宾语从句英语语法 宾语从句

宾语从句英语语法 宾语从句(一) 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句,它内容完整,句型结构较为复杂,主句和从句时态搭配要求严格,在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。 宾语从句常由that引导,在口语中常省略。当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,按需要可以使用任何时态。如: She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时) She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时) She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时) 当主句谓语是过去时态,从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如: He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时) He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时) He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时) 当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时,宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如: The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。 She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.她说她父亲比她大二十八岁He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播比声音传播快得多。 宾语从句(二) 由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。 引出名词性从句的连词whether和if,在引出宾语从句时,用法和意义相同。但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句,而whether除了引出宾语从句外,还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 例如:We dont know whether (if) it is right. 我们不知道它是否正确。 he question is whether she should do that. 问题在于她是否应该做那件事。 Whether it is true remains a question. 是真是假还是个问题。 试比较: 当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时,引出的是宾语从句。例如: I dont know if it is true. 我不知道这事是否真实。 当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲,则引出状语从句。例如: I shall go there if I have time. 如果我有时间,我将到那儿去。 初中英语宾语从句小结 一、当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如: She said that she would leave the message on the headmasters desk.她说她会把留言条放在校长桌子上。 He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作 二、当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如: Alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother liked the bag.爱丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包。 I dont know whether hell come the day after tomorrow.我不知道他后天是否会来 但直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(ifor not也可以使用)。如: Let me know whether / if he will come or not.(= Let me know whether or not he will come )让我知道他是否能来。 I dont know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= I dont know whether or not he does any washing. )我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。 I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我想知道我们是去还是留。 三、如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导。如: Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon?你能告诉我我们今天下午将在哪儿开会吗? I dont know who bought the present for me. Is it Jack?我不知道谁给我买了礼物。是杰克吗? 下面的表格可以帮助大家理解这一部分内容 句式 连词 语序 陈述句 that 不变 一般疑问句 If/whether 改为陈述语序 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 改为陈述语序 宾语从句的时态问题 主句 一般现在时态 一般过去时态 从句 保留原来时态 改为过去的某个时态 客观事实和自然现象除外 所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化 一般现在时态 一般过去时态 现在进行时态 过去进行时态(was/were doing) 现在完成时态 过去完成时态(had +过去分词) 一般将来时态 过去将来时态(would do;was/were going to do) 宾语从句使用-四注意 我们在学习和运用宾语从句时,应该注意以下四点: 一、引导词的使用 1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如: Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring. 2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。例如: David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night. 3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how),引导宾语从句。例如: Do you know what we can do on the island? I dont know why Jane was late for school this morning. 二、语序的陈述化 宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如: When did he leave? I want to know. I want to know when he left. Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day? 三、时态的呼应 1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如: I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.) 2. 如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如: He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。 3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。例如: Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 四、否定转移 当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等动词,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如: I dont believe he is here on time, is he? I dont think Tom is the best student in his class, is he? 宾语从句要点盘点 一、宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。如：? Do you know why winter is colder than summer?你知道为什么冬季比夏季冷吗? 二、宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应。? 主句是现在或将来时态时，从句可用任何所需要的时态。主句是过去时态时，从句要用表示过去的相应的时态。但如果从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，则从句应用一般过去时，不用过去完成时；如从句表达的是客观规律或真理时，用一般现在时。如：? He said he had finished his studies when the war broke out.他说战争爆发时，他已经完成了学业。 He said he would spend his holiday in Dalian.他说他将在大连度假。? She said that the earth moves around the sun.她说地球围绕太阳转。? 三、如宾语从句有自己的宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句后置。其句型为：“主语+谓语+it+补足语+宾语从句”。如： We think it important that we should master at least one foreign language. 我们认为掌握至少一门外语是重要的。? 注意： (1)连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except,but和in等少数几个介词后。其它一些介词的宾语从句如由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如： He is a good student except that he is careless.他是个好学生，只不过有点粗心。? See to it that children dont catch cold.当心孩子别感冒了。? (2)that引导表语从句时，在句中无词义，只起连接作用，但不可省去。His idea is that we should go there at once.他主张我们立即去那儿。? 四、连词whether可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，不可省。if引导宾语从句。 (1)宾语从句是肯定句时，whether,if可互换；但whether常和or not连用，宾语从句是否定句时，一般用if引导。如：? I dont know if/whether I should tell you.不知我是否应告诉你。? I wonder whether it is true or not.不知这是不是真的。? I dont care if it doesnt rain.天下不下雨我不会在乎。? (2)作介词宾语时，只能用whether,不能用if。如：? Everything depends on whether we have enough experience.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的经验。 五、that引导宾语从句时不可省的几种情况：? 1.that宾语从句的状语部分位于从句前部时。? I promised that if anyone could set me free,I would make him king over the earth. 我曾许诺如果有人把我放了，我就让他成为全世界的国王。? 2.当主句的状语部分位于that宾语从句前时。? Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and a little then. 亚伯拉罕林肯自己后来说他只不过是时断时续地接受教育。? 3.主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。? When he got to England,he found,however,that his English was too limited. 然而当他到英国时，他发现他的英语很有限。? 4.当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时。