英语思辨考题

英语思辨考试试题1 单选题On the basis of a distinction covered so far, divide these items into two groups that all the items in one group have a feature that none of the items in the second group have. Then choose the items which belong toGroup 1 and Group 2. (Hint: Group 1 has more items than Group 2.)2. Group 2 A. You shouldnt buy that car because it is ugly. B. Walking is the best exercise. It places the least stress on your joints. C. Pooh is my favorite cartoon character because he has lots of personality. D. Youll be able to find a calendar on sale after the first of the year, so it is a good idea to wait until then to buy one. 正确答案CWhichofthefollowingclaimsareobjective? 1. Nicki Minaj can fake a great English accent. A. Objective B. Subjective 2. Green is the most pleasant color to look at. A. Objective B. Subjective 3. Opera would be easier to listen to if theyd leave out the singing. A. Objective B. Subjective 4. Pit vipers can strike a warm-blooded animal even when it is pitch dark. A. Objective B. Subjective 5. Fallon tells better jokes than Letterman. A. Objective B. Subjective 6. Your teacher would be crazy not to complain if you text in class. A. Objective B. Subjective 7. Halloween 5 scared the you-know-what out of my sister. A. Objective B. Subjective 8. John Kerry has quite an unusual chin. A. Objective B. Subjective 正确答案 BBBABBAAWhichofthefollowingclaimspertaintoright/wrong,good/bad,orshould/shouldnt? 1. We did the right thing getting rid of Saddam. He was a sadistic tyrant. A. Pertains to moral right/wrong B. Pertains to aesthetic good/bad C. Doesnt pertain 2. Its time you starting thinking about somebody other than yourself! A. Pertains to moral right/wrong B. Pertains to aesthetic good/bad C. Doesnt pertain 3. The FBI and CIA dont share information all that often, at least thats what Ive heard. A. Pertains to moral right/wrong B. Pertains to aesthetic good/bad C. Doesnt pertain 4. Hip hop is better than country, any day. A. Pertains to moral right/wrong B. Pertains to aesthetic good/bad C. Doesnt pertain 5. If we want to stop the decline in enrollments here at Chaffee, we need to give students skills they can use. A. Pertains to moral right/wrong B. Pertains to aesthetic good/bad C. Doesnt pertain 正确答案 AACBCFor each numbered passage, identify which lettered item best states the primary issue discussed in the passage. Be prepared to say why you think your choice is the correct one.1. Let me tell you why Hank ought not to take that math course. First, its too hard, and hell probably flunk it. Second, hes going to spend the whole term in a state of frustration. Third, hell probably get depressed and do poorly in all the rest of his courses. A. whether Hank ought to take the math course B. whether Hank would flunk the math course C. whether Hank will spend the whole term in a state of frustration D. whether Hank will get depressed and do poorly in all the rest of his courses 2. Its clear that the mainstream media have lost interest in classical music. For example, the NBC network used to have its own classical orchestra conducted by Arturo Toscanini, but no such orchestra exists now. One newspaper, the no-longer-existent Washington Star, used to have thirteen classical music reviewers; thats more than twice as many as The New York Times has now. H. L. Mencken and other columnists used to devote considerable space to classical music; nowadays, you almost never see it mentioned in a major column. A. whether popular taste has turned away from classical music B. whether newspapers are employing fewer writers on classical music C. whether the mainstream media have lost interest in classical music 3. The defeat of the school voucher initiative was a bad thing for the country because now public schools wont have any incentive to clean up their act. Furthermore, the defeat perpetuates the private-school-for-the-rich, public-school-for-the-poor syndrome. A. whether public schools now have any incentive to clean up their act B. whether the defeat of the school voucher initiative was bad for the country C. whether public schools now have any incentive to clean up their act and whether the private-school-for-the-rich, public-school-for-the-poor syndrome will be perpetuated (issues are equally stressed) 4. Most people you find on university faculties are people who are interested in ideas. And the most interesting ideas are usually new ideas. So most people you find on university faculties are interested in new ideas. Therefore, you are not going to find many conservatives on university faculties, because conservatives are not usually interested in new ideas. A. whether conservatives are interested in new ideas B. whether youll find many conservatives on university faculties C. whether people on university faculties are interested more in new ideas than in older ideas D. whether most people are correct 正确答案 ACBBFor each numbered passage in this exercise, identify which lettered item best states the primary issue discussed in the passage. Be prepared to say why you think your choice is the correct one.1. In precivil war Spain, the influence of the Catholic Church must have been much stronger on women than on men. You can determine this by looking at the number of religious communities, such as monasteries, nunneries, and so forth. A total of about 5,000 such communities existed in 1931; 4,000 of them were female, whereas only 1,000 of them were male. This proves my point about the Churchs influence on the sexes. A. whether the Catholic Churchs influence was stronger on women than on men in precivil war Spain B. whether the speakers statistics really prove his point about the Churchs influence C. whether the figures about religious communities really have anything to do with the overall influence of the Catholic Church in Spain 2. From the way it tastes, you might think French roast has more caffeine in it than regular coffee, but it has less. The darker the roast, the less caffeine there is in it. I read this in Consumer Reports. A. whether Consumer Reports is a good source of information about coffee B. whether French roast has more caffeine than regular coffee C. whether most people think French roast has more caffeine than regular coffee 3. The winner of this years spelling bee is a straight-A student whose favorite subject is science, which isnt surprising, since students interested in science learn to pay attention to details. A. whether the winner of this years spelling bee is a straight-A student B. whether science students learn to pay attention to details C. whether learning science will improve a students ability to spell D. whether learning science teaches a student to pay attention to details E. none of the above 4. YOU: So, what do you think of the governor? YOUR FRIEND: Not much, actually. YOU: What do you mean? Dont you think shes been pretty good? YOUR FRIEND: Are you serious? YOU: Well, yes. I think shes been doing a fine job. YOUR FRIEND: Oh, come on. Werent you complaining about her just a few days ago? A. whether your friend thinks the governor has been a good governor B. whether you think the governor has been a good governor C. whether the governor has been a good governor D. whether you have a good argument for thinking the governor has been a good governor 正确答案 ABECSome of these items are arguments, and some are not. Which are which? 1. Tipsarevic is unlikely to win the U.S. Open this year. He has a nagging leg injury, plus he doesnt have the drive he once had. A. Argument B. Not an argument 2. Everybody is saying the president earned the Nobel Prize. What a stupid idea! He hasnt earned it at all. Theres not a lick of truth in that notion. A. Argument B. Not an argument 3. PROFESSOR X: Well, I see where the new chancellor wants to increase class sizes. PROFESSOR Y: Yeah, another of his bright ideas. PROFESSOR X: Actually, I dont think it hurts to have one or two extra people in class. PROFESSOR Y: What? Of course it hurts. Whatever are you thinking? PROFESSOR X: Well, I just think there are good reasons for increasing the class size a bit. A. Argument B. Not an argument 4. John Montgomery has been the Eastern Baseball Leagues best closer this season. Unfortunately, when a closer gets shelled, as Montgomery did last night, it takes him a while to recover. Nobody will say he is the best closer after that performance. A. ArgumentB. Not an argument 正确答案ABBA Choosetherightansweroranswers.1. Educated guesses or rules of thumb are often called_.A. fallacies B. shortcuts C. heuristics 2. Emotion, greed, and bias are all factors that can _critical thinking. A. support B. undermine 4. All Dobermans are dogs. Some dogs like to bark. Therefore some Dobermans like to bark. The tendency to accept this argument at first glance may be due to _. A. self-serving bias B. negativity bias C. confirmation bias D. belief bias 5. This bias is present when most members of a group think they are better at something than most other members of the group. A. Better-than-average illusion B. Fundamental attribution error C. Belief bias D. Bandwagon effect 6. What bias is in effect when you assume that the candidate whose name you see the most often is probably the most popular candidate? A. Obedience to authority B. Availability heuristic C. Majority rules D. Bandwagon effect 正确答案C B D A BChoosetherightanswer.1. An argument consists of, at minimum,_. A. a conclusion B. one premise and a conclusion C. two or more premises and conclusion D. a premise 3. Suzanne is 99% certain most of her test answers are correct. In reality, most of her answers are not correct. What type of bias might Suzanne be demonstrating? A. Overconfidence effect B. Poor estimation C. Belief bias 4. Charles and his colleague Mikes children attend classes at the same school. Charles believes that his childrens exceptional performance at school is due to their superior intelligence. He always attributes their occasional failures to bad luck. On the other hand, he believes that Mikes children achieve high test scores due to sheer luck and tends to attribute their failures to a possible lack of hard work and dedication. Which of the following is illustrated in this scenario? A. In-group bias B. Availability heuristic C. Bandwagon effect D. Selection bias 5. A critical thinker tries to _. A. overstate conclusions B. evaluate arguments C. understate conclusions D. persuade an audience 6. After seeing a number of reports concerning shark attacks, you decide not to visit the beach for spring break. Which cognitive bias is at play? A. In-group bias B. Bandwagon effect C. Availability heuristic 正确答案 B A A B CChoosetherightanswer.1. This is the tendency to carry out orders from a superior without question. A. Negativity Bias B. Bandwagon effect C. Fundamental attribution error D. Obedience to authority 2. The method used to come to correct conclusions is to evaluate our thinking by standards of _. A. informational theory B. logic and common sense C. statistics, history, and research 3. What types of arguments should you avoid? A. Weak, invalid and irrelevant B. Strong, invalid, and relevant C. Weak, valid, and relevant D. Strong, valid, and relevant 4. _ is the idea that if a person thinks something is morally wrong, then it is morally wrong for that person and he/she does not need to consider any further truth. A. Moral absolutism B. Moral objectivism C. Moral subjectivism 5. What is the result of expressing a belief, judgment, or opinion in a declarative sentence? A. A claim B. A question C. An exclamation正确答案DBACA Some of these items are best viewed as deductive arguments and some as inductive arguments. Which are which?1. No mayten tree is deciduous, and all nondeciduous trees are evergreens. It follows that all mayten trees are evergreens. A. Deductive demonstration B. Inductive support 2. Ive never met a golden retriever with a nasty disposition. I bet there arent any. A. Deductive demonstration B. Inductive support 3. Biden will make a fine president. After all, he made a fine vice president. A. Deductive demonstration B. Inductive support 4. Its wrong to hurt someones feelings, and that is exactly what you are doing when you speak to me like that. A. Deductive demonstration B. Inductive support 正确答案ABBAWhich of the following items are intended to be deductive arguments and which are intended to be inductive arguments?1. Miss Scarlets fingerprints were on the knife used to kill Colonel Mustard. Furthermore, he was killed in the pantry, and she was the only person who had a key to the pantry. Clearly she killed the colonel. A. Deductive B. Inductive 2. Sparky is scratching again. He must either have a skin infection or flea bites. A. Deductive B. Inductive 3. I didnt get enough sleep last night; therefore I should get to bed earlier tonight. A. Deductive B. Inductive 4. I can hear you lots better now! You must be holding the phone in a different position. A. Deductive B. Inductive 正确答案BBABSome of these passages are best viewed as attempted deductive demonstrations, and others are best viewed as offering inductive support. Which are which?1. All mammals are warm-blooded creatures, and all whales are mammals. Therefore, all whales are warm-blooded creatures. A. Deductive demonstration B. Inductive support C. Both 2. The brains of rats raised in enriched environments with a variety of toys and puzzles weigh more than the brains of rats raised in more barren environments. Therefore, the brains of humans will weigh more if humans are placed in intellectually stimulating environments. A. Deductive demonstration B. Inductive support C. Both 3. Weve interviewed two hundred professional football players, and 60 percent of them favor expanding the season to twenty games. Therefore, 60 percent of all professional football players favor expanding the season to twenty games. A. Deductive demonstration B. Inductive support C. Both 4. Believe in God? Yes, of course I do. The universe couldnt have arisen by chance, could it? Besides, I read the other day that more and more physicists believe in God, based on what theyre finding out about the big bang and all that stuff. A. Deductive demonstration B. Inductive support C. Both 5. From an office memo: “Ive got a good person for your opening in Accounting. Jesse Brown is his name, and hes as sharp as they come. Jesse has a solid background in bookkeeping, and hes good with computers. Hes also reliable, and hell project the right image. He will do a fine job for you.” A. Deductive demonstration B. Inductive support C. Both正确答案ABBCBIdentify each of the following as either IBE, balance of considerations reasoning or neither of them.1. Lets go now. I know you wanted to work in the yard, but if we wait longer, we wont make the movie. Plus, its gonna get cold if we dont make tracks. A. IBE B. balance of considerations reasoningc.C. neither of the above 2. All things considered, wed be better off taking the Suburban. Plus, lets get AAA to help us make reservations. A. IBE B. balance of considerations reasoning C. neither of the above 3. Its longer taking the 405, but you can drive fasterthough who knows what the traffics like at this hour. I would say if you want to play it safe, stay on the 5. A. IBE B. balance of considerations reasoning C. neither of the above 4. Sherry seems right for the job to me. She speaks French, knows biology, has people skills, and makes a great impression. The only down side is, she cant start until October. That pretty much eliminates her, unfortunately. A. IBE B. balance of considerations reasoning C. neither of the above 正确答案BBBBIdentify each of the following as either IBE, balance of considerations reasoning or neither of them.1. These tomatoes got plenty of sunlight and water. The only thing that could account for their being rotten is the soil. A. IBE B. balance of considerations reasoning C. neither of the above 2. Priglet messed on the carpet again! Is he sick do you suppose? Or is he trying to tell us something? It seems like he does that only when we leave him alone for a long time. I bet he just has a weak bladder. A. IBE B. balance of considerations reasoning C. neither of the above 3. “The man I found in the room was definitely a fighter and a smart one too. He hid his gun, chest rack, and hand grenades just out of reach and well enough for us not to see them on our initial entry into the room.” Mark Owen, No Easy Way A. IBE B. balance of considerations reasoning C. neither of the above 4. I am reading this sentence; therefore I am alive. A. IBE B. balance of considerations reasoning C. neither of the above 正确答案AABCWhich of the following instances of “because” are followed by a cause, and which are followed by a premise?1. Weve had so much hot weather recently because the jet stream is unusually far north. A. “Because” is followed by a cause. B. “Be