生词论文关于如何解读英语阅读中的生词、难词论文范文参考资料

生词论文关于如何解读英语阅读中的生词、难词论文范文参考资料 如果上下文中有直接下定义或者间接的解释性词句，只要理解了定义句或解释性的词句即可知道词义。 1.直接定义 这类定义句的信号词多为：be， mean， refer to， be considered to be， constitute， be called， be defined as等。如：Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 从后面“针对人类的专门研究”的定义即可知道Anthropology是“人类学”。 In slang the term “jam”constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 同样，从上下文的定义可知jam 一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。 2.解释性的词语（包括定语从句） 有时作者采用破折号“”、括号“（）”、冒号“：”等方式引导同位语或定语从句解释生词。如：People who eat too much spicy food are liable to suffer from dyspepsia a condition monly called indigestion. 由破折号后面的解释可知dyspepsia 意为“消化不良”。 He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of his hats， swallowing fire， and other similar tricks. 从who引导的定语从句可知生词“prestidigitator”意为“从帽子里拉出兔子、吞火和玩其他类似把戏的人”，即“变戏法者”。 在阅读过程中，有时会发现“for example”、“for instance”、“such as”等表举例的信号词，这类词可为猜测词义提供重要线索。例如：Today young couples often spend lots of money on appliance， for instance， washing machines， refrigerators and colors TVs. 通过washing machines， refrigerators and colors TVs等例子可知appliances 应是“家用电器”。 在上下文中，如果对两个事物或现象进行对比，就可根据一种意思来推断其相反的词义。主要信号词有however，although， on the other hand， nevertheless， on the contrary， yet， whereas， in contrast 和while 引导的并列句等。例如：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother， in contrast， is quite humble and modest. supercilious 对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是它与句中短语in contrast（对照，对比）后面的词组 humble and modest（谦卑又谦虚）成对比关系，我们便能猜出supercilious 意为“目空一切的，傲慢的”。 A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones. 本句中未出现表示对比关系的词或短语，但是通过上下文可以判断出句子有对比关系，因此能推断adept与unskilled 的词义相反，故意为“熟练的” 比较关系是上下文对两个事物类似方面所做的比较，常见的信号词有：as， the same ， just as， like， similarly， also等。例如：Green loves to talk， and his brothers are similarly loquacious. 该句中的副词similarly 表明短语loves to talk与loquacious 之间有相似关系。由此可以推断loquacious 词意为“健谈的”。 The Asian monkey， like other apes， is specially adapted for life in trees. 这里用like把ape 和monkey 进行比较，还用了一个other 说明monkey可能是ape 的一种。那么也可以猜出ape 是“猿类”。 为避开重复，常用意思相近或相同的词语来代替。如：Although he often had the opportunity， Mr. *ith was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank， and he did not want to jeopardize his future. 作者为避开重复使用endanger， 用同义词jeopardize 来替代它，由此可推知其词义为“使陷入危险，危及，危害”。 Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your heath. They also regard drinking as harmful. 如果detrimental 是个生词，但只要判断出harmful同detrimental的意思相近，就不难推断出其义为“不利的，有害的”。 语篇都有严密的逻辑性， 可根据上下文的关系猜测词义。 1.根据文义逻辑推测 例如：The criminal was to be killed at dawn； but he petitioned the king to save him and his request was granted. 前半部分讲犯人要被处死，后面用“but” 一转，表明他死不了，因为“his request was granted”，因此可推测“petition”意为“祈求”。 Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. 根据理由状语