被动语态 (2).ppt

被动语态,教学内容,被动语态的构成（记忆）被动语态使用的场合（了解）被动语态与几种结构（理解）不用于被动语态的场合（记忆）主动表被动的场合（重难点）,语态是表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中只有及物动词才有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态；当主语是动词的承受者时，动词就用被动语态。,一、被动语态的构成（记忆）be+过去分词get/become+过去分词（口语中）具体表现在下列9种时态中：一般现在时：is/am/are+done一般过去时：was/were+done现在进行时：is/am/are+beingdone过去进行时：was/were+beingdone,一般将来时：will/shallbe+done过去将来时：would/shouldbe+done现在完成时：have/hasbeen+done过去完成时：hadbeen+done将来完成时：will/shallhavebeen+done,二、被动语态使用的场合（了解）,1）没必要指明动作的执行者时ThiscarwasmadeinFrance.这台车是法国制造的。2)当需要强调动作的承受者或事件本身时。Theskirtwasmadebymymother.这条裙子是我妈妈做的。3)上下文的需要。Hewonthefirstgoldmedalandwasinterviewedbymanyreporters.他获得了第一枚金牌，受到许多记者的采访。,3)不知道谁是动作的执行者ItisfoundthatTomwasmurderedandthepolicehastakesactiontolookintothecase.有人发现汤姆被杀，警方已采取行动调查此案。,常见句式：“It+be+过去分词+从句”结构的被动结构Itisknownthat.众所周知Itissuggestedthat.有人建议Itisbelievedthat.有人相信Itishopedthat.大家希望Itisthoughtthat.大家认为eg.Itssuggestedthatweputthemeetingoff.,5）出于礼貌，而不愿说出动作执行者时Youarerequestedtogethereintime.请您准时来这儿。6）在文章标题、广告和新闻中。（be常省略）Awomanteacher(is)needed/wanted.招聘一名女教师。,三、被动语态与几种结构（理解）,1）主+谓+宾Heisrepairingthecar.-Thecarisbeingrepairedbyhim.如果宾语是that从句，用it作形式主语，that从句放在后面。Theysaythathehasbeenabroad.-Itissaidthathehasbeenabroad.,2)主+谓+双宾Heboughtmeabook.-Iwasboughtabook(byhim).-Abookwasboughtforme(byhim),3)主+谓+宾+宾补Weelectedhimourchairman.-Hewaselectedourchairman.4)动词短语变被动语态时，应看为一个整体不可分割。Otherpeopleoftenlaughathim.-Hewasoftenlaughedatbyotherpeople.(动词+介词）Everyonelookeddownuponhim.-Hewaslookeddownuponbyeveryone.(动词+副词+介词）,5）情态动词+be+过去分词Weoughttosendthegirltohospitalatonce.-Thegirloughttobesenttohospital(byus)atonce.,6）get/become+过去分词此结构既可以表被动结构又可以表示系表结构，表被动时侧重于动作的结果。Hegotkilledbythebus.Hegotmarriedtohertoday.,四、不用于被动语态的场合（记忆）,1）所有不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。如：happen,takeplace,comeabout,occur,breakout,disappear,arrive,rise,lie,comeintobeing,cometrue,runout,giveout（精疲力竭),hurt(疼痛）-Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecity.这座城市发生了巨大的变化。,2）所有的连系动词不能用于被动语态。如：be,become,get,turn,fall,appear,seem,grow,prove,look,sound,smell,taste,feel等。Thesouptastesdelicious.汤尝起来很美味。Themethodprovespractical.这个办法证明是可行的。,3）表示归属的动词，如have,own,belongto等Thehousebelongstoher.这栋房子是她的。4）表示存在类的动词。如remain,stay,lie,stand,exist,keep等。,五、主动表被动的场合（重难点）,1）当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时。-Thenewssoundsexciting.-Howbeautifultheflowerslook!,2)当及物动词cut,read,sell,wear,lock,open,close,write,burn,cook,boil,wash等作不及物动词，且其后常有副词如：well,easily,hardly,nicely,smoothly,perfectly等修饰。-Thismetalcutseasily.这种金属容易切割。-Thematchlightseasily.这火柴容易划着。-Theclotheswearwell.,3）want,require,need,deserve,bear后面接动名词表被动sthdoing=sthtobedone-Themachineneedsrepairing.机器需要修了。-Hislanguagewontbearrepeating.他的话不堪重复。,4）beworthdoing表被动Thefilmiswellworthseeing.这部电影很值得一看。5）少数几个动词作表语或定语时，如：blame（责备）,let（出租）,seek（寻找）。Hewastoblamefortheaccident.他因事故要受到责备。Therearemanyhousestolet.很多房子有待出租。,6）几个特例Thiskindofwaterisntfittodrink.这种水不适合饮用。Thegirlisnteasytogetalongwith.这女孩很难相处。Ihavealotofarticlestotype.Themanagerhasalotofarticlestobetyped.,被动表主动Beseated,please!,C,C,B,（2009湖南）Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?TheweatherreportandIwanttolisten.A.isbroadcastB.isbeingbroadcastC.hasbeenbroadcastD.hadbeenbroadcast,B,D,Waterat100.Insuchhotwe