高中英语人教版必修一Unit-5知识点汇总与强化练习

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela- a modern hero单元要点预览词汇部分词语辨析1. fight for/against/with 2. reward / award3. accept / receive4. since / because / as / for词形变化1. cruel adj. 残暴的, 残忍的cruelty n. 残暴, 残忍2. hope n. v.希望; 期望hopeful adj. 有希望的, 顺利的, 有前途的hopeless adj. 没有希望的; 令人绝望的3. educate vt. 教育education n. 教育; 教育体制educated adj. 受过教育的; 受过训练的重点单词1. devote vt. 投入；献身 2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的5. advise v. 建议重点词组1. be in prison 在狱中，被监禁2. out of work 失业,出问题3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心重点句子1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. 2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.重点语法定语从句 词语辨析 1. fight for/against/with【解释】fight for/against/withfight for 为而斗争；努力争取 fight against 与作斗争 fight with 和并肩作战，和打仗/打架/斗争 【练习】用正确的fight短语填空1). We will have to _ difficulties. 2). They told the workers to _ their rights. 3). During World War II, the British _ Frenchmen against Germans. 2. reward / award 【解释】award用作名词时，意为“奖品”、“奖金”、“奖”;reward作名词时，作“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”讲。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). The film _ are presented annually 2). A _ was offered for the return of the passport 3. accept / receive【解释】accept (接受)表示主观上乐意接受。还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同” receive (收到,得到), 表示客观收到, 还不能断定是否接受。还表示“接待”、“接收”、“欢迎”【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空I _ his letter of invitation, but I didnt _ it.4. since / because / as / for【解释】since =now that 意为“由于,既然”,常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。because表语气最强, 经常表听者不知的原因,它能回答why的提问。as 可和because互换,但语气不够它强,也不能回答why的提问。for 是并列连词,与后面的分句对前一句话起到补充说明的作用,其前常有逗号隔开。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). I cant go _ Im ill.2). _ the rain has stopped, lets go out for a walk.3). _ Im leaving tomorrow, Ive bought you a gift.4). It must have rained last night, _ the ground is wet.II词性变化 1. cruel adj. 残暴的, 残忍的cruelty n. 残暴, 残忍2. hope n. v.希望; 期望hopeful adj. 有希望的, 顺利的, 有前途的hopeless adj. 没有希望的; 令人绝望的3. educate vt. 教育education n. 教育; 教育体制educated adj. 受过教育的; 受过训练的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 1) She is a highly _ woman (educate)2) Parents should _ their children to behave well. (educate)3） A child receives its early _ at home. (educate)4） Many a young _ went to Hollywood. (hope)5） Our _ for fine weather were not disappointed. (hope)6） Most of the students are making good progress but Jeremy seems a _ case. (hope) 7) Dont be _ to animals. (cruel)8) He saw a lot of _ in the prison camp. (cruel) 重点词汇 1. devote vt. 投入；献身典例 1). He devoted himself entirely to music. 他将一生奉献给了音乐。2). Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 玛丽献身于为病人服务。重点用法devote to 献身于；专心于在devote to短语中，to是介词，后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有：pay attention to（注意）; stick to（坚持）; lead to（导致）; preferto（相比更喜欢）; look forward to（盼望）;练习 中译英1). 她深爱她的孩子。2). 我们应全力以赴地工作。2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数典例 1). We voted Democrat in the last election. 我们在上次的选举中投了民主党的票。2). Well listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. 我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。3). The votes are still being counted. 选票仍在统计中。重点用法vote down 投票否决；投票击败vote in 投票选出；选举vote through 表决通过put to the vote 将付诸表决take/have a vote on 对进行表决vote for/against 投票赞成/反对练习用恰当的介词或副词填空。1). The suggestion was voted by a large majority.2). Shall we take a vote the question?3). The issue was put the vote.4). Was the vote or the matter?3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答典例1). He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作很努力，但是报酬很少。2). He rewarded me with a prize. 他用一个奖励来报答我。重点用法in reward (for) 作为（对的）报酬、报答give a reward to sb. for sth. 为给某人报酬、赏金reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因报答、奖赏某人reward sb. with sth. 用报答、奖赏某人练习 中译英1). 她的善良没有得到任何回报。_2). 她向他报之以一笑。_4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的典例 1). Women demand equal pay for equal work. 女性要求同等工作获同等报酬。2). All people are born equal. 人人生来平等。重点用法 be equal to 与相等be equal with 与平等练习 中译英1). 一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒。_2). 他们认为，在上帝眼中穷人和富人是平等的。_5. advise v. 建议典例 1). I have advised you on that subject. 在那个问题上，我给过你建议.2). Christie advises us to practise oral English as often as possible. Christie建议我们要尽可能多练口语.3). I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isnt ripe. 我建议你不要吃那些没有熟的水果.重点用法advise sb. on sth. 就给某人出主意advise +n. /pron. 建议advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干advise (ones) doing sth. 建议（某人）干advise + (that) sb. (should) doadvice n. 建议；意见a piece of advice一条建议go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice向某人寻求建议；征询某人的意见give advice to sb. on sth.就对某人提供建议follow sbs advice = take sbs advice 接受某人的建议练习 中译英1). 我建议换个方式。 _2). 我们建议他们应该及早开始。_ 重点词组 1. be in prison 在狱中，被监禁典例 1). He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years. 他为黑人而战且坐过三十年牢。2). He has been in prison for five years for stealing. 因为偷东西, 他曾在监狱呆过5年.短语归纳 putin prison = sendto prison = throw into prison 把投入监狱The car thieves have been put in prison. 那些偷车贼都被关进监狱了。练习 用be, put, send, throw的恰当形式填空。1). The lawyer finally the murderer into prison.2). The robber in prison for several years.3). The thief begged the guard for not him to prison.4). Last year, the man in prison for stealing a car. 2. out of work 失业,出问题典例 1). Jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已经失业几个月了。2). Marys cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。短语归纳 in work 有工作out of breath 上气不接下气 out of patience 不耐烦out of use 没用了 out of date 过时out of order 次序颠倒；出故障 out of control 失控out of danger 脱离危险 out of shape 变形Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。练习用适当的介词（短语）填空。 1). Although my computer is date now, but its still use.2). After fours operation, the patient has been danger.3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心典例1). He failed many times, but he didnt lose heart. 他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。2). No matter what you do, never lose heart. 不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。短语归纳 lose ones job 失业 lose ones balance 失去平衡lose ones breath上气不接下气 lose ones heart (to sb/sth) 爱上lose ones life 丧生; 遇害 lose face 丢脸; 受屈辱练习 中译英1). 不要失去信心，一切都会好起来的。 _2). 她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。_V 重点句子 1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。解释 这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。类似的名词还有situation, stage, case等，作先行词时，可用where引导定语从句Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?拓展：介词+关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where和why。He is the boss of the restaurant where （= in which） we often have lunch.Today when （= on which） the product will be put into use will come soon.The reason why（= for which） he was late for school was unbelievable.练习 中译英1). 你能想起让你尴尬的情形吗？_2). 他迟到的原因令人难以置信。_2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。解释当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构, 将助动词或系动词提前，放在主语前。Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him. 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息.Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him. 他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。练习 中译英1). 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息。_2). 他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。_单元自测 1完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2130各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。字数：214完成时间：14分钟难度：* On Keeping a Diary in English Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability. Compared with other forms of writing, it is 21 and takes less time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. If we 22 to this practice, gradually, well learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly 23 up against a lot of difficulties. In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble finding 24 words and phrases to give 25 to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely 26 for us to put them into English properly. Surely, there are some other 27 we may come across in keeping a diary in English. As far as I am concerned, my suggestion is that we should always have a(n) 28 and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy 29 . Whenever something beats us, we can put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also 30 to English teachers for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.21. A. longer B. shorter C. thicker D. better22. A. insist B. stick C. contribute D. refer23. A. run B. bring C. come D. turn24. A. approximate B. appropriate C. appreciative D. approachable25. A. idea B. advice C. expression D. explanation26. A. easy B. hard C. good D. bad27. A. roadblocks B. methods C. ways D. objects28. A. pen B. backpack C. eraser D. notebook29. A. hand B. sight C. reach D. ability30. A. run B. turn C. fly D. oppose2语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。字数：147完成时间：9分钟难度：* Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is 31 mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is 32 there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more 33 (disagree) in interest, and more groups and organizations 34 different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in 35 (mix) societies. 36 these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are 37 (few) occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because 38 seems to be the same. And 39 conditions may not be satisfactory, 40 are at least customary and doubtless.3阅读理解词数：308难度： *时间：6 分钟 Electrical devices (仪器) could soon use power made by human energy. Scientists say they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking. British scientist Max Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device. The device connects to a persons knee. As the person walks, the device captures energy each time the person slows down. To do this, the device helps with the slowing down movement of the leg. The movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine that produces electricity. Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute. Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes. There are several possible uses for the device. Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers. The device could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers (起搏器). It could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs. The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy. But the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version. An improved version should be ready in one year. The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries. Nearly twenty-five percent of people around the world live without electric power. A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania. He created a bag carried on a persons back that also produces power from walking. The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag. But the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms. 41. The second paragraph mainly talks about _. A. who developed the device B. how the device works C. several possible uses for the devices D. how much electricity the device can produce42. What is the disadvantage of the experimental version of the device? A. It is too heavy for the walker to bear. B. It is too complex for people to use. C. It will slow down ones walking speed. D. It is too dear for most people to afford.43. Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome, this new device _. A. produces power without adding more loads to the walker B. can produce more power in a much shorter time C. needs to be equipped with a battery D. can help the walker walk faster44. From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can _. A. help housewives operate the micro-wave oven B. make it much easier for us to go online C. produce more electricity than that invented by Larry Rome D. be applied in medicine to operate heart pacemakers45. What would be the best title for the passage? A. First device powered by walking will soon be on the market B. Advanced technology brings in a new way to operate heart pacemakers C. Device gives new meaning to the idea of power walkingD. Human energy will become a main source of electricity Unit 5 Nelson Mandela- a modern hero答案 词语辨析 1. fight for/against/with Keys:1). fight against2). fight for 3). fought with 2. reward / award Keys: 1). awards2). reward 3. accept / receiveKeys:receivedaccept4. since / because / as / forKeys: 1). because2). Since 3). As 4). forII词性变化 Keys: 1) educated2) educate3) education4) hopeful 5) hopes 6) hopeless7) cruel 8) cruelty 重点词汇 1. devote vt. 投入；献身 练习 中译英Keys: 1). She is devoted to her children. 2). We should devote all our efforts to our tasks.2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数Keys:1). through 2).on 3). to 4). for; against3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答 练习 中译英Keys: 1). She got nothing in reward for her kindness.2). She rewarded him with a smile.4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的Keys: 1). One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer.2). They believe that in the sight of God the poor are equal with the rich.5. advise v. 建议 练习 中译英Keys: 1).Id advise taking a different approach.2). We advised that they should start early/advised them to start early. 重点词组 1. be in prison 在狱中，被监禁Keys: 1). threw 2). has been 3). sending 4). was put2. out of work 失业,出问题Keys: 1). out of; in 2). out of3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心 练习 中译英Keys: 1). Dont lose heart, all will turn out well. 2). She lost her heart to a young soldier.V 重点句子 1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. 练习 中译英Keys:1). Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?2). The reason why(= for which) he was late for school was unbelievable.2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。 练习 中译英Keys:1). Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him. 2). Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.单元自测 1完形填空