必修一4 Unit4 Earthquakes

威宁县第九中学高三英语组高考第一轮备考导学案学科高三英语组编制人审核人编号1授课时间 星期六课型复习课课题Unit4 Earthquakes导 学 过 程 设 计【导学目标】：(一)知识与技能目标1.识记30个本单元的相关词汇，短语。2.积累2个经典句型3.学习并掌握定语从句中关系代词的用法,以及在具体语境中的应用。 (二)过程与方法目标：鼓励学生参与小组活动，并能通过自己的努力完成任务。(3) 情感态度与价值观目标: 让学生了解有关唐山大地震的情况，学会如何在地震中自救、救人。【重点、难点】： 基础知识的积累与应用，学习合作探究；学会分析与总结方法， 并能学以致用。【导学练过程】：I.基础知识课前自查一单词巧记1(n.)地震(同义词)(n.)地震2(vi.)爆裂；爆发；(n.)突然破裂；爆发(过去式)(过去分词)3(n.)事件；大事4(n.)民族；国家；国民(adj.)民族的；国家的5(n.)废墟；毁灭；(vt.)毁灭；使破产6(adj.)极度的(adv.)极度地7(vt.)损害；伤害(n.)损害；伤害8(vt.)毁坏(n.)破坏，毁灭9(adj.)无用的；无效的；无益的(反义词)有用的(n.)用途；(vt.)使用10(vt.& vi.)(使)震惊；震动；(n.)休克；打击；震惊(adj.)令人震惊的(adj.)感到震惊的11vt.使惊吓；吓唬adj.受惊的；受恐吓的adj.令人恐惧的12n祝贺；(复数)贺词v祝贺13v判断；断定；判决；n.裁判员，法官n判断14vt.表示；表达；n.快车；速递n表达，表情15adv.真诚地；真挚地adj.真诚的二短语英汉互译1right away 2as if 3at an end 4in ruins 5digout 6a (great)number of 7judge by/from 8come out of 9. 突然大哭_ _10. 为了纪念 _ _ 11. 对高度评价_ _ 12.爆发_ _13. 被困在下面_ 14. 很高兴做 _ _3 句子英汉汉英互译1. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.2.似乎世界末日来临了。3Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed it was the best one this year.4她待他如陌生人，这让他很伤心。5. It shocked everyone to hear all of the villagers behind the mountain were killed in the earthquake.6她太矮了，够不着架上的书.7. Dont judge a book by its cover.8. 汽车陷在厚厚的雪中。9. She tried many times to pass the exam, and in the end she succeeded.10.从他说的话来看，他是一个明智的人。II.本单元语法导学练Grammar：定语从句一考点：定语从句在句子中作定语，用来修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，有关系代词或关系副词引出。如;The boy who is playing basketball is a friend of mine.本句中的boy为先行词，who为关系代词，引导一个定语从句。常见的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that , which等关系代词位于被修饰的先行词之后，并在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语的成分。注：从句里谓语动词要和其前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。1. who, whom, that 这几个代词可以指人。在从句中作主语或宾语。如：（1）The foreignerwho/that visited our class yesterday is from Canada.（作主语）（2）The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li (作宾语）注意：指人时，介词后只能用whom。2. whose用来指人或物，（在从句中只作定语）Miss Smith is the teacher whose house caught fire last autumn,3. that, which用以表示事物，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：（1）This is the present (which/that) Jone gave me for my birthday.（作宾语）（2）The train which/that has just left is for Beijing. （做主语）辨析which /that1.在下列情况下只能用that而不能用which引导定语从句（1）当先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时（2）当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the very, the little,the only修饰时（3）当先行词是由表示人或物的两个并列名词构成时（4）当先行词被all, little, much, some, any, no. every修饰时（5）当主句是以which或who特殊疑问句是。2.在下列情况下只能用which而不能用that引导定语从句。（1）介词后；（2）非限定性定语从句中。单句改错1Toms mother kept telling him stories he was interested in them._2Toms mother kept telling him stories and which he was interested in._3Do you know the professor he often gives us lectures?_4Did you see the professor his name is Chen Jia?_把下列每对句子连接成一个含有定语从句的句子。1. I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music._ 2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress. I gave it to her._ 3. The students article was published. I know the student._ 4. Betty is studying English very well. She has never been abroad._ 5. My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old._ .能力提升1 语篇填空（根据汉语提示，用本单元的词汇填空） water rose in and before the . But no one that an earthquake was coming. Suddenly, everything shook. It seemed the world was . Millions of brick houses and s were . Railway s became . Pipes in and let out . Huge cracks everywhere.The next day, this was the or main of all newspapers. With the giving an of the , the whole was by the and the victims extreme . People were moved when they read that the comforted each other by saying “ ! You survived!”. So they not only their sympathy , but also organized together to help the victims . The were and the dead were . The survivors were from under the and were offered , fresh water and . Thanks to peoples help, the loss was minimized.地震前，水井和运河里的污水都涨涌起来。但是却没人判断出地震即将来临。霎那间，一切都在摇晃，似乎整个世界就要结束。数以百万的砖房和许多水坝遭到破坏；铁路轨道都变成无用的铁条；煤矿管道纷纷爆裂，发出有臭味的蒸汽；到处都有骑车的人被巨大的裂缝陷住。第二天，所有报纸都纷纷以大字标题或主要标题报道了这一事件。记者们描述了灾难的大概情况，全国都被地震的破坏和灾民们极度的苦难所震惊。当人们读到幸存者以“恭喜啊，你还活着。”来互相安慰时，都被感动了。人们不仅衷心地表达了他们的同情，而且还立刻组织起来帮助灾民。伤员被救助了，死者被埋葬了，吓坏的幸存者被从废墟中挖出来了，栖身处、净水和电力也很快得到提供。多亏了人们的帮助，灾区的损失被减到了最小。2 重点词汇探究（本单元核心词汇导学练）1.think little/nothing of以为没什么了不起, 轻视, 忽视(1)think highly/well/a lot/much of. . . 对评价高think poorly/badly/little/nothing of. . . 对评价不高(2)speak highly/well of. . . 高度赞扬speak ill of. . . 说的坏话【填一填激活思维】I _ _ _ him as an agricultural expert. 我觉得他作为一位农业专家水平不怎么样。He is highly thought of by all the students. 译: _2. trap n. 陷阱v. 使(某人)陷入困境(1)be trapped in. . . 陷入trap sb. into doing sth. 陷害/诱骗某人做某事(2)be caught in the trap陷入圈套; 落入陷阱【填一填激活思维】Bad news came that twenty miners _ _ underground. 坏消息传来: 二十名矿工被困地下。The thieves were _ _ _ _ _. 窃贼陷入了圈套。3. bury vt. 埋葬; 掩埋; 隐藏(1)be buried in 埋头于; 专心于be buried in thought 沉思(2)bury oneself in study 埋头研究; 专心学习【填一填激活思维】The paper _ _ under a pile of books. 那份文件被埋在书堆里了。He has learned to _ _ _. 他学会了掩饰内心的情感。由于他埋头于书本, 他不知道外面下雨了。_ _ _ _his books, he didnt know it was raining outside.四体验高考，每天一个高考题练习：（1）一篇完形填空；（2）两篇阅读理解；（3）一篇作文；（4）七选五、改错和语法填词任意搭配一份。以上4小项每天任选一项练习。阅读理解：（一）Everybody hates rats. But in the earthquake capitals of the worldJapan, Los Angeles, Turkeyrats will soon be mans new best friends.What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs. Why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they cant get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat.How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. When this happens, the rats brain gives a signal (信号). This is sent to a small radio on its back，and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rats brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person.Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better. Christian Linter at Cornell UniversityNew York says, “Robots noses dont work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.” Rats can also see in the dark. They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they dont need electricity!The “rat project” is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says, “It would be wonderful. A rat could get into spaces we couldnt get to and a rat would get out if it wasnt safe.” Perhaps for the first time in history，people will be happy to see a rat in a building(but only after an earthquake, of course)1In the world earthquake capitals, rats will become mans best friends because they can _.Atake the place of mans rescue jobsBfind the position of people alive who are trapped in buildingsCserve as food for people alive who are trapped in buildingsDget into small spaces2From the third paragraph we know the rescuers can judge a person is alive by _.Athe noise made by the ratBthe rats unusual behaviorCthe signal sent by the radio on the rats backDthe smell given off by the person3In doing rescue jobs, _.Arats smell better than dogsBdogs dont need to be trained to smell peopleCrobots sense of smell can be affected by other smells aroundDrats can see in the dark and smaller than robots4Rats have all the following advantages(优点) EXCEPT that _.Athey are more wonderful than other animalsBthey are less expensive to train than dogsCthey dont need electricityDthey are small and can get into small places5According to the passage, the “rat project” means to _.Ause the dog to save lives after an earthquakeBuse the rat to save lives after an earthquakeCuse the rat to feel the coming earthquakeDuse the robot to save lives after an earthquake（二）After a serious earthquake happened, a father left his wife safely at home and rushed to his sons school, only to find that the building where his son studied had collapsed and looked like a pancake(煎饼)He was shocked. He didnt know what he should do for a while, then he remembered the words he had said to his son，“No matter what, Ill always be there for you！” And tears began to fill his eyes. He started digging through the ruins.As he was digging, other helpless parents and the firemen arrived and tried to pull him off the ruins, saying，“Its too late! Theyre all dead! Theres nothing you can do！”To them he replied with one line，“Are you going to help me now？”And then he kept on digging.No one helped, however. He went on alone because he needed to know for himself，“Is my boy alive or is he dead？” He dug for eight hours.12 hours.24 hours.36 hours.then, in the 39th hour, he pulled back a rock and heard his sons words. He shouted his sons name，“ARMAND！”He heard back, “Dad！？！ Its me, Dad! I told the other kids not to worry. I told them that if you were alive, youd save me and when you saved me, theyd be saved. You promised, No matter what happens, Ill always be there for you！You did it, Dad！”“Whats going on in there? How is it？”the father asked.“There are 14 of us left out of 33, Dad. Were frightened, hungry, thirsty and thankful youre here. When the building fell down, it made a triangle, and it saved us.”“Come out, boy！”“No, Dad! Let the other kids out first, because I know youll get me! No matter what happens, I know youll always be there for me！”1The underlined word“collapsed”probably means_.A倒塌B摇晃C耸立D颠簸2Who came to help the father when he was digging?AHis wife.BOther parents.CThe firemen.DNo one.3Other parents and the firemen wanted to pull him off the ruins because they thought_.Ahe was madBall the children had died in the earthquakeChe was too dangerous to othersDit was not his job to dig4How many students wer