KeepinmindthatCNCcontrolsdovarywithregardtolimitationswithmotiontypesForexample，somecontrolshavestrictrulesgoverninghowmuchofafullcircleyouareallowedtomakewithinonecircularcommandSomerequiredirectionalvectorsforcircularmotioncommandsinsteadofallowingtheRwordSomeevenincorporateautomaticcornerroundingandchamfering，minimizingthenumberofmotioncommandsthatmustbegivenThoughyoumustbepreparedforvariations，andyoumustreferenceyourcontrolmanufacturersprogrammingmanualtofindoutmoreaboutyourmachinesmotioncommands，atleastthispresentationhasshownyouthebasicsofmotioncommandsandyoushouldbeabletoadapttoyourparticularmachineandcontrolwithrelative.,要注意的是不同的数控系统都有切削进给类型的局限。例如，有些数控系统在一个圆弧进给命令中对允许切削多大的圆有着严格的规定。有些数控系统在圆周命令中要求方向矢量而非R关键字。有些数控系统甚至加上了自动圆角、倒角，最大限度地减少了运动命令的数量。尽管你必须为各种变化做好准备，也必须参考数控系统制造商提供的编程手册中的编程命令，但至少本节内容给你提供了最基本的切削运动编程命令，使你更容易地适应特定的机器和控制系统。,NewWordsandPhrases,particularptikjuladj.特殊的，特别的contourkntun轮廓diameterdaimitn直径centerlinesentlainn中心线parenthesesprenisi:zn.圆括号（parenthesis的复数形式）documentdkjumnt,dkjumentn.文件，公文；文档vt.用文件证明instateinsteitvt任命compensation,kmpenseinn补偿;赔偿金；报酬limitation,limiteinn限制，局限性directionaldireknladj方向的vectorvektn向量incorporateink:preitadj合并的，一体v.包含，吸收；体现；合并,NewWordsandPhrases,chamferingtmfrin倒角，切角minimizingminimaizin.数自极小化；求最小参数值variation,vrieinn变更，变化presentation,preznteinn介绍，陈述relativereltivadj.相对的；有关系的；成比例的CCW(counterclockwise)逆时针方向circularmotion圆周运动referencepoint参考点keepinmind记住，谨记varywith随而变化adaptto适合,ExerciseTranslatethefollowingphrasesintoEnglish.1.集中2.记住3.适合4.关于5.严格的规定6.代替7.参考点8.圆周运动9.编程手册10.自动圆角1.grammingmanual10.automaticcornerrounding,Key,参考译文ReadingMore数控编程示例在以下具体的例子中，我们将对工件的外形轮廓进行铣削。使用一把直径为一英寸的立铣刀加工轮廓，并以立铣刀的中心为编程轨迹。然后，在关键的第四步，我们会讨论工件轮廓的一种实际的编程方式（而不是刀具中心线轨迹）。尽管你可能不明白这个程序所提供的所有命令，但要集中精力搞清楚运动指令中发生了什么（G00，G01和G02/G03）。在学习中，你应该能够搞清楚发生了什么。括号内所提供的信息是程序中每个命令的解释。程序O0002(程序号)N005G54G90S350M03(选择坐标系，绝对坐标编程，主轴转速顺时针350转每分钟),参