三年高考（2014-2016）英语真题分项版解析—— 专题06情态动词和虚拟语气

专题6 情态动词和虚拟语气2016年高考题1.【2016北京】31. I love the weekend, because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. neednt B. mustntC. wouldnt D. shouldnt【答案】A考点：考查情态动词【名师点睛】 常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need,should, had better.1. can 的用法： 表示能力 “能，会” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。 表示请求或许可 “可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗? 表示猜测 “可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢? 2.may 的用法：表示请求或允许 “可以”“准许” eg: May I go home，please?请问我可以回家吗? 表示可能性 “ 可能”、也许” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。 注：might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。 eg: He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定) You might also get a headache when you work too hard，当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛3. must的用法： 表示义务、必要或命令 “必须、应该” eg: You must come early tomorrow你明天得早来。 表示推测时“肯定，一定” eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢. must not 禁止，不许 eg: You must not tell lies. 你不许撒谎。 注意： must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用 dont have to 或neednt 。而不用mustnt eg: -Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗？ -No, you dont have to/ neednt. 不，你不必。 can 和 must在 表推测时，can一般否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。 eg: It can not be Li Lei 那个人不可能是李磊 It must be Li Lei 那个人肯定是李磊。4. need 的用法： 情态动词 “需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。 eg: You neednt come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。 行为动词 “需要, 有必要” 可以用于各种句式中。eg: You dont need to go now. 你不必现在就走。 I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下 Do we need to finish all the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？need的用法的助记口诀：实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。 need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。情态动词表“需要”，没有人称 数之变。 其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。2.【2016北京】34. Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ me, I could have helped.A. told B. had toldC. were to tell D. would tell【答案】B考点：考查虚拟语气【名师点睛】英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。1、 陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）2、 祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）3、 虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.1、 虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法真实条件句If you work hard,youll surely pass the exam.虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.If it snowed tomorrow, we would stay at the home.if从句的谓语动词主句谓语动词1.与现在事实相反动词过去式（be一律用were）would/could/might/should+动词原形2.与过去事实相反had done would/could/might/should+have done3.与将来事实可能相反a.动词过去式（be一律用were）b.should+动词原形（不能用would）c.were to+动词原形would/could/might/should+动词原形1. 与现在事实相反if从句：动词过去式（be-were）主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形If we had time, we would go with you.If I were you, I shouldnt do that.If it werent raining, we wouldnt stay.3.与将来事实可能相反if从句：a.动词过去式（be一律用were） b.should+动词原形（不能用would） c.were to+动词原形主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.4. 错综时间条件句在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If you had followed the doctors advice then, you would be all right now.If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.(有时时间会省略） 6. 虚拟结合条件句在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition.（实-虚）=I was ill that day. If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition.He would have bought the piano, but he didnt have enough money.（虚-实）=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didnt have enough money. 7. 省略if倒装条件句在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were，那么可省略if，把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you. =Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.If I were you, I wouldnt do that. =were I you, I wouldnt do that.If I should meet him, I would tell him about it. =Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.3.【2016江苏】27.If itfor his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A.had not beenB.should not beC. were not to be D. should not have been【答案】A【名师点睛】有时条件从句和主句所表示的动作在时间上可以不一致（例如一个与过去事实相反，另一个与现在事实相反），这种虚拟条件句就称为错综时间虚拟条件句。在这种条件句中，动词的形式要根据具体情况进行调整。例句：She would never have behaved like that if she had some common sense.如果她有一些常识的话，她就决不会像那样做了。If I had a bike (now), I would have lent it to you yesterday.假如我有自行车，昨天早就借给你了。句型说明：错综时间条件句中，特别注意时间状语，在这种情况下必须明确给以时间或通过上下文可明白看出时间不同，否则就按一般时间搭配使用。考点：考查虚拟语气4.【2016天津】5. It was really annoying; I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended. A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：这真是令人生气的；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldnt不愿意；couldnt不能；shouldnt不应该；neednt不必。故选B。考点：考查情态动词。【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，这几个情态动词的否定形式意思各不相同，确定各自的含义，弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。couldnt通常表示“没有能力”，wouldnt带有意愿色彩，shouldnt强调的是没有义务，必要性；neednt表示“没有需要”，之间有明显不同。5.【2016天津】15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I _. A. were injured B. would be injured C. had been injured D. would have been injured【答案】D【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should+do if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。这句话的虚拟语气比较明显，if条件句使用了过去完成进行时和过去相反，没有倒装形式，学生容易看出。6.【2016浙江】15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005.A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气， if条件句用的had done，而且省略it，将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选D。考点：考查虚拟语气。【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should+do if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。这句话的虚拟语气比较明显，if条件句省略了if，将had提前，说明使用了过去完成进行时和过去相反，学生看出这点就容易做题了。7.【2016浙江】17. George _ too far . His coffee is still warm .A. must have gone B. might have gone C. cant have gone D. neednt have gone【答案】C考点：考查情态动词+have done。【名师点睛】熟练掌握情态动词的用法，对准确理解语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解、听力理解中含有情态动词的句子是很有益处的，并且在写作中也可能会用到情态动词。因此，我们应当学好情态动词，尤其要掌握好常用情态动词的用法。情态动词+have done的用法：情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。注意不同的情态动词和have done搭配的含义。表示推测的can have done一般用于疑问和否定句中。2015年高考题1.【2015北京】29Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late. I really _go now, My daughter is home alone.A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：你不能再多待会儿吗?很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境。2.【2015北京】34. If I _it with my own eyes ,I wouldnt have believed it.A . didnt see B. werent seeing C. wouldnt see D. hadnt seen【答案】D【考点定位】虚拟语气【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气。3.【2015重庆】7.Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway_ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A. didnt write B. hadnt written C. wouldnt write D. wouldnt have written【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选D项。【考点定位】考查虚拟语气【名师点睛】虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测建议等含义，表示的含义不是客观存在的事实，此类的题目一般难度不大，主要找对时间状语，并且看分清时间状语与主句还是从句有关系，再来确定用对现在，过去还是将来的虚拟。4.【2015重庆】12. You _ be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.A. mustB. can C. will D. shall【答案】A 【解析】试题分析：句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。 must表示对现在的肯定推测。故选A。【考点定位】考查情态动词。【名师点睛】must表推测的用法must表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会”“肯定会”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动词原形。You have worked hard all day. You must be tired 你辛苦一整天，一定累了（对现在情况的推测判断）I didnt hear the phone. I must have be asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。5.【2015浙江】4. It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. mustnt D neednt【答案】A【考点定位】考查情态动词【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，情态动词否定式的用法辨析，“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。6.【2015天津】7. I _ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.A. mightntB. mustntC. needntD. couldnt【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。neednt have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可知选C。【考点定位】考查情态动词。【名师点睛】本题考查情态动词。分析此题需抓住后句for my classmates here are very friendly to me.可知此处为本没有必要做某事，mightnt也许不；mustnt不允许；couldnt不可能。再根据句意可以选出正确答案。7.【2015天津】13. I wish I _ at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.A. will be B. would be C. have been D. had been 【答案】D【考点定位】考查虚拟语气。【名师点睛】本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。2用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。3wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。分析此题需抓住时间状语last Tuesday，可以判断出此题wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。8.【2015四川】2.You _be careful with the camera. It costs!A .must B. may C. can D. will【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，故选择A，意为：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。【考点定位】考查情态动词【名师点睛】考查情态动词的用法。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，此题主要考查情态动词基本意义的辨析。因此考生需要熟知选项中每个选项的具体意义以及之间的用法区别，然后根据句意选择正确的选项。选项B意为可能；选项C意为能够、有时会；选项D意为会、愿意等。根据句意，是说话人提出的要求，故选择A，表示必须。9.【2015陕西】21. You feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.A. should B. need C. shall D. may【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的。should应该；need需要；shall将会；may（不确定）可能。所以选D。【考点定位】考查情态动词【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，同样是“可能”can表示“客观上可能”，may/might表示“不太确定的可能”，should“按道理”应该。弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。10.【2015陕西】23.Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced【答案】C【考点定位】考查虚拟语气【名师点睛】虚拟语气表示一些事与愿违或和事实不符的情况。有一些规则要记忆，如一些固定句型，还有要记住这些句型中动词的形式。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，和过去相反用过去完成时，和将来相反用could/would do sth。11.【2015福建】27.Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. Youhave made full preparations.A. mustB. canC. wouldD. should【答案】D.【解析】试题分析：考查情态动词+have done结构。A.must必须B.can可以；C.would将会；D.should应该。这里是情态+have done的结构的虚拟语气，can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过吗？”；could+have+done，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句；should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。该对话意思为：-对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了-噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。故选D【考点定位】考查考查情态动词+have done结构【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，情态动词否定式的用法辨析，“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。12.【2015江苏】28. It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule.A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known【答案】D【考点定位】虚拟语气【名师点睛】虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间,一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词had，should或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将had,should或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。13.【2015安徽】32.It is lucky we booked a room, or we _nowhere to stay now.A. hadB. had hadC. would haveD. would havehad【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：我们很幸运地订到了房间，否则的话，我们现在就会无处可去了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if we hadnt booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would+动词原形，故选C。【考点定位】考查虚拟语气【名师点睛】本题考查含蓄虚拟语气和错综时间虚拟语气。比较常见的是if引导的虚拟条件句，由otherwise, or, without等引出的相反的情况被称为“含蓄虚拟语气”。or引出相反的情况，对过去虚拟，主句用would+have done，但是主句中有“now”，表示与现在相反，因此用would+动词原形。专题06情态动词和虚拟语气1.【2014全国大纲卷】30.Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop.A. shouldB. needC. must D. can【答案】D【名师点睛】考查情态动词的用法。情态动词是每年高考的热点与难点，此题主要考查情态动词基本意义的辨析，属于比较简单的考查内容。考生需要熟知选项中每个选项的具体意义以及之间的用法区别，然后根据句意选择正确的选项。根据句意，是说话人对于可能性的描述，故选择D，表示能。2.【2014重庆卷】3. Ive ordered some pizza, so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. cant B. dare not C. neednt D. may not【答案】C【解析】试题分析：因为买了比萨饼，无需担心回家后疲劳还要做饭。故选择C项。neednt意为“无必要”。cant表示“无能力”；dare not表示“无勇气”；may not表示“推断”。考点：考查情态动词的基本用法。【名师点睛】本题考查情态动词。分析此题需抓住前句Ive ordered some pizza.我已经预定了披萨饼，可知后面为不需要做某事，neednt意为“无必要做某事”。cant表示“无能力做某事”；dare not表示“无勇气、不敢做某事”；may not表示“推断”。再根据句意可以选出正确答案。3.【2014重庆卷】10. - I spent two weeks in London last summer. - Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, _ you? A. mustnt B. havent C. didnt D. hadnt【答案】C【解析】试题分析：题意：逗留伦敦期间肯定去看过大英博物馆。题中last summer表示的是一个确定的过去时间，可认定must have visited是对“过去”的推断。故C项正确。考点：考查情态动词的推断用法。【名师点睛】本题考查特殊反义疑问句。A、B选项都是干扰选项，考生要注意调动知识储存来判断，没有A这种反问形式。这里结合情态动词考查反义疑问句，有两点注意：1、陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。如：He must be a doctor, isnt he? /You must have studied English for three years, havent you? didnt you?/He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he? 2、带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。如:We need not do it again, need we ?/He dare not say so, dare you?当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。如：She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?根据第一个知识点可以选出正确答案。4.【2014重庆卷】13. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _ it? A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing【答案】A【名师点睛】本题考查含蓄虚拟语气。比较常见的是if引导的虚拟条件句，由otherwise, or, without等引出的相反的情况被称为“含蓄虚拟语气”。本题是As if引出虚拟的情况，“好像是我把窗户打碎了一样”，这是对过去虚拟，主句用had done，A选项正确。5.【2014北京卷】34.We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.A. areB. wereC. will beD. would be【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：本题考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你不丢失地图，我们就已经到旅馆了。根据条件状语从句中“if we didnt lose the map”可知，主从句都是对现在情况的假设，所以选用D。考点：考查虚拟语气的用法【名师点睛】错综时间虚拟语气做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题中有关键词now，可以知道是说话人现在在表达责备意思，丢失地图在过去发生，对现在情况的推测要用would do/be形式。6.【2014北京卷】_ I have a word with you? It wont take long. A. CanB. MustC. ShallD. Should【答案】A.【解析】试题分析：本题考查情态动词，考查方式为情态动词词义辨析。句意：我能和你谈话吗？不会很长时间的。根据上下文可知，说话人在请求听话人允许不长时间的一个交谈，所以选择表示“能不能或可以不可以”的A考点：考查情态动词的用法。【名师点睛】本题考查情态动词。与2015年北京卷29题相似Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late. I really _must_go now, My daughter is home alone.也是类似题型。这里考查的是语气的强度，结合语境是能不能或可以不可以的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境。考生要持续关注情态动词这一考点。7.【2014江西卷】30. Life is unpredictable; even the poorest _become the richest.A. shall B. must C. need D. might【答案】D考点：考查情态动词的用法【名师点睛】在本题中，情态动词主要考查句意和说话人语气的强弱。首先排除B、C项。B过于肯定，C与题意不符。同样是“可能” shall表示说话者的意图、告诫、威胁、命令、决心等应该；必须；一定会。may/might表示“不太确定的可能”。弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。8.【2014四川卷】6. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends.A. might B. must C. would D. should【答案】C【解析】试题分析: A可能；B必须；C将；D应该。Would可以表示“过去常常”，强调过去经常发生的事情。根据语境判断此处指过去妈妈经常在周末带他去，所以选C。句意：我仍然记得我幸福的童年，那时妈妈经常带我在周末的时候去迪士尼乐园。考点：考查情态动词和虚拟语气。【名师点睛】考查情态动词的用法。每年高考几乎都会考查情态动词，此题主要考查情态动词基本意义的辨析。因此考生需要熟知选项中每个选项的具体意义以及之间的用法区别，然后根据句意选择正确的选项。Would可以表示“过去常常”，强调过去经常发生的事情。根据句意，是妈妈经常带我去迪士尼，故选择C。9.【2014福建卷】32.no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A. Were there B.Had there been C.If there are D.If there have been【答案】A【知识拓展】虚拟条件句的基本类型与结构。一、与现在事实相反。若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。二、与过去事实相反。若与过去事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。三、与将来事实相反。若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。考点：考查虚拟条件句。【名师点睛】考查倒装虚拟条件句。遇到此类题目，采取还原句子的方式解题。原句是If there were no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world，倒装的步骤如下：当 if 条件句中含有助动词had，should或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将had,should或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。10.【2014江苏卷】31. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food.A. might B. would C. should D. could【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查情态动词用法。A. might也许；B. would将；C. should竟然，居然（用于表示必要、适当、惊奇、遗憾等语气中）；D. could能够。句意：他们，自己如此的贫困，竟然带食物给我，让我很难过。故C正确。考点：考查情态动词用法【名师点睛】考查情态动词的常规用法。情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。本题表达的就是说话人的惊奇的语气。考试考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，情态动词否定式的用法辨析，“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。11.【2014陕西卷】25. My book, The House of Hales, is missing. Who _ have taken it?A. need B. must C. should D. could 【答案】D【名师点睛】考查情态动词在语境中的辨析。本题与2014年江苏卷31题相似，It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, shouldbring me food. 本题表达的是肯定语气，江苏卷是惊奇的语气。这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“可能”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境。12.【2014安徽卷】30People are recycling many things which they away in the past.A. had thrown B. will be throwingC. were throwing D. would have thrown【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：人们现在正在回收过去会扔掉的东西。这句话的which引导的是定语从句，是一个隐含的虚拟语气，因为in the past相当于If they had been in the past，所以句子用虚拟语气，和过去相反用would have done。所以选D。【知识拓展】考点：考查含蓄虚拟语气所谓含蓄条件句就是利用语境不直接说出条件的句子。这种句子可以分为两类：一种是广义的含蓄条件句，另一种是狭义的含蓄条件句。1. 广义含蓄指的是不用连词 if 或 unless 介绍条件，而是改用其他方式。实上这些表达方式也是同样是条件状语。（1）用介词引入条件： * but for（如不是, 如没有）：注意，凡是出现这个复合介词的句子，必须要用虚拟语气， * without/with (在不具备/具备的条件下), * under （在条件下）（2）分词短语充当条件（分词短语本身就具有充当条件状语的功能），（3）表示不具备条件的连词连词：but,but that,or或otherwise，2. 狭义含蓄指的是不用任何语言方式显示条件，而是把条件隐藏在具体的原环境中，（1）用上下文暗示条件，（2）用委婉语气暗示条件，（3）用表示愿望的语气暗示条件。【名师点睛】本题考查的是含蓄虚拟语气从句。考生要善于分析句意，首先要根据句意和句子结构