第二版新视野大学英语4课件unit6

Unit Six,Bribery and Business Ethics,I. Word Using,1. bribery n. the acting of giving or taking bribes,He was jailed on charges of bribery.,Numerous officials get involved in the bribery scandal.,许多官员与这桩受贿丑闻有牵连。,scandal,get involved in,2. ethics n. (pl.) moral rules or principles 道德 (sing.) science that deals with moral 伦理学,Medical ethics _ (dont/doesnt) permit the doctor to do that.,Ethics _(are/is) a branch of philosophy.,3. quick-witted adj. 富有机智的，机敏的； 乖,Hes quick - witted and does things efficiently. 他脑子 快,做事效率高.,Quick - witted as he was, he was stumped by this question. 他虽然机智, 竟被这个问题弄得哑口无言.,efficiently,4. on the increase increasing,Crime is on the increase.,据统计，中国上半年的GDP持增长势头。,It is estimated that Chinas GDP is on the increase in the first half year.,5. way of life 生活方式,The islands way of life is doomed to extinction. 这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失. Our way of life has changed dramatically over the last ten years. 在过去10年里我们的生活方式发生了巨大的变化.,be doomed to,extinction,6. pay up 全部还清，付清,Every club member must pay up his membership money before the end of the season. 每一位俱乐部成员必须在赛季结束以前缴清会费. My goods were lost in the fire and the insurance company will have to pay up. 我的货在大火中烧毁了,保险公司将不得不赔偿.,7. stand by 支持； 准备行动； 信守诺言； 站在旁边,Stand by for further orders! 准备好待命！Well stand by you through thick and thin. 不管多么艰难困苦，我们都要支持你们。 You cannot stand by and allow such a thing. 你不能袖手旁观，听任发生这样的事。,8. in practice 在实践中, 实际上,Knowledge originates in practice. 认识来源于实践。But in practice such a society could not long remain stable. 但是实际上这种社会不能保持长期稳定. In practice, the method is tedious, difficult, and uncertain. 事实上, 这个方法是很费事 、 很困难而且是无把握的.,tedious,uncertain,Nobody could accuse them of lacking ambition. 没有人可以指责他们缺少雄心.,9. accuse sb. of sth. 指控, 指责某人干某事 , 因指责或控告,He was accused of murder. 有人指控他谋杀。,ambition,10. in private 私下里；秘密的,I want to say something to you in private. 我想私下跟你说些事。I wish to talk with you in private. 我希望能秘密地同你谈话。,11. a fact of life 生活现实； 残酷的事实,In modern economies, inequality is a fact of life. 在现代经济体中，不平等乃是人之常理。It is a fact of life and you must face it. 这是严酷的现实，你必须面对它。,12. throw out 抛弃；驱除,The natural instinct of the human body is to throw out all invaders. 人体的自然本能是排除一切入侵物。Do not throw out the baby with the bath water. 勿因小失大。 To throw out a minnow to catch a whale. 抛砖引玉。,13. close a deal 达成一项协议，完成一项交易,We are still doing presentations & once we close a deal, we will definitely advise you. 我们还在商议中，一旦我们达成交易，我们就通知你方。If you will accept these conditions, we can close the deal. 你方若接受这些条件, 我们就能成交.,14. speed up (使加快速度),Well never get there if he doesnt speed up. 如果他不快些走，我们一定到不了那里。Modernization is the key to speed up our agricultural development. 现代化是加快农业发展的关键。,modernization,15. hit upon 忽然想出（主意等）,我们终于找到了解决方法。,We finally hit upon a solution.,She hit upon the perfect title for her new novel.,16. amount to 等于；相当于,What does his reply mean?,他的答复意味着拒绝。His reply amounts to a refusal/approval.,Our debts amount to over $1000.,17. behave oneself 表现得体,He is now 20, its time that he started behaving himself.他现在二十岁了，该是规矩行事的时候了。,我希望孩子们规矩点。 I hope the children behave themselves.,18. be caught in 陷入； 被卷入,Theyll always be caught in the middle. 他们随时都有遭受左右夹攻的危险. Be quick or well be caught in a shower. 快点,否则就会淋雨了. I am too young to be caught in a dead-end relationship. 我还太年轻,不应该牵扯到一段毫无结果的感情中.,dead-end,19. be on the take 受贿；贪赃枉法,He always seems be on the take. 他似乎总是在谋取私利. It is illegal for an official to be on the take. 对于官员来说受贿是违法的.,illegal,20. square with （使）与一致（相符）,His ideas do not square with mine. 他的想法与我的不合拍. It would be convenient if the facts square with the theory, but they do not. 如果事实与理论相符那就好了, 可惜并非如此. His practice does not square with his principles. 他的行为与主张不符.,principle,Detailed Study of Text,Bribery and Business Ethics,Para 1 Students taking business courses are sometimes a little surprised to find that classes on business ethics have been included in their schedule. They often do not realize that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries and, in some, has been a way of life for centuries.,句型,Detailed Study of Text,Para 2 Suppose that during a negotiation with some government officials, the Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that if you offer him a substantial bribe, you will find it much easier to get an import license for your goods, and you are also likely to avoid “procedural delays”, as he puts it. Now, the question is: Do you pay up or stand by your principles?,Detailed Study of Text,Para 3a It is easy to talk about having high moral standards but, in practice, what would one really do in such a situation? Some time ago a British car manufacturer was accused of operating a fund to pay bribes, and of other questionable practices such as paying agents and purchasers an exaggerated commission, offering additional discounts, and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland.,Detailed Study of Text,Para 3b The company rejected these charges and they were later withdrawn. Nevertheless, at that time, there were people in the motor industry in Britain who were prepared to say in private: “Look, were in a very competitive business. Every year were selling more than a 1billion worth of cars abroad. If we spend a few million pounds to keep some of the buyers happy, whos hurt? If we didnt do it, someone else would.”,Detailed Study of Text,Para 4a It is difficult to resist the impression that bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. Indeed, they seem to have become a fact of commercial life. To take just one example, the Chrysler Corporation, the third largest of the US car manufacturers, revealed that it made questionable payments of more than $2.5 million between 1971 and 1976.,Detailed Study of Text,Para 4b By announcing this, it joined more than 300 other US companies that had admitted to the US Securities and Exchange Commission that they had made payments of one kind or another bribes, extra discounts, etc.in recent years. For discussion purposes, we can divide these payments into three broad categories.,Detailed Study of Text,Para 5 The first category consists of substantial payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts. For example, one US corporation offered a large sum of money in support of a US presidential candidate at a time when the company was under investigation for possible violations of US business laws. This same company, it was revealed, was ready to finance secret US efforts to throw out the government of Chile.,Detailed Study of Text,Para 6a In this category, we may also include large payments made to ruling families or their close advisers in order to secure arms sales or major petroleum or construction contracts.,Detailed Study of Text,Para 6b In a court case involving an arms deal with Iran, a witness claimed that 1 million had been paid by a British company to a “negotiator” who helped close a deal for the supply of tanks and other military equipment to that country. Other countries have also been known to put pressure on foreign companies to make donations to party bank accounts.,Detailed Study of Text,Para 7a The second category covers payments made to obtain quicker official approval of some project, to speed up the wheels of government. An interesting example of this kind of payment is provided by the story of a sales manager who had been trying for some months to sell road machinery to the Minister of Works of a Caribbean country. Finally, he hit upon the answer.,Detailed Study of Text,Para 7b Discovering that the minister collected rare books, he bought a rare edition of a book, slipped $20,000 within its pages, then presented it to the minister. This man examined its contents, then said, “I understand there is a two-volume edition of this work.” The sales manager, who was quick-witted, replied, “My company cannot afford a two-volume edition, sir, but we could offer you a copy with a preface!” A short time later, the deal was approved.,Detailed Study of Text,Para 8 The third category involves payments made in countries where it is traditional to pay people to help with the passage of a business deal. Some Middle East countries would be included on this list, as well as certain Asian countries.,Detailed Study of Text,Para 9 Is it possible to devise a code of rules for companies that would prohibit bribery in all its forms? The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) favors a code of conduct that would ban the giving and seeking of bribes. This code would try to distinguish between commissions paid for real services and exaggerated fees that really amount to bribes. A council has been proposed to manage the code.,Detailed Study of Text,Para 10 Unfortunately, opinions differ among members of the ICC concerning how to enforce the code. The British members would like the system to have enough legal power to make companies behave themselves. However, the French delegates think it is the business of governments to make and impose law. The job of a business community like the ICC is to say what is right and wrong, but not to impose anything.,Detailed Study of Text,Para 11 In a well-known British newspaper, a writer argued recently that “industry is caught in a web of bribery” and that everyone is “on the take”. This is probably an exaggeration. However, todays businessman, selling in overseas markets, will frequently meet situations where it is difficult to square his business interests with his moral conscience.,新视野 大学英语,贿赂与商业道德Para. 1 商科学生有时对课程里包含商业道德课略感吃惊。他们通常没意识到在很多国家，形形色色的贿赂行为正日益增多。在某些国家，这已成为人们几百年来的一种生活方式。,新视野 大学英语,Para. 2 假定在一场与政府官员的谈判中，贸易部长向你明确表示如能给他一大笔贿赂，那么你的商品拿到进口许可证就会容易得多，还可能避免他所说的“程序上的延误”。现在的问题是：你是被迫掏钱呢，还是坚持原则?,新视野 大学英语,Para. 3a 高尚的道德标准说起来容易，但实际上人们在这种情况下究竟会怎么做呢?早些时候，一家英国汽车制造商被指控利用一笔基金行贿，并进行其他一些可疑运作，如给代理商和客户高额回扣、提供额外折扣、向一些在瑞士银行开的匿名账户汇款等。,新视野 大学英语,Para. 3b 这家汽车公司否认了这些指控，后来指控也被撤销了。然而，当时英国汽车业里就有人准备私下里说：“瞧，我们这一行竞争激烈，每年我们汽车的海外销售额超过10亿英镑。如果花几百万英镑能让一些客户高兴，谁会有损失呢?我们不这样干，别人也会这样干的。”,新视野 大学英语,Para. 4a 很容易产生这样的印象：贿赂以及其他可疑开支正日渐增多。的确，这似乎已成为商界的一个事实。仅举一例：美国第三大汽车制造企业克莱斯勒汽车公司透露，它在1971至1976年间共发生了25