句子翻译三：省略（4-2）.ppt

翻译技巧与实践之八,省略,省略（Omission）,省略的内容：目标语中显得累赘、罗嗦甚至可有可无的词语。如只具备语法功能的一些虚词：冠词、连词、介词和部分代词。省略法又叫减词法省略的原则：不破坏或删改原意,省略的类型,代词的省略连词的省略冠词的省略介词的省略修辞性省略,代词的省略,省略人称代词,例1Weassureyouofourpromptattentiontothismatter.,我方（向你方）保证（我方）立即处理此事。,例2Whenthestudentsfinishedallthebookstheyhadbrought,theyopenedtheirlunchandateit.,学生们看完了(他们）随身带的书，就打开（他们的）饭盒吃起来。,代词的省略,省略非人称代词和不定代词,例1Beaplacewhatitmay,onegetstolikeit,ifoneliveslonginit.,无论（它）是什么样的地方，（一个人）只要住久了，（这个人）总会喜欢上（这个地方）的。,例3Itisbettertodowellthantosaywell.,（）说得好不如做得好。,例2Itsyourpen.Ifounditontheplayground.,这是你的刚笔，我在操场上找到（它）的。,代词的省略,省略关系代词,例1Fewpeopledobusinesswellwhodonothingelse.,（）除了生意什么事也不做的人是做不好生意的。,例2ThisistheveryhospitalthatIwasbornin.,这正是我出生的医院。,连词的省略,省略并列连词,例1Thesunisbright,andtheskyisclear.,阳光灿烂，（和）晴空万里。,例2Thewatchcostsmeonehundredandfiftydollars.,这块表花掉我150元。,例3Hisfatherisamanwhoforgivesandforgets.,他父亲是个非常宽容的人。,连词的省略,省略从属连词,例1Ifyoudontgotheretomorrow,theyllgetangry.,（如果）你明天不去，他们会生气的。,例2HedeclinedtoamplifyonthePresidentsstatementsincehehadnotreadthetext.,（因为）他没有看到总统讲话的文稿，（他）不愿加以发挥。,冠词的省略,省略定冠词省略不定冠词泛指和单数意义，往往无需保留,thePeoplesRepublicofChina,theUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritain,例Milkissoldbythepound.,牛奶是按（）磅出售的.,例Asquarehasfoursides.,正方形有四条边。,介词的省略,时间或地点状语省略：置于汉语句首；变成动词宾语,方位词,例2OnehundredthousandcitizensinHiroshimaofJapanwerekilledbythefirstatomicbombintheworld.,例1InSeptember1939,theSecondWorldWarbrokeout.,（在）1939年9月，第二次世界大战爆发。,（在）日本广岛有10万市民被人类第一颗原子弹夺去生命。,例3Rumorshadalreadyspreadalongthestreetsandlanes.,各种流言蜚语早就传遍了（）大街小巷。,修辞性省略,对象：依据：目的：,例Universityapplicantswhohadworkedatajobwouldreceivepreferenceoverthosewhohadnot.,报考大学的人，有工作经验者（比没有工作经验的人）优先录取。,任何词语,上下文、逻辑关系、汉语表达习惯,避免译文语句罗嗦、行文不畅,并列句的合译例1Thedocumentsinvolvedincounter-purchaseagreementsarefarmorecomplicatedthannormalcommercialdeal,wheremoneychangedhandsandthatisthat.回购协议所涉及的文件比任何正常商业交易要复杂得多，后者只是钱一转手就完事了。例2Herdresswasgreyandplain,butitfittedherbodynicely。她一身素装简单而合身。,定语从句的合译,限定性或修饰性很强的定语从句,偏正词组,例1Theyreviewedtheinternationalsituationinwhichimportantchangesandgreatupheavalsaretakingplaceandexpoundedtheirrespectivepositionsandattitudes.,双方回顾了正在发生重大变化和巨大动荡的国际形势，并阐明了各自的立场与态度。,例2Ayoungsterwhohasnoplaymatesofhisagelivingnearbymaybenefitgreatlyfromattendingnurseryschool.附近没有同龄伙伴和自己玩的儿童，上托儿所可以得到很多的益处。,非限定性定语从句缩成词组、短语变成句子的主要成分,例Afterwords,theyquarreled,whichwasapity,andcausedmuchfriction.可惜，后来双方发生龃龉，并引起许多磨擦。,例ItwasahopewhichreflectedtheconvictionexpressedsomeyearsearlierbythethenBritishPrimeMinister.这个希望反映了若干年前当时在人的英国首相表达过的信念。,其他从句的合译,名词性从句状语从句,例1Thathewillcometothediscussioniscertain.他肯定会来参加讨论的。,例2Itsaluckythingithappenedthatway.幸好事情是这么个结局。,例Whenthewarbrokeout,helefthishometowntojointhearmy.他在战争爆发那年离开故乡参军去了。,Assignments,1、ThisisthescientistwhojustreturnedfromtheNorthPole.2、Heexpressedthehopethathecouldvisitourcityagain.3、Theyhadgroundhimbeneaththeirheels；theyhadtakenthebestofhim；theyhadmurderedhisfather；theyhadbrokenandwreckedhiswife；theyhadcrushedhiswholefamily4、Peoplearethesameeverywhere.Theyareborn.Theyarebabies.Theyarechildren.Theyareadults.Theygrowold.Theydie.（将红色部分译成简单句）,Assignments,5、Shefelttheflowerswereinherfingers，onherlips，growinginherbreast6、Neitherpartyshallcancelthecontractwithoutsufficientcauseorreason.7、Onefunctionoffriendshipseemstofulfillisthatitsupportstheimagewehaveofourselves,andconfirmsthevalueoftheattitudeswehold.,AnswerstotheAssignments,1、ThisisthescientistwhojustreturnedfromtheNorthPole.这是刚从北极归来的科学家。2、Heexpressedthehopethathecouldvisitourcityagain.他希望他能再次访问我们城市。3、Theyhadgroundhimbeneaththeirheels；theyhadtakenthebestofhim；theyhadmurderedhisfather；theyhadbrokenandwreckedhiswife；theyhadcrushedhiswholefamily他们把他踩在脚下压得粉碎，榨干了他的精髓，害死了他的父亲，摧残了他的妻子，毁了他的全家。（除第一个they外，其它的they都省略不译）,4、Peoplearethesameeverywhere.Theyareborn.Theyarebabies.Theyarechildren.Theyareadults.Theygrowold.Theydie.（将红色部分译成简单句）各地的人都是一样的。人们生下来都要经历从婴儿、儿童、成年人直到衰老死亡的各个人生阶段。5、Shefelttheflowerswereinherfingers，onherlips，growinginherbreast她觉得手里、唇上都是花儿，胸中也生长着花儿。（三个“her”都省略不译）,6、Neitherpartyshallcancelthecontractwithoutsufficientcause