初中定语从句知识点详解

初中定语从句知识点详解定语从句考点：各个关系代词和关系副词的区别及其在从句中做什么成分只用that的情况只用which的情况知识点总结：一、各个关系代词和关系副词的区别及具体用法：(一)、1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，若前面有介词，则不可省略，也不能用that，例如：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.The man to whom our teacher is speaking is from Canada.3. whose 指人，也可指物（拟人化的物），意思是“谁的”，在定语从句中作定语。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.I live in a house whose windows face the south.4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。例如：Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.Who is the boy that/whom I saw this morning?6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如： Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如： This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.8. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语：I dont know the reason why he looks sad today.（二）关系代词和冠词副词引导的从句有什么区别？关键点：1、关系副词在从句中是做状语，记住，只做状语，不能做其他的成分。2、关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。如：the reason why he refused the invitation is clear.=The reason for which he refused the invitation is clear.Great changes have taken place in the city where I was born.=Treat changes have taken place in the city in which I was born.The time when we got tegether finally came.=The time in which we got together finally came.样板题一：1、He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which解题思路：此题中，从句是he arrived，它已经是一个完整的句子，因此，这里要填一个在从句中充当状语的成分，C选项和D选项都不能做在从句中作状语，因此排除掉，the day指的是时间，因此，要填上表示时间的关系副词when。练习题：1、The moon is a world _ there is no life.A.that B. which C. where D. why2、Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when3. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which4. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which5. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where6. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where7. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where8. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where样板题二：用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.解题思路：所谓定语从句，就是把两句话压缩成一句话，而且，这两句话肯定辉提到同一个东西，因此，首先要找两句话都提到了的东西，此题中，两句话都提到了同一个东西一个人（the boy ,he）这就是共同点，人我们是用who或whom表示，两句话都是做主语，因此，只能用在从句中作主语的who,不能在从句中做宾语的whom，因此，答案是：The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.练习题：1. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.2. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.3. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.4. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.样板题三：用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句 This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.解题思路：还是找两句话都提到了的那个共同点，是the hall（it）,在第二句话中in it是做定点状语，因此可以用where代替，因此，答案是：This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.=This is the hall in which we listened to the report the other day.练习题：1、Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.2、I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.3、I prefer the subject. The subject is science.4、I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9. Is this the place _ your father once lived?10. Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League.二、只用that的情况：1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：(1) 先行词是nothing, everything, anything,everything, all, few, little,some等不定代词时。例如：All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,little,few,much,the same,the last等词修饰时。例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词：This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.（6）当先行词前面有who,which等词时：Who is the man that is sitting there?Which is the coat that fits me most?练习题：1.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.A.which B.that C.where D.who三、只能用which，不用that 的情况：(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如： The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如： The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.练习题：1. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when五、知识小结：六、作业：初中英语语法-定语从句-专项练习一、填空题：用适当的关系词填空：1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house.2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together.6. This is the school _I used to study.7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, _lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing,_is the capital of China.13. There was a time _there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time _you have made the same mistake.15. This is the very novel about_weve talked so much.16. Who is the student _was late for school today?17. Who _knows him wants to make friends with him?18. He lives in the room_window faces to the south.19. This is the hour_the place is always full of women and children.20. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place_you may spend your weekend.二、单选题1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. that D. those2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing15. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that against B. who against C. who is against D. who are against17. Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about19. Is there anything _ to you?A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs20. - “How do you like the book?”- “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which23. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which24. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. which we stayed D. in that