八年级下英语阅读D篇

D1（朝阳区）Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost mention recycling, which is the process (过程) of treating used things, such as paper or steel so that they can be used again. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more things than we need. We are now dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the possible greenest way, but it would be far better if we did not bring so many things home in the first place. Here is an example. In the UK, the total of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a households waste. In many supermarkets, foods are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard. Too much packaging causes serious environmental problems. The UK is running out of different kinds of ways for dealing with this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect (效果). Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The best way of avoiding this problem is to stop producing such unnecessary things in the first place. Food waste is another serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers (消费者) to buy more than they need. They seldom encourage customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to connect packaging with quality (质量). We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. Is it true for all the products? In fact, more and more companies realized the importance of protecting the environment. They try to package what really should be packaged, including products in good quality. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize how many unnecessary things are being collected. We need to face the waste of our daily life. Although many people have taken action to recycle, we have a high mountain to climb.1. What does the underlined word “over-consumption” mean? A. Making the environment green. B. Recycling as much as possible. C. Making more products than necessary. D. Having more things than being needed.2. What is the main purpose of the second paragraph? A. To show the facts of over-used packaging. B. To talk about the possible greenest ways.C. To teach people how to do recycling at home. D. To express worries about environmental problems. 3. What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?A. Unpackaged products are of bad quality. B. Other products are better packaged than food. C. We cant always connect quality with packaging. D. Supermarkets should care more about packaging. 4. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Supermarkets should recycle first. B. Packaging causes serious problems.C. Needless things are mostly recycled. D. Recycling should be done in the first place.D2（西城区）The secret in re-remembering is to allow the full powfer of your memory to flow freely without “trying” to remember any one specific (特定的) thing.I recently sat down to a relaxed and enjoyable dinner with some friends. At the beginning of the meal, a friend told us that his car had just been broken into and his briefcase (公文包) had been stolen. He was frustrated (懊恼的) because his diary and a number of other items (物品) important to him were in the briefcase. He said he could remember only four items that were in his stolen briefcase, that he knew there were many more, that he had to give a full report to the police within two hours, and that the more he tried to remember the more blocked he became. Several of us at the table who were familiar with Memory Principles (规则) then took him through the following exercise: instead of continuing to allow him to think of what he could not remember, we asked him when he had last had his briefcase open. It turned out that it was at the office just before he left work, at which point he suddenly remembered that he had put two important magazine articles in the briefcase. We then asked him when he had last had the briefcase open before leaving home for work. It turned out to have been the night before, and he remembered having put in two more articles as well as a tape recorder, in preparation for the following morning. Finally we asked him to describe the inner (内部的) design of his briefcase, and as he went through a detailed description, he remembered pens, pencils, letters and a number of other items that he had completely “forgotten” before. Within 20 minutes, he remembered 18 additional items.The secret is to “forget about” whatever you are trying to remember and “relive” all experiences that connect in any way with the item you are trying to remember. This method works at once almost in all cases, and takes the form of a created Mind Map around the “missing” center. This memory method, like the others, improves your memory as well as your creativity, and in addition gives you confidence when you realize that, no matter what you have forgotten, there is still a chance to solve any memory mystery (谜团)!1. Which of the following shows how the man remembered the items according to the passage?full reportat the officebriefcaseinner designfull reportin the restaurantfriendsstolen briefcase A Bstolen briefcaseinner designat homeat the officestolen briefcaseimportant letterspencilstape recorder C D2. What does the underlined word “relive” mean in the passage?A. go through againB. get out of C. get used to againD. pay attention to3. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Forgetting You can never really forget B. Drawing The better way to remember thingsC. Re-remembering Remember what you have forgottenD. Replacing Forgetting something instead of remembering D3（门头沟）Happiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy but few know how to find happiness. Money and success dont bring lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other words, we make our own happiness.Some people believe that if they are wealthy, they will be able to do anything they want, which means happiness. On the other hand, some people believe that holding a high position in the government is happiness. In this way, you have not only money, but also many other things which cant be bought by money. However, other people believe that having lots of money is not happiness, nor is holding a high position in the government. These people value(重视) their beliefs, or their intelligence, or their health. They think these can make them happy.Here are a few ways to help you be happier.The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the future, for example, getting into college or getting a good job, that we dont enjoy the present. You should enjoy lifes simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have close friends usually enjoy happier and healthier lives.The second secret of happiness is to be active. Many people go dancing or play sports. People can forget about their problems and only think about the activities.Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. According to studies, people feel good when they volunteer their time to do many meaningful things for other people. If you want to feel happier, do something nice for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to get food for an old neighbor, or simply help around the house.Now maybe you know how to find happiness! ( ) 1. Some people who hold a high position in the government think they can _. A. get money and something they cant buy with money B. do what they want to do at any time C. enjoy health which makes them work hard D. take an active part in all kinds of activities every day( ) 2. The writer thinks the secret of happiness is that people _. A. think about getting a good job B. think of presents they dont like C. often spend time with close friends D. often spend time on entering the college( ) 3. Many people find it happy to _. A. remember the old days and troubles B. do some meaningful things for others C. go shopping to buy some food D. make much money and little successD4（东城区） You have learned about energy. Do you know that HEAT is a form of ENERGY? Yep, this form of energy acts on everything. And, were going to look at a few experiments to learn how this form of energy acts and why we need to know all about it.The heat energy of something is decided by how active its atoms(原子)and molecules(分子)are. A hot object is one whose atoms and molecules are excited and show rapid movement. A cooler objects molecules and atoms will be less excited and show less movement. When these guys are in the excited state, they take up a lot of space because theyre moving around so fast. When the atoms and molecules settle down, or cool down, they take up less space.If a HOT high-energy atom comes into contact with a cool low-energy atom, the excited atom will loose some of its energy to the cool atom. The two atoms will reach an energy level thats between where they each started out. That level is called Thermal Equilibrium. Experiment: If you have a cup of really hot chocolate and want to cool it down, you may put an ice cube in the cup. After the ice has completely melted (disappeared), the hot chocolate and the melted ice have come to Thermal Equilibrium.Now that you have an idea of what heat is, lets look at some of the effects of this form of energy. Heres another experiment. Blow up a balloon, but not all the way. Put the balloon in a refrigerator for about an hour, then take it out. Did it become smaller? Why? It became smaller because the air molecules inside the balloon slowed down and are taking up less space. Now put the balloon in direct sunlight. What happened after it warmed up? Why?From the above experiment, we learned a very important factheat causes things to “grow”. We call this Thermal Expansion. If things “grow” when heated, what do you think happens to them when they get cold?If you get a chance to check out some railroad tracks, notice the gaps or separations between the rails. (Dont get run over by a train!) Thermal expansion and contraction is why those gaps are placed there that way, and why expansion joints are placed in long highway bridges. Youve probably felt expansion joints on old concrete highways. Remember the “thumpthump” sound as you rode over them?1. How many experiments are mentioned in the passage? A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.2. What is Thermal Equilibrium?A. The fact that hot atoms loose some energy to cool atoms when they meet.B. The fact that there are always the gaps or separations between the rails.C. The fact that heat causes things to increase in size.D. The fact that heat is another form of energy. 3. Why is the first paragraph written?A. To explain what heat energy is.B. To sort energy forms for readers.C. To give examples of heat energy. D. To tell readers what to read here. 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Why thermal expansion is on the tracks and highways.B. How to check railroad tracks and concrete highways.C. Why railroads and highways are built that way.D. How to remember the “thumpthump” sound.D5（密云）For hundreds Of years, scientists have been trying to answer what things have an effect on peoples emotions (情感). How you feel is controlled by many things. Your emotions can be affected by your personality, by the actions of others and by events around you. Perhaps you dont know your emotions can be influenced by the weather as well. People often say they feel good when the sun is shining and sad when it is cloudy. In fact, sunlight makes us feel good. When sunlight hits our skins, our bodies produce a vitamin. Vitamins are natural chemicals (化学物质) which we all need to stay healthy. Sunlight helps our bodies produce vitamin D. Vitamin D helps our bodies make a special chemical. This special chemical affects our brains (大脑) and makes us feel happy. For example, there are long, dark winters of little sunlight in Sweden and Norway, so many people in these countries often feel sad. Without much sunlight, their bodies produce less vitamin D. Without enough vitamin D, their bodies make less of this special chemical which makes them feel good. To help the people in these countries feel better, special “sunrooms” with artificial (人造的) lights have been built. People can go there and get “sunlight” for an hour or two!The weather can also affect peoples emotions in other ways. Hot weather can make people angry because people feel uncomfortable when they are hot. In the same way, rain can make people angry because being wet can be unpleasant. As you can see, the weather can have an effect on the chemicals which control our brains. Through these ways, the weather can influence our emotions. Sadly, while the weather can change us, we can hardly change the weather.1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage ? A. Weather. B. Actions of others. C. Personality. D. Age.2. What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A. We feel good when we are in the bright cool weather.B. We will be happy when we are caught in the rain. C. All people in Norway and Sweden feel sad in winter.D. The more vitamin D you have, the happier youll be.3. What may be the best title for this passage? A. Why Do We Feel Sad B. The Weather Influences Peoples EmotionsC. People Need More Vitamin D D. We Can Hardly Change the Weather D6（大兴区） Do you speak English? Do you speak e-mail English? Maybe you dont. E-mail English is a new kind of English that many people use to save time. A lot of e-mail English words come from a computer program called QQ, which means I seek(寻找)you. Ian Lancashire, a Canadian teacher, likes QQ, “People can use QQ to talk with each other using computer. But, you have to be able to type quickly or the other person will be bored. So e-mail English can give some help.” A message in e-mail English mostly uses two kinds of new words. The first kind is made up of the first letters of the words. These are called acronyms. The second kind is homophones，letter combination(合并), symbols that sound like other words.Acronyms in an e-mail save space and time. It takes a long time to write by the way. BTW is much faster. Other acronyms are F2F which stands for face to face, CSL for cant stop laughing and DBEYR for dont believe everything you read! Some of the acronyms look like strange words, such as SWAK. But this one means sealed(封口) with a kiss. Homophones often use letters and numbers that sound like words or parts of words. For example, 8 sound likeeat in great, to save time, people write gr8. Another example is CU for see you or sometimes CU l8r (see you later) The number 2 is used for to or too and the number 4 is used instead of for. Another part of e-mail is emotive symbols(表情符号) which make faces when you look at them sideways. The most common emotive, is the happy face :). A comma (逗号) is often used to help add other parts of the face and show different expressions. E-mail English is fun. An e-mail message with lots of e-mail English starts to look like secret code(密码). Your best friend will probably understand it, but your parents and teachers may not. In fact, many teachers dont like e-mail English. Its not just because they cant comprehend what it means. Its because students start to use e-mail English in their everyday writing. E-mail English is great for writing quickly. But most teachers say that e-mail English should only be used in e-mails to ones friends.1. What does the writer talk about in the first paragraph? A. How to read new e-mail words. B. How new e-mail words are made. C. Why people use e-mail English. D. Canadian teachers and their e-mails.2. The underlined word “comprehend” in the last paragraph means “_”. A. accept B. understand C. guessD. prefer3. What do teachers insist according to the passage? A. Parents will have to learn some e-mail English. B. E-mail English will develop our everyday writing. C. E-mail English cant be used among schoolmates. D. E-mail English shouldnt be used in school writing.4. Whats the title for this passage? A. E-mail English on Computer. B. American E-mail English. C. The Forms of E-mail English.D. The Changing of English.D7（房山区）Many people in the United States and throughout the world enjoy bird watching or “birding”. A report by the U.S. Wildlife Service showed that over 50 million Americans watched birds. There are many reasons why birding has become so popular, but one of the main reasons is how easy it is to start. Birding is an activity that almost anyone can do regardless of （不论） age, physical size and strength, or experience; Also, it can be done alone or as part of a group of other birding enthusiasts. A city park, a field, a forest, or even a friends backyard are all good places to start. This makes the fun of bird watching open to everyone.binocularThe basics of bird watching are simple. Bird watching is “the observation of birds in their natural home.” All you need to star